Documenting Sources: APA Style

reference list entry for an article on a news website

*The author's name is the first element. *The publication date, including year, month, and day, should follow the author's name. *The title of the work should follow the publication date. The title of the work should be in italics. *The name of the website should follow the title of the work. The name of the site should not be in italics. *The URL should follow the name of the website.

Which of the following descriptions is true for an abstract in APA style?

*An abstract should introduce readers to your topic and main points. *Most scholarly journals require an abstract. *An abstract is a concise summary of a paper. *The abstract should go on the second page, with the word Abstract centered and in bold at the top of the page. *Unless specified otherwise, an abstract should generally be no more than 250 words.

abstract in APA style

The abstract should follow the title page.

Document emails, telephone conversations, personal interviews, personal letters, messages from nonarchived online discussion sources, and other personal texts as "personal communication," along with the person's initial(s), last name, and the date. You do not need to include such personal communications in your reference list.

Document emails, telephone conversations, personal interviews, personal letters, messages from nonarchived online discussion sources, and other personal texts as "personal communication," along with the person's initial(s), last name, and the date. You do not need to include such personal communications in your reference list.

When using APA style, for quotations of forty words or more

*Because a long quotation is set off from the text with an indent, no quotation marks are needed. *Long quotations should be indented half an inch from the left margin. *Unlike for a regular quotation, the page number(s) in parentheses go after the end punctuation.

abstract in APA style

Unless specified otherwise, should generally be no more than 250 words.

reference list entry for a newspaper article

*The author's name is the first element. *The publication date, including year, month, and day, should follow the author's name. *The title of the article should follow the publication date. *The title of the newspaper should follow the title of the article. *The page numbers should come last. If an article does not fall on consecutive pages, give all the page numbers, separated by commas.

If two or more works by the same author were published in different years, they should be listed chronologically in the reference list. If works were published in the same year, they should be listed alphabetically by the title (disregarding articles), adding "a," "b," and so on to the year. Following these rules, 2002a should come first.

If two or more works by the same author were published in different years, they should be listed chronologically in the reference list. If works were published in the same year, they should be listed alphabetically by the title (disregarding articles), adding "a," "b," and so on to the year. Following these rules, 2002a should come first.

If you document multiple works in the same parentheses, place the source information in alphabetical order.

If you document multiple works in the same parentheses, place the source information in alphabetical order.

When you cite a source that was quoted in another source, include information about the original source, the words "as cited in," and information about the source you used.

When you cite a source that was quoted in another source, include information about the original source, the words "as cited in," and information about the source you used.

reference list entry for a podcast episode

*The hosts' roles should be included after their names. In this case, Terry Gross is the host of this podcast. *The description of content—in this case, Audio podcast episode—should be indicated in brackets after the episode title.

A reference list entry for a government report would look like this:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Fourth national report on human exposure to environmental chemicals. US Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/fourthreport.pdf

abstract in APA style

Most scholarly journals require an abstract.

any elements of this reference list entry for a song that should be italicized

The title of the album should be italicized.

When an organization or government is the author, the organization should be acknowledged in either a signal phrase or in parentheses. If an organization name has a familiar abbreviation, give the full name and the abbreviation the first time you cite the source.

When an organization or government is the author, the organization should be acknowledged in either a signal phrase or in parentheses. If an organization name has a familiar abbreviation, give the full name and the abbreviation the first time you cite the source.

abstract in APA style

should introduce readers to your topic and main points.

a reference list entry for a report by a government agency

*An entry for a government report should include the title of the report. *An entry for a government report should include a report number if one is available; if not, omit it. *An entry for a government report should include the name of the department that published the document. If more than one department is listed as the publisher, list the most specific department as the author and the larger department as the publisher. *An entry for a government report should include a DOI or URL; use the DOI if one is available. *An entry for a government report should include the year of publication in parentheses. *An entry for a government report should include the publisher. If more than one government department is listed as the publisher, list the most specific department as the author and the larger department as the publisher.

reference list entry for a paper presented at a conference

*The presenters' names are the first element in this reference list entry. *The year, month, and day range of the conference should follow the presenters' names. *The title of the paper should follow the year of publication. *The type of presentation should follow the title. *The name of the conference should follow the type of presentation. *The city, state, and country of the conference should follow the name of the conference. *The URL should come last.

the elements of this citation for an edited collection

*When you are citing an edited collection of works as a whole, the editors' last names and first and middle initials should be the first element in the reference list entry. Indicate that these contributors are the editors by including (Eds.). *The year of publication, enclosed in parentheses, should follow the editors' names. *The title of the book should appear in italics after the year of publication. *The edition and volume numbers should follow the title of the edited collection. *The publisher should come last.

reference list entry for a definition of epoxy

*The author or name of the publisher should be included first. *The year of publication should follow the name of the author or publisher. If there is no publication date, use n.d., which stands for "no date." *The title of the entry should follow the date. *The title of the reference book should follow the title of the entry. *For online content that is likely to change, include the month, day, and year when you retrieved it. The retrieval date should follow the title of the reference book. *The URL should come last.

reference list entry for a religious work

*Do not include an author for most religious works. The title of the religious work is the first element in the reference list entry. *The year of publication should follow the title of the religious work. *The name of the publisher should follow the year. *The URL should follow the name of the publisher. *If the date of original publication is known, include it at the end.

reference list entry for a chapter of an edited book

*The author should be included first. *The year of publication should follow the name of the author. *The title of the chapter should follow the date. *The names of the editors and their role should follow the title of the chapter. *The title of the book should follow the names of the editors. *The page numbers should follow the title of the book. *The publisher should follow the page numbers.

the elements of this reference list entry for a book with both an author (E. Pauline Johnson) and two editors (Carole Gerson and Veronica Strong-Boag) into the correct order

*The author's last name and first and middle initials are the first element in a reference list entry for a book. *The year of publication, enclosed in parentheses, should follow the author's name. *The title of the book should appear in italics after the year of publication. *The editors' names should follow the title of the book, enclosed in parentheses. Indicate their role by including Eds. *The publisher should come last.

the elements of this reference list entry for a book in a language other than English into the correct order.

*The author's last name and first and middle initials are the first element in the reference list entry. *The year of publication, enclosed in parentheses, should follow the author's name. *The title of the work should follow the year of publication. *The English translation of the title should follow the title of the work. *The publisher should come last.

elements of the reference list entry for a journal article

*The authors' names are the first element in a reference list entry. *The publication date should follow the authors' names. *The title of the article should follow the publication date. *The title of the journal should be italicized and follow the title of the article. *The volume and issue numbers of the journal should follow the title of the journal. *The page numbers should follow the volume and issue numbers. *The DOI should come last. (You should include a DOI for any work that has one, whether you accessed the article in print or online.)

reference list entry for this journal article

*The authors' names are the first element in a reference list entry. *The publication date should follow the authors' names. *The title of the article should follow the publication date. *The title of the journal should be italicized and follow the title of the article. *The volume and issue numbers of the journal should follow the title of the journal. *The page numbers should follow the volume and issue numbers. *The DOI should come last. You should include a DOI for any work that has one, whether you accessed the article in print or online.