DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Which of the following best describes the volume of water normally absorbed from the GI tract every day by an individual in a normal state of hydration?

7 - 9 litres

What is the term for the substance stored in the gall bladder, responsible for emulsification of fats in the small intestine?

Bile

When considering the histology of the liver, which of the following best describes a hepatic triad?

Bile duct; portal vein; hepatic artery

Arrange the parts of the large intestine in the correct order, from proximal to distal to the small intestine.

Caecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Rectum, Anal canal

The tough yellow tissue that covers the root best describes which component of the tooth?

Cementum

Which type of cell secretes pepsinogen?

Chief cell

Which hormones play a role in gastric and intestinal digestion?

Cholecystokinin; gastrin; secretin

Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the liver?

Cholic lobe

What is the term for the partially digested, semi-fluid filled pulp formed by the mixing of ingested food and gastric juice in the stomach?

Chyme

The major pancreatic duct unites with which one of the following structures prior to opening into the duodenum?

Common bile duct

Which best summarises the role of the small intestine?

Completion of the breakdown of most nutrients and the primary site of absorption of water and products of digestion

Which of the following connects the gall bladder to the common bile duct?

Cystic duct

What is the anatomical term for primary teeth that erupt during a child's 1st or 2nd year and are later replaced with permanent teeth?

Deciduous teeth

The contents of the stomach empty directly into which structure?

Duodenum

The hepatopancreatic ampulla can be found in the wall of which of the following?

Duodenum

Arrange the wall of the small intestine in the correct order, starting from the structure closest to the lumen.

Epithelium, Lamina propria, Muscularis muscosae, Submucosa, Muscularis, Serosa

Salivary nuclei send efferent signals to the salivary glands via which nerves?

Facial; glossopharyngeal

What is the anatomical term for the structure that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

Falciform ligament

Label one of the mandibular incisors?

Front bottom

Which substances are secreted from parietal cells in the gastric pits?

Hydrochloric acid; intrinsic factor

Which is the last and longest segment of the small intestine?

Ileum

Arrange the processes of digestion in the correct order:

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Compaction, Defecation

The process of compaction of ingested matter primarily takes place in which part of the alimentary canal?

Large intestine

Which of the following can be digested by enzymes secreted by the pancreas?

Lipids; proteins; carbohydrates; nucleic acids

What is the anatomical term for chewing?

Mastication

What is the anatomical term for the fan-shaped sheet of peritoneum that conveys blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics to the small intestine?

Mesentery of the small intestine

What is the term for the microscopic cell extensions that project from the surface of epithelial cells into the lumen of the small intestine?

Microvilli

Label the greater omentum

Mid-centre.

Which molecules are products of triglyceride digestion?

Monoglycerides; fatty acids

Arrange the phases of swallowing in the correct order:

Oral preparatory phase, Oral transit phase, Pharyngeal phase, Oesophageal phase

What is the term for part of the pharynx located immediately posterior to the buccal cavity?

Oropharynx

Which of the following does NOT participate in deglutition?

Palatine tonsils

Which of the following are extrinsic salivary glands?

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular

What is the anatomical term for the waves of rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles that propel food along the muscular tubes of the GI tract?

Peristalsis

In a healthy adult female, which of the following are functions of the liver?

Production of bile, Metabolise toxins, Store glycogen, Synthesis of plasma proteins

Match the digestive hormones with the cells that secrete them:

Secretin=S cells, Cholecystokinin=CCK cells, Histamine=Enterochromaffin cells, Gastrin=G cells, Gastric inhibitory peptide=K cells

Approximately 90% of all water reabsorption occurs in which part of the GI tract?

Small intestine

Which is the component of pancreatic juice that counters the acidity of the chime entering the duodenum?

Sodium bicarbonate

Enzymes present in saliva break down which molecules?

Starch, lipids

Which of the following are major actions of cholecystokinin?

Stimulate contraction of the gall bladder, Relaxing the hepatopancreatic ampulla sphincter, Stimulate secretion of pancreatic juice

Digestion of ingested protein normally occurs in which parts of the digestive system?

Stomach; small intestine

What is the anatomical term for the large, fan-shaped muscle on the lateral surface of the head that elevates and retracts the mandible?

Temporalis muscle

Which is the correct term for the longitudinal muscle fibres arranged as 3 thickenings along most of the length of the large intestine?

Teniae coli

Label the fundus of the stomach

Top

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic muscle of the tongue?

Transverse lingual muscle

Which of the following are secreted by the pancreas to the small intestine? (TACE)

Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Elastase, Amylase

What is the term for the waste substance produced in the liver by combining ammonia with carbon dioxide, which is transported to the kidneys for excretion?

Urea

Parasympathetic fibres that innervate the majority of the abdominal viscera are part of which nerve?

Vagus nerve

What is the anatomical term for the small blind-ended tube that opens into the caecum?

Vermiform appendix / appendix

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin B

Which of the following best describes the nutrients absorbed through the microvilli of the large intestine?

Water and salts