DHN 101 Exam 2 practice questions Ch. 6 Fats and Lipids
Which two organs are required for the digestion of dietary lipids?
liver and pancreas
At what blood alcohol concentration (BAC) does your brain lose the ability to process information?
0.20%-0.30%
How many calories are in one gram of fat?
9 kcal
What is the American Heart Association's classification for a high blood lipid level?
HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women, cholesterol >/= 240 mg/dL
What does the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (Acceptable Macronutrient Range- AMDR) recommend for an adults daily fat intake?
between 20 and 35% of total calories
What does the enzyme lipase do?
breaks down fats
What does alcohol do?
cause the kidneys to excrete more urine, and suppresses the production of ADH by the pituitary gland
What is a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release digestive enzymes?
cholecystokinin
What is the chemical structure of a saturated fatty acid?
contains no carbon-carbon double bonds
What are some examples of food that contain cholesterol?
eggs, chicken, ice cream, milk, and cheesse
What are some lipids/fats?
fatty acids, tryglycerides, phospholipds, and cholesterol
What are modifiable risk factors for CVD?
increasing age, and family history of CVD
what is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?
it contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the methyl end of the carbon chain
How does an emulsifier work?
it isolates individual fat droplets and prevents fat fro coalescing by using a shell of water molecules
What body parts are most vulnerable to the damage of atherosclerosis?
kidneys, eyes, and legs
name the class of nutrients that consist of tryglycirides, phospholipids, and sterols.
lipids
What is the enzyme in the walls of capillaries that break down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerole?
lipoprotein lipase
What is the main product of lipid digestion?
monoglycerides
What are the end products of fat digestion?
monoglycerides, fatty acids and glycerol
Where are hydrogens found on trans fatty acids?
on the opposite side of the carbon-carbon double bond
Where are hydrogens found on cis fatty acids?
on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond
What is the chemical structure of a monounsaturated fatty acid?
one carbon-carbon double bond
What digestive enzyme removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule?
pancreatic lipase
What can contribute to unwanted weight gain?
physical inactivity and excess energy consumption
Safflower, corn, soybean, and cottonseed oils are all rich in what fats? Diets high in this fat may lead to the reduction of total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL cholesterol.
polyunsaturated fat
Where does lipid digestion begin?
stomach
Which form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical structure similar to that of saturated fatty acids?
trans fatty acid
Compared to butter margarine has more unsaturated fat and less saturated fat and less cholesterol.
true
Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated
true
Phospholipids contain both a hydrphobic and a hydrophilic portion, which attract and repel water
true
What is the chemical structure of a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
two or more carbon-carbon double bonds
What is the structure of a phospholipid molecule?
contains a phosphorus, fatty acid, and nitrogen-containing base
What is a well known sterol?
Cholesterol
Alcohol will contribute to dehydration because it causes a person to lose fluid. This will result in impaired performance.
True
What is an embolus?
a blood clot or plaque particle that breaks free from where it formed and travels through the bloodstream
What is hypertension?
a condition that is characterized by abnormally high blood pressure levels and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease
What is the American Heart Association's classification for a optimal blood lipid level?
LDL cholesterol <100 mg/dL
Consuming light to moderate amounts of alcohol raises HDL cholesterol levels, reduces blood levels of fibrinogen, and decreases platelet stickiness
true
What is a lipid compound containing a multi-ring structure?
a sterol
What has three fatty acids attached to glycerol?
a triglyceride
What lipid has three fatty acids attached to a three-carbon compound called glycerol?
a triglyceride
When your body needs energy what do adipose cells do from begging to end?
first they break down tryglyceride into fatty acids and glycerol molecules,then fatty acids and glycerol are released into the bloodstream, then they remove fatty acids from the blood and the liver removes glycerol from the blood, then they metabolize the fatty acids for energy and the liver converts glycerol into glucose for energy
What is a thrombus?
a fixed clot that remains in place and disrupts blood flow
What is a triglyceride?
a molecule consisting of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol
What fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen atoms?
a saturated fatty acid
What cells absorb fatty acids and glycerol from the blood and reassemble them as triglycerides for storage, and commonly called fat cells.
adipose cells
What is the term used for the long-term process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls?
atherosclerosis
What information about fat is required on the nutrition facts panel?
calories from fat, total fat (grams), trans fat(grams), saturated fat(grams), and cholesterol (mg)
What is the American Heart Association's classification for a borderline high blood lipid level?
triglycerides 150-199 mg/dL,
1 in 3 adult Americans suffer from some form of cardiovascular disease disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.
true
Fats are not soluble in water
true