digestive system
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum is often performed using a 14 x 17- inch (35 x 43 cm) exposure field. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? a MSP b a sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column c a sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen d sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column
a
All of these projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area, except: a left lateral decubitus b PA axial c AP axial d lateral
a
At which plane is the central ray positioned for the PA oblique projections (LAO or RAO) of the large intestine? a a longitudinal plane 1 to 2 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side b a longitudinal plane directly over the vertebral column c a longitudinal plane 4 inches lateral to the midline of the body on the elevated side d MSP
a
Food and fluid should be withheld for how many hours before a stomach examination? a 8 b 12 c 4 d 2
a
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical? a asthenic b hyperstenic c sthenic d hyposthenic
a
How long is the entire alimentary canal? a 30 feet b 10 feet c 5 feet d 20 feet
a
How much lower should the IR be positioned when the upright position is used for projections of the stomach? a 3 to 6 inches b 1/2 to 1 inch c 2 to 2 1/2 inches d 4 to 5 inches
a
In which abdominal quadrant is the spleen located? a LUQ b RLQ c RUQ d LLQ
a
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the: a descending colon b right colic flexure c ascending colon d transverve colon
a
The contraction waves by which digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called: a peristalsis b respiration c deglutition d mastication
a
The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the large intestine is: a 35 to 45 b 15 to 30 c 20 to 30 d 10 to 20
a
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is ______ degrees. a 35 to 45 b 15 to 25 c 20 to 30 d 10 to 15
a
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the stomach will depend on the body habitus. The greatest degree of rotation would be used for which body habitus? a hypersthenic b asthenic c sthenic d hyposthenic
a
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to produce and secrete: a insulin b glucagon c bile d digestive juice
a
The large intestine is made up of a serious of pouches called the: a haustra b cecum c taeniae coli d rugae
a
The opening between the stomach and the small intestine is termed the pyloric: a orifice b canal c sphincter d antrum
a
The opening inside the duodenum where pancreatic enzymes and bile enter is called the: a greater duodenal papilla b pyloric portion c hepatopancreatic ampulla d duodenal bulb
a
The respiration phase for all projections of the large intestine is: a suspended respiration b inspiration c slow, shallow breathing d expiration
a
What is the central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine? a 30 to 40 degrees caudad b 10 to 20 degrees caudad c 10 to 20 degrees cephalad d 30 to 40 degrees cephalad
a
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? a 35 to 40 degrees b 20degrees c 20 to 30 degrees d 30 degrees
a
What is the recommended general body position for a radiographic series of the esophagus? a recumbent b trendelenburg c seated d upright
a
What percentage of the population will have a combination of sthenic and hyposthenic body habitus? a 85% b 50% c 60% d 75%
a
Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity? a opposite the second upper molar b in the floor of the mouth along the crest of the sublingual fold c opposite the second lower molar d in the floor of the mouth next to the frenulum
a
Where is the IR centered for delayed images of the small intestine? a Level of the iliac crests b at the costal margin/L3 c 2 inches above the iliac crests d 1 inch above the iliac crests
a
Which drug may be given to the patient before a double-contrast examination of the stomach to relax the gastrintestinal tract? a glucagon b demerol c oral chlorhydrate d heparin
a
Which of the following is not one of the salivary glands? a tonsil b sublingual c parotid d submandibular
a
Which of the following planes is centered to the grid for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? a a longitudinal plane midway between the vertebrae and the lateral border of the elevated side b a longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column c a longitudinal plane passing 4 inches to the left of the vertebral column d MSP
a
Which position is used for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? a 35 to 40 degree RAO b 25 to 30 degree RAO c 35 to 40 degree LAO d 25 to 30 degrees LAO
a
Which position will demonstrate the right colic flexure? a RAO b RPO c LPO
a
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and the lateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air? a AP, right lateral decubitus b AP, left lateral decubitus c AP oblique, LPO d AP oblique, RPO
a
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure? 1.right lateral 2. AP oblique, LPO 3. PA obique, RAO a 2 and 3 b 1,2 and 3 c 1 and 2 d 1 and 3
a
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely pccupied by the liver? a right hypochondrium and epigastrium b umbilical and left lateral c right lateral and umbilical d epigastrium and left hypochondrium
a
how much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? a 40 to 70 degrees b 30 to 60 degrees c 10 to 20 degrees d 15 to 45 degrees
a
the common bile duct and pancreatic duct usually unite to form the: a hepatopancreatic ampulla b pyloric portion c greater duodenal papilla d duodenal bulb
a
At which level is the IR centered for a PA projection of the stomach and duodenum? a L2/L3 b L1/L2 c T12/L1 d iliac crests
b
At which level is the IR centered for an AP or PA oblique stomach and duodenum? a L2/L3 b L1/L2 c L3/L4 d iliac crests
b
For which radiographic exams of the GI tract is "high-density" barium sulfate used? a single-contrast b double-contrast c enteroclysis d modified barium swallow
b
For which type of body habitus is the large intestine bunched together and positioned very low in the abdomen? a sthenic b asthenic c hyposthenic d hypersthenic
b
Four which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal? a hyposthenic b hypersthenic c sthenic d asthenic
b
Functions of the stomach include which of the following? a elimination of waste products b Chemical breakdown of food c absorption of nutrients
b
How many pairs of salivary glands are in the mouth? a five b three c two d four
b
One of the most important technical considerations in gastrointestinal radiography is: a production of a high-resolution image b elimination of motion c speed of the examination d production of high-contrast image
b
Radiographic examination f the salivary glands using contrast medium is called: a angiography b sialography c parotitis d sialostenosis
b
The central-ray angulation for the AP axial projection of the large intestine is: a 10 to 20 degrees caudad b 30 to 40 degrees cephalad c 30 to 40 degrees caudad d 10 to 20 degrees cephalad
b
The degree of body rotation for an AP oblique stomach radiographic images ranges from _____ degrees. a 20 to 30 degrees b 30 to 60 degrees c 40 to 50 degrees d 30 to 40 degrees
b
The general term used to describe the surgical procedure of forming an artificial opening to the intestine for the passage of fecal material is: a colostomy b enterostomy c enterotomy d enterectomy
b
The jejunum and ileum are attached to the posterior wall of the abdomen by the: a psoas muscle b mesentery c iliacus muscle d haustra
b
The largest gland in the body is the: a pancreas b liver c duodenum d spleen
b
The muscle controlling the opening between the stomach and the duodenum is termed the: a ileocecal valve b pyloric sphincter c pyloric antrum d pylorus
b
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the: a ampula of Vater b ileocecal valve c pyloric valve d greater duodenal papilla
b
The patient preparation for a small intestine examination is food and fluid withheld; a for 24 hours b after the evening meal and no breakfest c for 12 hours d after the evening meal
b
The puchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon is the: a sigmoid colon b cecum c vermiform appendix d rectum
b
The two vessels that supply blood to the liver are the: a portal artery and hepatic vein b portal vein and hepatic artery c cystic vein and portal artery c portal vein and cystic artery
b
The wall of the colon is composed of how many layers? a 2 b 4 c 1 d 3
b
The widest portion of the small bowel is the: a jejunum b duodenum c sigmoid d ileum
b
Where does the submandibular duct open into the oral cavity? a opposite the second lower molar b in the floor of the mouth next to the frenulum c opposite the second upper molar d in the floor of the mouth along the crest of the sublingual fold
b
Where is the IR centered on sthenic patients for the double-contrast images of the large intestine? a 2 inches above the iliac crests b iliac crests c costal margin d 2 inches below the iliac crest
b
Which methods are used to administer barium for a radiographic examination of the small intestine? 1. by mouth 2. reflux filling 3. enteroclsis a 1 and 2 b 1,2 and 3 c 1 and 3 d 2 and 3
b
Which of the following best describes the administration of barium for an esophagram being performed for esophageal varices? a swallow the barium, exhale b exhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out c inhale, swallow the barium, hold breath out d swallow the barium, inhale
b
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen? 1. produces glucagon 2. produces lymphocytes 3. stores and removes dead red blood cells a 1 and 2 b 2 and 3 c 1 and 3 d 1,2 and 3
b
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach? a PA oblique, RAO b AP oblique, LPO c PA oblique, LAO d PA
b
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile? a AP oblique, RPO b PA oblique, RAO c PA d AP oblique, LPO
b
Which salivary gland is located on the floor of the mouth? a paroitd b submandibular and sublingual c sublingual d submandibular
b
Which structure is air-filled on double-contrast images of the stomach obtained in the PA oblique projection, RAO position? a duodenal loop b fundus c body d pylorus
b
Which two are compinents of the alimentary cancal? (select all that apply) a liver b pharynx c pancreas
b
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed: a hepatorrhaphy b hepatography c cholangiography d cholecystography
c
During an operative cholangiogram, the surgeon injects the contrast medium directly into the billiary system. Which of the following projections are typically done during this procedure in surgery? 1. AP 2. AP oblique, RPO 3. AP oblique, LPo a 2 and 3 b 1 and 3 c 1 and 2 d 1,2 and 3
c
In which position should the patient be placed to insert the enema tip for a barium enema? a right lateral b lithotomy c sims d trendelenburg
c
Inflation of the retention balloon for a barium enema should be inflated by the: a radiographer using fluoroscopy b radiologist without fluoroscopy c radiologist using fluoroscopy d radiogrpaher without fluoroscopy
c
Methods of radiographically examining the colon include: 1. enteroclysis 2. single-contrast 3.double-contrast a 1 and 3 b 1 and 2 c 2 and 3 d 1,2 and3
c
The PA projection of the stomach best demonstrates the : a duodenal bulb b anterior aspect c stomach contour and duofenal bulb d fundus
c
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the: a duodenojejunal flexure b left colic flexure c right colic flexure d sigmoid colon
c
The expanded portion of the terminal esophagus is called the: a esophagogastric junction b cardiac notch c cardiac antrum d abdominal esophagus
c
The folds of the thick inner lining of the stomach are termed the: a serous b submusous layer c rugae d mucous layer
c
The gallbladder functions to: a produce and secrete bile b break down toxins in the bloodstream c store and concentrate bile d regulate digestion of fatty acids
c
The hard palate is formed by the: a maxillae and vomer b ethmoid and palatine bone c maxillae and palatine bone d ethmoid and vomer
c
The main functions of the small bowel are ________ of food. 1. digestion 2. absorption 3. storage a 1 and 3 b 2 and 3 c 1 and 2 d 1,2 and 3
c
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the: a duodenum b jejunum c ileum d pylorus
c
The mucosa of the small intestine contains a series of fingerlike projections called: a rugae b haustra c villi d taeniae coli
c
The wall of the small intestine is composed of how many coats? a 3 b 5 c 4 d 2
c
What is the absolute maxiumum exposure time for images of the GI tract to avoid imaging peristaltic motion? a 0.05 second b 0.01 second c 0.5 second d 0.1 second
c
What is the average degree of body rotation for an AP oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? a 50 degrees b 60 degrees c 45 degrees d 55 degrees
c
Which examination requires the use of time markers on the images? a ERCP b large intestines c small intestines d stomach
c
Which of the following are advantages of using the double-contrast technique for examination of the stomach? 1. fewer images are required 2. small lesions are not obscured 3. the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized a 1, 2, and 3 b 1 and 3 c 2 and 3 d 1 and 2
c
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract? 1. air 2. barium sulfate 3. water-soluble iodinated solution a 1 and 3 b 2 and 3 c 1, 2 and 3 d 1 and 2
c
Which of the following is a function of the large intestine? a absorption of food b digestion of food c elimination of waste products
c
Which positions will best demonstrate the retrogastric portion of the duodenum and jejunum on an AP projection of the stomach? 1. supine 2. trendelenburg 3.standing a 2 and 3 b 1,2, and 3 c 1 and 2 d 1 and 3
c
Which projection is essential for examination of the small intestine? a lateral b oblique c PA
c
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? a lateral b AP axial c PA oblique, LAO d PA oblique, RAO
c
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the posterior portions of the colon? a lateral b AP oblique, LPO and RPO c lateral, ventral decubitus d AP, right lateral decubitsu
c
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces? a PA oblique, RAO b PA c lateral d AP oblique, LPO
c
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon? 1. PA oblique, LAO 2. AP oblique, RPO 3. left lateral a 1 and 3 b 1,2 and 3 c 1 and 2 d 2 and 3
c
how fare above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema? a 24 to 36 inches b 8 to 12 inches c 18 to 24 inches d 4 to 5 feet
c
which of the following is an advantages if using the rucumbent position for images of the esophagus? a easier to swallow barium b demonstraion of hiatal hernia c varices better filled contrast
c
A PA projection of the stomach and duodenum can be performed using a 10 x 12- inch (24x30cm) exposure field. Which of the following describes the plane that is centered to the grid for this projection? a sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the right of the vertebral column b midsagittal plane c sagittal plane passing 4 inches to the let of the vertebral column d sagittal plane passing halfway between the midline and the lateral border of the abdomen
d
All of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series, except: a lateral b PA oblique c AP d AP axial oblique
d
At what level is the center of the IR positioned for a lateral projection of the rectosigmoid area? a 2 inches below the iliac crests b iliac crests c 2 inches above the iliac crests d ASIS
d
For all projections of the esophagus, the top pr the IR is positioned at: a the level of the eyes b T5 c C7 d the level of the mouth
d
How far is the enema tip inserted into the rectum for a colon examination? a no more than 2 inches b no more than 5 inches c no more than 3 inches d no more than 4 inches
d
How long does it take barium to go through the alimentary canal and reach the rectum? a 48 hours b 12 hours c 36 hours d 24 hours
d
The entire colon is best demonstrated in which projection? a lateral b PA axial c PA oblique d PA and AP
d
The esophagus joins the stomach through an opening called the: a pyloric orifice b cardiac sphincter c pyloric sphincter d cardiac orifice
d
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is: a water-soluble iodine b air c carbon dioxide d barium sulfate
d
The patient "prep" for a morning stomach examination is food and fluid are withheld: a for 24 hours b after the evening meal c for 12 hours d after midnight
d
The salivary glands produce how much saliva each day? a 1.5 L b 0.5 L c 0.25 L d 1 L
d
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions? a 4 b 8 c 5 d 3
d
The stomach wall is composed of how many layers? a 2 b 1 c 5 d 4
d
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the: a ileum b ascending colon c sigmoid d cecum
d
The wall of the esophagus is composed of hoe many layers of tissue? a 3 b 2 c 1 d 4
d
What is the length of the average adult small intestine? a 20 feet b 10 feet c 12 feet d 22 feet
d
What is the length of the large intestine? a 8 feet b 3 feet c 7 feet d 5 feet
d
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of the esophagus? a AP, LAO b AP, LPO c PA, LAO d PA, RAO
d
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures off the stomach and intestines? a slow, shallow breathing b inspiration c suspended respiration d expiration
d
Where is the IR centered for all decubitus projections of the large intestine? a 2 inches below iliac crests b costal margin c 2 inches above iliac crests d iliac crests
d
Where is the IR centered for images of the small intestine that are taken within 30 minutes of drinking the barium? a at the costal margin/L3 b 1 inch above the iliac crests c level of the iliac crest d 2 inches above the iliac crests
d
Which are essential oblique projection of the stomach and duodenum? 1.AP projection, LPO 2. PA projection, RAO 3.PA projection, LAO a 1 and 3 b 2 and 3 c 1,2 and 3 d 1 and 2
d
Which of the following planes is positioned to the center of the grid for the lateral projection of the stomach and duodenum? a a coronal plane passing 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane b MCP c coronal plane passing 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane d a plane passing midway between the midcoronal plane and the anterior surface of the abdomen
d
Which plane is centered to the grid for a lateral projection of the large intestine? a a longitudinal plane 2 inches anterior to the median coronal plane b MSP c a longitudinal plane 2 inches posterior to the median coronal plane d MCP
d
Which projection is used for images made during defecography? a AP, decubitis positon b AP axial c AP d lateral
d
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon? a PA oblique, LAO b PA axial c AP axial d PA oblique, RAO
d
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and the medial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air? a AP oblique, LPO b AP oblique, RPO c Ap, right lateral decubitus d AP, left lateral decubitus
d
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure? a PA axial b PA oblique, LAO c AP axial d PA oblique, RAO
d
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation? a PA b AP c AP, R lateral decubitus d AP, trendelenburg position
d
Which salivary glands are the largest? a submandibular and sublingual are equal in size b submandibular c sublingual d parotid
d
