Diabetes prep u

The nurse is instructing a client how to take a prescribed pramlintide. Which would be most appropriate?

"Give it by subcutaneous injection immediately before your major meals."

A client is evaluated for type 1 diabetes. Which client comment correlates best with this disorder?

"I'm thirsty all the time. I just can't get enough to drink."

Exercise lowers blood glucose levels. Which of the following are the physiologic reasons that explain this statement. Select all that apply.

-Increases lean muscle mass -Increases resting metabolic rate as muscle size increases -Decreases total cholesterol - Increases glucose uptake by body muscles

A nurse is caring for a 48-year-old woman who has been hospitalized after injecting the wrong type of insulin. Which sign of hypoglycemia will the nurse be careful to observe for?

Blurred vision

The nurse expects that a type 1 diabetic patient may receive what percentage of his or her usual morning dose of insulin preoperatively?

50%-60%

A nurse expects to note an elevated serum glucose level in a client with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS). Which other laboratory finding should the nurse anticipate?

Below-normal serum potassium level

A client is receiving glipizide as treatment for his type 2 diabetes. The nurse understands that this drug acts by:

Binding to potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells

The nurse is educating a client who is beginning therapy with acarbose and tells the client to take the medication with the first bite of each main meal to help prevent what adverse effect?

Bloating and diarrhea

A nurse is assigned to care for a patient who is suspected of having type 2 diabetes. Select all the clinical manifestations that the nurse knows could be consistent with this diagnosis.

Blurred or deteriorating vision Fatigue and irritability Polyuria and polydipsia Wounds that heal slowly or respond poorly to treatment

A nurse is teaching a client about insulin infusion pump use. What intervention should the nurse include to prevent infection at the injection site?

Change the needle every 3 days.

A client with diabetic ketoacidosis was admitted to the intensive care unit 4 hours ago and has these laboratory results: blood glucose level 450 mg/dl, serum potassium level 2.5 mEq/L, serum sodium level 140 mEq/L, and urine specific gravity 1.025. The client has two IV lines in place with normal saline solution infusing through both. Over the past 4 hours, his total urine output has been 50 ml. Which physician order should the nurse question?

Change the second IV solution to dextrose 5% in water.

The nurse is caring for a client receiving insulin isophane suspension (NPH) at breakfast. What is an important dietary consideration for the nurse to keep in mind?

Encourage midday snack.

The nurse is administering an antidiabetic agent by subcutaneous injection within 60 minutes of the client's breakfast. Which agent would the nurse most likely be administering?

Exenatide

A patient presents to the clinic complaining of symptoms that suggest diabetes. What criteria would support checking blood levels for the diagnosis of diabetes?

Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL

After teaching a group of students about sulfonylureas, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which agent as a second-generation sulfonylurea? Select all that apply.

Glimepiride Glyburide Pramlintide

During ongoing assessment of clients receiving insulin detemir (Levemir), the nurse assesses the client for symptoms of hypoglycemia that include which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Headache Confusion Diaphoresis

A type 2 diabetic is ordered metformin (Glucophage) as part of the management regime. Which is the best nursing explanation for the action of this drug in controlling glucose levels?

Helps tissues use insulin more efficiently

A client is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Which order from the physician should the nurse implement first?

Infuse 0.9% normal saline solution 1 L/hr for 2 hours.

A patient is prescribed Glucophage, an oral antidiabetic agent classified as a biguanide. The nurse knows that a primary action of this drug is its ability to:

Inhibit the production of glucose by the liver.

A client is receiving acarbose. What would the nurse incorporate into the teaching plan for this client about the action of the drug?

Inhibits an enzyme to delay glucose absorption

The nurse admitted a 4-year-old child with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse educates the parents that hypoglycemia can occur as an adverse effect of insulin. The nurse helps the parents to understand that in young children, hypoglycemia may manifest as what signs or symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Irritability Impaired mental functioning Lethargy

A client with a diagnosis of diabetes is prescribed pramlintide. How will this drug assist in controlling the client's blood sugar?

It slows gastric emptying.

A female client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. She suddenly reports feeling weak, shaky, and dizzy. What should the nurse's first response be?

Perform a blood sugar analysis.

The nurse walks into the room of a client with type 1 diabetes and finds the client pale and diaphoretic. The client reports a headache and being hungry. Immediately, the client is unable to talk. What is the nurse's immediate intervention for this client?

Place glucose gel between the gums and cheek.

Which agent would a nurse expect to administer as a single oral dose in the morning?

Rosiglitazone

Which produce their glucose lowering effect by decreasing insulin resistance and increasing insulin sensitivity? (Select all that apply.)

Rosiglitazone (Avandia) Pioglitazone (Actos)

Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client is experiencing hypoglycemia?

Slow, bounding pulse

After taking glipizide (Glucotrol) for 9 months, a client experiences secondary failure. What should the nurse expect the physician to do?

Switch the client to a different oral antidiabetic agent.

A patient with type 1 diabetes has come to the clinic for a routine follow-up appointment. While assessing the patient's skin, the nurse observes brown spots on his lower legs. What might these spots indicate?

Widespread changes in the blood vessels