Differences in Culture

This is a less rigid form of social stratification in which social mobility is possible.

Class system

Which of the following is not true regarding culture?

Culture is static

During the 1960s and 1970s, class divisions in _____ raised the cost of doing business there, relative to other European countries.

Great Britain

Which of the following statements about the use of spoken language is false?

Most people prefer to converse in English rather than their own language.

This is an Islamic banking method where banks lend money to a business, and rather than charging that business interest on the loan, they take a share in the profits that are derived from the investment.

Mudarabah

Which Islamic banking method is the most widely used among the world's Islamic banks, primarily because it is the easiest to implement?

Murabaha

According to sociologists, which of the following branches of Christianity has the most important economic implications?

Protestant

Three values central to the Confucian system of ethics have very important economic implications. Which of the following is not one among them?

Rule-based law

Which of the following refers to the extent to which individuals can move out of the strata into which they are born?

Social mobility

These strata are typically defined on the basis of characteristics such as family background, occupation, and income.

Social strata

Which of the following observations is correct?

The Koran speaks approvingly of free enterprise.

Which of the following statements about values and norms of a culture is not true?

They do not influence social structure

_____ is/are best defined as shared assumptions about how things ought to be.

Values

Ethical systems are:

a set of moral principles, or values, that are used to guide and shape behavior.

A class system

allows an individual to change his/her position via personal achievements.

The system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living best defines:

culture.

Hofstede's dimension of Confucian dynamism:

captures attitudes toward time, persistence, ordering by status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts and favors.

A _____ is a closed system of stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime.

caste system

A condition where people tend to perceive themselves in terms of their class background and this shapes their relationships with members of other classes is known as:

class consciousness.

According to Max Weber:

devout Hindus would be less likely to engage in entrepreneurial activity than devout

The belief in the superiority of one's own culture is known as:

ethnocentrism.

The emphasis on individualism in the United States results in all of the following disadvantages except:

executives are not exposed to different ways of doing business.

A Japanese executive's ritual of presenting a business card to a foreign business executive is an example of:

folkways

____ are social conventions concerning things such as the appropriate dress code in a particular situation, good social manners, eating with the correct utensils, neighborly behavior, and the like.

folkways

_____ are the routine conventions of everyday life.

folkways

A central value of Japanese culture is the importance attached to:

group membership.

The social organization of Western society tends to emphasize on:

individual achievement.

Social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations are best described as:

norms

The _____ dimension of Hofstede's study explores how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities.

power distance

Religion may be defined as:

shared beliefs and rituals that are concerned with the realm of the sacred.

A group of people who share a common set of values and norms form a:

society

An act, as simple as shaking hands when meeting new people is an example of:

symbolic behavior

Hofstede's uncertainty avoidance dimension considered:

the extent to which different cultures socialized their members into accepting ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty.

It has been argued that the success of Japanese enterprises in the global economy has been based partly on all of the following except:

the high degree of managerial mobility between companies.

Mores are:

the norms that are seen as central to the functioning of a society and its social life.

Hofstede's masculinity vs. femininity dimension examined:

the relationship between gender and work roles.

The individualism vs. collectivism dimension of Hofstede's study explored: A. the extent to which different cultures socialized their members into accepting ambiguous situations and tolerating uncertainty.

the relationship between the individual and his/her fellows.

The emergence of class consciousness in Great Britain can be attributed to:

the relative lack of class mobility.

According to Islam, those who hold property are regarded as:

trustees

In China, class divisions:

were strengthened during the high point of Communist rule.