Digestive System

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mucosa

lines digestive tract that secretes mucus

serosa

lines inner surfaces, pathway for blood vessels

Most of the digestive tract is lined by

simple columnar epithelium

gastric pits

small openings in the surface of the mucous membrane

defacation reflex

-peristaltic movements in large intestine poop out poop by receptors in rectal walls -rectal wall receptors stimulate neurons in spinal cord

pancreatic juice is an

alkaline fluid

mucous cells secrete

alkaline mucus; covers and protects epithelial cells

gastric phase

begins with arrival of food and stimulates stomach

pharyngeal phase

bolus comes in contact with sensory receptors

esophageal phase

bolus enters esophagus

Salivary amylase functions to digest

carbohydrates

Regions of the small intestine include all of the following except

cecum

Major regions of the large intestine include the

cecum, colon, and rectum

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine?

cecum, colon, rectum

Digestion refers to the

chemical breakdown of food

oral phase

compression of the bolus against the hard palate

submucosa

controls contraction of smooth muscle layers

intestinal phase

controls rate of gastric emptying when chyme enters small intestine

What are the 3 segments of the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Plicae and intestinal villi

increase the surface area of the mucosa of the small intestine

esophagitis

inflammation of esophagus caused by weakened or relaxed lower esophageal sphincter as acids enter the lower esophagus

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas; caused by blockage of the excretory ducts, bacterial/viral infections, ischema, drugs

6 processes of the digestive system

ingestion, mechanical, digestion, secretion, absorption, excretion

Functions of the stomach include

initiation of protein digestion, storage of recently ingested food, denaturation of proteins

parietal cells secrete

intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid; facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 and lowers the pH of gastric juice

segmentation

movements that churn and fragment digestive materials

chief cells secrete

pepsinogen; converts to pepsin

Waves of the muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another are called

peristalsis

cephalic phase

prepares stomach to receive food from senses

Which of the following is a major action of the large intestine?

reabsorb water

What are the 3 functions of the large intestine?

reabsorbs water, makes poop, absorbs vitamins, stores poop

gastric juice

secretion of the gastric pits

secretin stimulates

secretion of the pancreatic juice

Regional movements that occur in the small movement and function to churn and fragment the digestive materials are called

segmentations

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract EXCEPT one. Identify the exception.

spleen

The first place in which chemical digestion takes place is the

stomach

peristalsis

waves of muscular contractions that moves materials along the digestive tract


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