Developmental Psychopathology test 1

Generally speaking, _________ of children are diagnosed with a psychological disorder.

10 to 20%

Naturalistic Observation

: can directly observe the behavior of the child and others under conditions in unstructured observations in the child's natural enviorment

Purpose of Assessment

A good assessment should lead to effective and practical recommendations 1) description and diagnosis 2) prognosis 3) treatment planning

What does the "A" in the "ABC's" of behavioral assessment" stand for?

Antecedent

ABC's

Antecedents Behavior Consequences

_____ means that the child shows some form of agreement to participate in research without necessarily understanding the full significance of the research.

Assent

Which two early theoretical paradigms attempted to integrate the influence of inborn processes and environmental conditions in psychological development?

Behaviorism and Psychoanalytic Theory

Which statement about neurodevelopment is false? A. Most developing axons reach their destination before a baby is born. B. Synapses both proliferate and disappear in early childhood. C. Brain connections are relatively pre-determined and cannot be changed by the environment. D. Primitive areas of the brain develop first.

C. Brain connections are relatively pre-determined and cannot be changed by the environment

. Which of the following statements about children's mental health is false? A. About one child in eight has a mental health problem that impairs their functioning. B. Approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services. C. Mental health problems of children and adolescents are a significant societal concern. D. About one in ten children meets the criteria for a specific psychological disorder.

C. mental health problems of children and adolescents are a significant societal concern

Psychophysiological

Common measures, EEG

1. Research into risk and protective factors requires large samples of children be studied and multiple areas of functioning be assessed over long periods of time because: A. the areas of child functioning that will be affected are not known in advance B. only a small amount of children who are at risk will actually develop the disorder C. when a disorder may occur or reoccur is not known in advance D. all of the above

D

50. All of the following psychological disorders are more common among males than females except: A. mental retardation B. autistic disorder C. conduct disorder D.adolescent depression

D adolscent depression

What factors contribute to the manner in which behavioral and emotional problems are expressed and recognized? A. child's biological sex B. ethnic background C. cultural surroundings D. all of the above

D all of the above

Which of the following is NOT an underlying assumption regarding abnormal child behavior? A. Abnormal development is multiply determined. B. The child and the environment are interdependent. C. Abnormal development involves continuities and discontinuities. D. All of these are underlying assumptions.

D. All of these are underlying assumptions.

Which of the following statements about neural development is true? A. Major restructuring of the brain in relation to puberty occurs between 6 and 9 years of age. B. The brain stops changing after 3 years of age. C. Primitive areas of the brain mature last. D. Brain regions which govern basic sensorimotor skills undergo the most dramatic changes within the first 3 years of life.

D. Brain regions which govern basic sensorimotor skills undergo the most dramatic changes within the first 3 years of life.

1. Which of the following is true with respect to resilience? A. Resilience tends to be a fixed attribute. B. Resilience may vary over time. C. Resilience may vary across situations. D. Resilience may vary over time and across situations.

D. Resilience may vary over time and across situations.

Behavioral geneticists have concluded that:

Genetic contributions to psychological disorders come from many genes, which each make a small contribution and interact with the environment

The developmental psychopathology perspective is best viewed as a:

Macroparadigm

Billy was the victim of child abuse and neglect when he was a child. The psychologist told his foster family that there is a possibility that this experience could result in Billy developing depression, an anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, or a mild adjustment disorder. The psychologist is speaking of:

Multifinality

A(n) ______ case formulation emphasizes general inferences that apply to broad groups of individuals.

Nomothetic

Clinical interviewa

Provide large amount of information during. brief period, include a developmental or family history, physical development and emotional development, most interviews are unstructured

Individual differences in emotion __________ account for differing responses to a stressful environment.

Reactivity

Reporting

Self: ex a child or parent will provide info about his or her own behavior feelings and thoughts Informant: Ex a person who is well acquainted with the child will provide information about a child's behavior feeling and thoughts.

Neuroimaging

Structural:MRI and CT scans Functional: fMRI and PET

Risk factor

Variable that precedes an outcome of interest, increase the chance of a negative outcome

Who was referred to as the father of behaviorism?

Watson

Which statement about children's mental health is false? 1)About 1 in 10 children meets the criteria for a specific psychological disorder. 2)Race plays more of a role than socioeconomic status (SES) in disorder rates among children. 3)Approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services. 4)About 1 in 15 children has a mental health problem that impairs their functioning

approximately 75% of children with mental health problems receive proper services

. __________ means that the child shows some form of agreement to participate in research without necessarily understanding the full significance of the research.

assent

Dr. Psychologist- Extraordinaire hypothesizes that school phobia (i.e., fear of school) develops when school becomes associated with a traumatic experience that causes fear, such as victimization from peers. Which theoretical perspective best fits this model?

behavioral/classical conditioning

Dr. Evil studied the development of anxiety symptoms following exposure to bedroom monsters by randomly assigning 50 children to a monster exposure group and 50

between-group comparison design

Etiology refers to the ______ of childhood disorders.

causation

1. The ________ gives us the distinct qualities that make us human and allows us to think about the future, to be playful, and to be creative.

cerebral cortex

Which risk factor is most likely to increase a child's vulnerability to psychopathology?

chronic poverty

A _____________ summarizes the child's unique behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up the features of a given psychological disorder

clinical description

Dr. Beck believes that child psychopathology is the result of faulty or biased thought patterns. Which approach to therapy is he most likely to have?

cognitive

______ approaches to treatment consider maladaptive thinking and faulty learning to be closely related to behavioral problems. Correct!

cognitive-behavioral

The overlapping or co-occurrence of disorders is called:

comorbidity

An advantage of behavior checklists over interviews is that checklists allow a clinician to ______ while interviews typically do not.

compare results to a reference sample

What does the "C" in the "ABC's" of behavioral assessment" stand for?

consequences

______ validity refers to the degree of correlation between measures that are expected to be related to one another.

convergent

which is an example of resiliency?

coping skills

Variables that are associated at a particular point in time with no clear proof that one precedes the other are said to be ______.

correlated

Successful adaptation to the environment varies across ______.

culture and ethnicity

To determine a child's competencies, it is useful to have some knowledge of _____

developmental tasks

To determine a child's competencies, it is essential to have some knowledge of

developmental tasks typical for the child's age

The ______ classification approach assumes that all children possess the same traits to varying degrees.

dimensional

Psychological disorders are defined as patterns of behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or physical symptoms that are associated with ______.

distress

To know if a treatment would truly be useful in community settings, psychologists should look for studies on treatment

effectiveness

Questions about the nature and distribution of childhood disorders are frequently addressed through which of the following?

epidemiological reserach

Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways (or different circumstances), a concept known as:

equifinality

Conduct disorder may arise from different developmental pathways, a concept known as _______?

equifinality

Which term refers to the study of how disorders develop and what the possible causes are?

etiology

Skepticism exists regarding research in abnormal child psychology because ______.

experts on childhood disorders frequently disagree

The degree to which findings can be generalized to children, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than the one in a particular study is referred to as:

external validity

Structured observation

highly structured situations involving specific tasks or instructions usually carried out in the clinic or laboratory

The detailed representation of the individual child or family as a unique entity is referred to as a(n) ___________ case formulation, whereas a _________ case formulation emphasizes general inferences that apply to broad groups of individuals

idiographic, nomethetic

The significant difficulties that children in chronic poverty experience may be due to ______.

impaired prefrontal cortex development

______ rate refer to the extent to which new cases of a disorder appear over a specified time period.

incidence

______________ rates refer to the extent to which new cases of a disorder appear over a specified time period.

incidence

A risk factor is a variable that

increases the likelihood that a negative outcome will occur

A child's problems must be considered in relation to the influence of the ______.

individual, community/culture/family

Categorical classification systems are based primarily on ______.

informed clinical consensus

Which of the following is a criticism of the DSM-5?

it lacks sufficient emphasis on situation and contextual factors

Why is prognosis likely to be important to parents who refer their child for an assessment?

it tells them what is likely to happen if treatment is not sought

The part of the brain that regulates our emotional experiences, expressions, and impulses is:

limbic system

In ____________ research, the same individuals are studied at different ages/stages of development, whereas in _______ research, different individuals at different ages or stages of development are studied at the same point in time.

longitudinal,cross-sectional

______ refers to efforts to increase adherence with treatment over time to prevent reoccurence.

maintenance

Resiliency in boys is best associated with household in which there are:

male role models, structure, and encouragement of emotional expressiveness

The process, mechanism, or means through which a variable produces a particular outcome is known as a __________ variable (cue ball example).

mediating

If a study found that an intervention was effective, but was more effective for boys than girls, gender would be a:

moderating variable

Factors that influence the direction or strength of a relationship of variables of interest are called:

moderator variables

Semi-structured interviews tend to be ______ than unstructured interviews.

more consistent and less spontaneous

A clearly defined group used to compare an individual child's test score against is called a ______.

norm group

A correlation of -.75 between age and amount of time spent in REM sleep means that:

older people spend less time in rem sleep

Most often, adaptational failure is due to a(n) ______.

ongoing interaction between the individual and environment

Children's development occurs in a(n) ______ manner.

organized and hierarchiacal

Brain maturity occurs in a(n) ____________ fashion

organized and hierarchical

Which of the following is NOT part of the protective triad of resources and health-promoting events connected to children's resilience?

physical health

A variable that precedes an outcome of interest and increases the chances that the outcome will occur is a(n):

predictive factor

interventions are______

problem-solving strategies

Minimum ethical standards for practice include

protecting the confidentiality of the therapeutic relationship

Isabella appears sad and is having difficulty academically and with her peer group. Isabella has a close relationship with her mother. This relationship with her mother can be considered a:

protective factor

______ increases the chance that characteristics other than the independent variable will be equally distributed across treatment groups.

random assignment

The over-representation of boys with psychological orders likely reflects ______.

referral bias

Temperament

refers to the child's organized style of behavior that appears very early in development, shapes the child's approach to the environment and vice versa, is considered one of the building blocks of personality

The relationship between assessment and intervention is best viewed as ______. Correct!

related and ongoing

Emily's mother was asked to complete a behavior checklist on two separate occasions several weeks apart. The results yielded from both occasions were very similar. The behavior checklist can be said to be:

reliable

Asking college students to describe their childhood relationships with their peers is an example of a ____________ design

retrospective

Which issue makes adolescence a particularly vulnerable time?

risky sexual behavior

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of adolescence?

self-control and compliance

The windows of time during which environmental influence on development are enhanced are called ______.

sensitive period

Problem-solving analysis

similar to clinical assessment and views diagnosis as a process of gathering information that is used to understand the nature of an individual's problem, its possible causes, treatment options, and outcomes--Most effective approach for children to get better

Carl sees his dad work on cars in the family's garage every day after school. Whenever his dad is frustrated he calls the car a piece of (well... you get the idea). At his grade school, Carl becomes frustrated and calls his math homework the same name his father used with the cars. Which of the following theories would apply best to understanding how Carl developed this behavior?

social learning

The formal assignment of a clinical case to a DSM-V classification category is referred to as a(n):

taxonomic diagnosis

The most universally used assessment procedure with parents and children is ______.

the clinical interview

Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter associated with psychopathology? A. dopamine B. norepinephrine C. serotonin thorazapine

thorazapine

The dynamic interaction of child and environment is referred to as ______.

transaction

Isabella is 3 years old, and frequently demands attention, overreacts, and refuses to go to bed. These behaviors are considered ______.

typical of her age

Treatment planning

using assessment information to generate a plan to address the child'S problem and to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment

An assessment tool that actually measures the construct it is intended to measure can be considered ______

valid

correlates

variable associated at a particular point in time, no clear proof that one precedes the other

protective factors

variables that precede a outcome of interest, decrease the chance of a negative outcome

In the 17th and 18th centuries, acts of child maltreatment:

were considered to be a parent's right for educating or discipling a child