digestive quiz exam 4

Which of the following is a stimulus that initiates the gastric phase of gastric secretion? shrinkage of the stomach chyme first enters the small intestine when one sees, smells, tastes, or thinks of food an increase in the pH of the gastric contents

an increase in the pH of the gastric contents

During which phase in the control of the digestive system would bicarbonate and bile be stimulated? cephalic phase gastric phase intestinal phase

intestinal phase

The bile duct: is the duct that immediately leads out of the gallbladder. is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct. is formed by the union of the right and left hepatic ducts. produces digestive enzymes and buffers.

is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

The jejunum: receives chyme from the stomach and digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver. is the longest segment of the small intestine, averaging 3.5 meters (11.5 ft.) in length. is the segment closest to the stomach. is the site where the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

is the site where the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs

Which liver cells are phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens, cell debris, and damaged blood cells? acinar cells enteroendocrine cells hepatocytes Kupffer cells (stellate macrophages)

Kupffer cells (stellate macrophages)

Enteric interneurons that are inhibitory to smooth muscle use which of the following neurotransmitters? VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) ACh (acetylcholine) norepinephrine substance P

VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide)

Which description of the alkaline tide is true? Hydrogen ions are generated inside chief cells. The hydrogen ions diffuse across the cell and exit through channels into the lumen of the gastric gland. The chloride ions are actively transported into the lumen of the gastric gland. A countertransport mechanism ejects the bicarbonate ions into the interstitial fluid.

a countertransport mechanism ejects the bicarbonate ions into the interstitial fluid

Which is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract? Wherever smooth muscle tissue forms layers, the cells are aligned parallel to one another. Hormonal factors can alter the degree of tension. A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules. Smooth muscle can contract over a range of lengths due to plasticity.

a smooth muscle fiver has an extensive network of T tubules

The parotid salivary glands: transport antibodies (IgA) into the saliva. produce a secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase. produce a mucous secretion that acts as a buffer and lubricant. contain a mixture of secretory cells, some specialized for mucous secretion and others specialized for enzyme production.

produce a secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase

Chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, and elastase are examples of which type of major pancreatic enzymes that break down proteins? nucleases proteolytic enzymes pancreatic lipase pancreatic alpha-amylase

proteolytic enzymes

An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) arriving in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl? CCK (cholecystokinin) gastrin GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) secretin

secretin

Which of the following GI hormones promotes a pancreatic juice rich in bicarbonate ions? GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) secretin gastrin motilin

secretin

Which major layer of the digestive tract is a dense layer of irregular connective tissue that has large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels? submucosa mucosa muscularis externa serosa

submucosa

Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter released by which fibers? both sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic fibers parasympathetic postganglionic fibers interneurons of the enteric nervous system sympathetic postganglionic fibers

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

H. pylori probably prefers the pyloric antrum, because Fewer immune system cells that could kill the bacteria reside there Gastrin is produced in the antrum More pepsinogen can be found in that region The environment is slightly less acidic

the environment is slightly less acidic

Which is the function of parietal cells? They secrete a glycoprotein that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal lining. They produce a variety of hormones. They secrete an inactive proenzyme called pepsinogen. They produce enzymes important for the digestion of milk.

they secrete a glycoprotein that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal lining

Which process, supported by the posterior margin of the soft palate, helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely? uvula gingiva vestibule fauces

uvula

Which of the following intestinal hormones stimulates the release of bile from the gall bladder? GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) gastrin motilin CCK (cholecystokinin)

CCK (cholecystokinin)

In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions? acinar cells islet of Langerhans cells duct cells

acinar cells

The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following? bile digestive enzymes such as CCK and secretin intrinsic factor bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus

bicarbonate and potassium-rich mucus

Cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion __________. causes a relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter and contraction of the gallbladder stimulates insulin release at the pancreatic islets stimulates gastric motility results in dilation of intestinal capillaries

causes a relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter and contraction of the gallbladder

HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen? G cells parietal paracrine (also known as enteroendocrine cells) chief

chief

What terminology describes a series of transverse folds in the lining of the small intestine? rugae taeniae coli circular folds haustra

circular folds

Which structure is the remnant of the ventral mesentery between the liver and the anterior wall of the peritoneal cavity? mesentery proper lesser omentum falciform ligament greater omentum

falciform ligament

Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation? nausea fear the thought of food a lemon

fear

Part complete Multi-unit smooth muscle cells __________. lack a direct contact with any motor neuron show rhythmic cycles of activity triggered by pacesetter cells form the smooth muscle tissue located in the iris of the eye are arranged in sheets or layers, with adjacent muscle cells electrically connected by gap junctions

form the smooth muscle tissue located in the iris of the eye

Which region of the stomach is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus? pylorus fundus cardia body

fundus

Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine? gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) cholecystokinin (CCK) vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) secretin

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Which mesentery is comprised of adipose tissue and conforms to the shapes of the surrounding organs, providing padding and protection? mesocolon greater omentum lesser omentum mesentery proper

greater omentum

Enteritis is: inflammation of the intestine. inflammation of the gallbladder. inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach. a general term referring to inflammation of the colon.

inflammation of the intestine

Which of the following is a structure of the portal triad? central vein liver sinusoid interlobular artery hepatic vein

interlobular artery

Choose the correct statement regarding the liver. It temporarily stores the bile it produces. The round ligament extends along the edges of the bare area. The porta hepatis carries bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum. It functions in the maintenance of normal concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in the bloodstream

it functions in the maintenance of normal concentrations of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in the bloodstream

Which of the following is characteristic of the intestinal phase of gastric secretion? It involves the enterogastric reflex. It involves postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and G cells of the stomach. It is stimulated by the presence of undigested materials in the stomach. During this phase, gastrin stimulates contractions in the muscularis externa of the stomach and intestinal tract.

it involves the enterogastric reflex

Which is true regarding the defecation reflex? Stimulation of sympathetic motor neurons in the sacral spinal cord results in stimulation of somatic motor neurons. It involves two positive feedback loops. Stimulation of the myenteric plexus in the sigmoid colon and rectum results in decreased local peristalsis. The short reflex stimulates mass movements that push feces toward the rectum from the descending colon and sigmoid colon

it involves two positive feedback loops

Why might the positive feedback loop described above potentially cause damage to digestive organs? It will cause the stomach pH to get lower and lower It will lead to indigestion and constipation It will diminish the activity of parietal cells It will result in very high gastrin concentrations, which are toxic to the body

it will cause the stomach pH to get lower and lower

Which characteristic of H. pylori is most likely an adaptation to deal with the stomach's powerful muscle contractions that churn its contents? Its preference for the pyloric antrum Its ability to sense chemical gradients Its stimulation of G cells Its surface adhesins

its surface adhesins

Which component of the mucosa consists of a layer of areolar tissue that also contains blood vessels, sensory nerve endings, and many other structures? submucosal plexus muscularis mucosae villi lamina propria

lamina propria

The movement of materials along the digestive tract, as well as many secretory functions, is primarily controlled by which of the following? parasympathetic motor fibers in the glossopharyngeal, vagus, or pelvic nerves villi local factors enteroendocrine cells

local factors

Which characteristic of saliva is correct? Collectively, the salivary glands produce 200 mL of saliva each day. Parasympathetic stimulation accelerates secretion by all the salivary glands. About 70 percent of the saliva originates in the sublingual salivary glands. Buffers in the saliva keep the pH of the mouth near 4.0.

parasympathetic stimulation accelerates secretion by all the salivary glands

The haustra of the large intestine: contain numerous teardrop-shaped sacs of fat. permit the expansion and elongation of the colon. consist of three separate longitudinal bands of smooth muscle. mark the end of the ascending colon.

permits the expansion and elongation of the colon