DM EAQs

a 9-year-old child with type 1 diabetes is prone to having hypoglycemic episodes in the morning. Which intervention would be included in the school nurse's plan of care for this child?

asking the child each day what was eaten for breakfast.

hypoglycemia S/S

fatigue, weakness [related to a decrease in glucose within the CNS] , nervousness, increased perspiration.

which intervention would the nurse prioritize when planning a teaching program for a child who was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes? (a) exploring the child's feelings about diabetes; (b) explaining how to calculate carbohydrate intake; (c) ensuring that the child learns to monitor blood glucose; (d) helping the child practice administering insulin injections.

(a) exploring the child's feelings about diabetes. key word: recently. Understanding the child's feelings about diabetes is essential in helping guide positive self-concept and discussing how to still be a normal child. If feelings are not addressed first, adherence to treatment is less likely.

who should check their blood sugar before each meal and snack?

ALL diabetic patients, regardless of type.

is confusion and drowsiness a hyperglycemia or a hypoglycemia symptom?

BOTH! confusion and drowsiness is seen in both hyper and hypoglycemia.

T/F: I can eat as much dietetic fruit as I want

False. Dietetic fruit is not sugar free and must be calculated in a diabetic individual's diet.

T/F diabetic clients should treat their own calluses, warts, or ingrown toenails

False. Podiatrist should do this to prevent trauma and skin breakdown.

which response would a nurse give to a client diagnosed with type 1 diabetes who states "I hate shots. Why can't I take the insulin in tablet form?"?

Insulin is poorly absorbed orally, so it is not available in a tablet. No such thing as oral insulin .

is nausea related to hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia?

Nausea is related to HYPERglycemia.

who may experience excessive hunger?

clients with diabetes mellitus

when determining the main difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the nurse recognizes which clinical presentation about type 1 diabetes?

complications are not present at the time of diagnosis

which finding would lead the nurse to recheck the blood glucose level of a diabetic client before administering a mealtime insulin dose?

confusion, drowsiness, diaphoresis, nervousness, and increased heart rate. [[hypoglycemia symptoms]]

does ketoacidosis cause increased or decreased urinary output? and why?

it causes increased urinary output due to osmosis diuresis.

how do corticosteroids cause inadequate wound healing?

because of anti-inflammatory response is depressed as a result of increased cortisol levels, the wounds of clients receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy tend to heal slowly. Another common finding is weight gain caused by fluid retention and alterations in fat, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism. Steroid diabetes might occur because of altered glucose metabolism and hypertension might occur as a result of sodium and fluid retention.

a client with type 2 diabetes travels frequently and asks how to plan meals during trips. which is the best response by the nurse?

choose the foods you normally do and follow your food plan wherever you are. According to an individual's needs, consistency and regularity in the food plan should be maintained; this is a basic principle of dietary management of diabetes.

peripheral vascular disease: pallor or rubor?

dependent rubor with pallor on elevation.

which physiological changes would the nurse expect to find in a client with a 20-year history of type 2 diabetes?

diabetic retinopathy (blurry, spotty, or hazy vision) is characterized by abnormal growth of new blood vessels in the retina.

what is glucose gel?

glucose gel delivers a measured amount of simple sugars to provide glucose to the blood for rapid action. Kept by Type 1 pts to treat insulin-induced hypoglycemia.

which complication of diabetes would the nurse assess for in a client with a long history of the disease?

leg ulcers, loss of visual acuity, prolonged capillary refill in the toes, and decreased sensation in the lower extremities.

what laboratory test is the best marker to detect patients with diabetes who are at risk for developing diabetic nephropathy [ex/ESKD]?

microalbuminuria test yearly.

which eye problem is the leading cause of blindness in clients with diabetes?

retinopathy.

the nurse is planning to teach an adolescent about diabetes and self-administration of insulin. which would the nurse complete first? (a) establish realistic goals; (b) assess the adolescent's intellectual ability; (c) determine what the adolescent knows about diabetes; (d) gather the equipment that will be needed for demonstration.

(c) determine what the adolescent knows about diabetes. Before developing and instituting a teaching plan, the nurse must assess the adolescent's attitudes, experience, knowledge, and understanding of the health problem. ASSESSMENT. ADPIE

which intervention would the nurse implement for a client who has type 1 diabetes and has an elevated blood glucose?

give supplemental doses of regular insulin.