Domain 2: Spine

How many pairs of the spinal nerves extend from the sides of the spinal cord?

31 pairs

What is the correct numerical order for the three different divisions of the movable vertebrae, respectively - cervical, thoracic, lumbar?

7, 12, 5

What percentage value of flexion occurs at the lumbosacral junction (L5-S1)?

75%

What would differentiate a cervical dislocation from a cervical fracture?

A cervical dislocation would involve the neck to be tilted toward the dislocated side with extreme muscle tightness, while the cervical fracture would not.

Which of the following statements about spinal nerves and the peripheral branches is incorrect? The sacral plexus is comprised of L4 - S4. A dermatome is the area of cutaneous sensory distribution. A myotome is a muscle innvervated by a single specific spinal nerve. The brachial plexus is comprised of C7 - T1. A plexus is a network of nerves.

A plexus is a network of nerves.

What are the muscles that are innervated by the femoral nerve?

Adductor brevis Gracilis Biceps femoris

What percentage do adolecents have of back injury?

Adolescents have a 70%-80% incidence of back pain before the age of 20 years.

Which of the following would be an inappropriate body structure to palpate during the palpation section of the spine?

Anterior superior iliac spines

What type of lesion is caused by an injury to one side of the spinal cord that results in loss of motor function, touch, vibration, and position sense on one side of the body?

Brown-sequard lesion

At what level of the vertebral column is a cervical fracture most likely to occur?

C4, C5, or C6

Which syndrome is caused by hemorrhage or ischemia in the central portion of the cord and results in complete quadriplegia with nonspecific sensory loss in sexual as well as bowel-bladder dysfunction?

Central cord syndrome

A football player complains of tenderness to the transverse and spinous processes of the neck that appeared the day following a game. What could be wrong with this player?

Cervical sprain

Hyperflexion of the trunk or falling from a height and landing on the feet or buttocks could cause which of the following?

Compression fracture

In the context of the treatment for a small protrusion of the nucleus pulposus, how often is traction usually applied to a patient?

Daily, five times per week, for two weeks

What should be ruled out before performing any special tests of the cervical spine?

Direct trauma to either the vertebrae or spinal cord

In the history section of a spine assessment, what would be considered an inappropriate question to ask the patient?

Do you have a low level of pain?

If a person has pain that increases after activity and is hesitant to perform forward bending, what could be wrong?

Either spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis

What factors can cause back anomalies?

Incomplete closure of the neural arch Atypical lumbosacral angles

In the context of cervical disk injuries, what is an action that is most likely to facilitate a stable, safe, and pain-free cervical posture during strenuous activity?

Instructing the patient on the importance of maintaining a neutral spine

A major ligament that joins the various vertebral structures is the ligament __________.

Interspinous

Which of the following statements is true of the movements of the lumbar region of the vertebral column?

It allows limited rotation.

Which of the following is an incorrect characteristic of the atlas vertebra? It sits below the axis vertebra. It has no body or spinous process. Its lateral masses are connected to the anterior and posterior arches. Its arches create a large enough opening to allow the medulla of the spinal cord to pass through. Its upper surfaces articulate with the occipital condyles.

It sits below the axis vertebra.

Spondylolisthesis most likely occurs at what vertebral segment?

L4-L5

Pain in the low back that is created in active extension and passive flexion is indicative of which of the following?

Low back muscle strain

The FADDIR test is utilized to check for what problem?

Lumbar strain

An abdominal brace or "drawing in" maneuver similar to a posterior tilt of the pelvis, which flattens the lumbar curve, is caused by a simultaneous co-contraction of the transversus abdominus and muscles.

Multifidus

In an occupational educational program for the prevention of spine injuries, what would be one of the most important factors to address?

Proper body mechanics

What are all of the special tests that can be performed to check for SI joint dysfunction in a patient?

SI joint compression SI joint distraction FABER/Patrick test Straight leg raising 70-90 degrees

A track athlete suffers from pain running up and down hills and notices that the pain radiates into the anterior thigh. Based on the signs and symptoms, he is most likely suffering from?

Sacroiliac sprain

What section of the spine is known as false vertebrae?

Sacrum and coccyx

If at the end of a physically active day a young patient complains of a backache and tight hamstrings and he has a noticeable kyphosis of the thorasic spine and lumbar lordosis, which of following identifies the condition?

Scheuermann's disease

When addressing myofascial pain syndrome, the piriformis is an important muscle to address because of its close proximity to what nerve?

Sciatic nerve

In the observation section of the assessment of the spine, which of the following is considered an appropriate action to perform?

Special attention should be paid to the low back, pelvis, and hips.

Spondylolisthesis is considered to be what complication?

Spondylolysis

An athlete who has previously suffered from brachial plexus neuropraxia and wishes to return to full activity must definitely have a negative

Spurling's test.

Which structure contains the longissimus column of muscles?

The erector spinae

Which structure, is formed by the ilia meeting anteriorly, has an interarticular disk with a synovium and is lubricated by synovial fluid?

The pubis symphysis

Which type of environment should be a part of the rehabilitation program for patients suffering from low back pain?

Their workplace environment

Brachial plexus neuropraxia occurs when the neck is:

forced laterally to the opposite side while the shoulder is depressed.

The sacroiliac is the junction formed by the sacrum and the:

ilium.