Doolittle---CA #7 Study Guide

As a cell prepares to divide during the cell cycle, DNA replication must take place. During the S-phase, DNA strands unwind and replication occurs along the 2 separated strands. What is the main purpose of DNA replication?

During DNA replication, copies of DNA are made so there is a continuous supply of DNA available for translation.

In order for protein synthesis to occur, both transcription and translation must occur. Which of the following statements describes the difference between transcription and translation? Group of answer choices

In transcription, the genetic code of a DNA molecule is transferred to a messenger RNA molecule. Translation is the process of producing an amino acid chain using that messenger RNA.

Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein? Group of answer choices

The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

A diagram of a cellular process is shown below.in between ran too protein. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?

Translation

Suppose the following point mutation occurred in the DNA. Will this mutation affect the protein resulting from this gene sequence?Original DNA sequence ATA TTA AAT GGC CCG CCC GGGMutated DNA sequence ATA TTA AAT GGC CAG CCC GGG

Yes, the 5th amino acid in the sequence has changed.

The process of DNA replication is shown in the diagram below.Which of the following best identifies the strand or strands of DNA that are identical to strand 1?

both strands 4 and strand 5

While most DNA replicates with fairly high accuracy, mistakes do happen, with polymerase enzymes sometimes inserting the wrong nucleotide or too many or too few nucleotides into a sequence. Which of the following results from an incorrect base pairing during DNA replication? Group of answer choices

mutated DNA strand

A mutation has occurred during the process of DNA replication.Which type of mutation has occurred in the complementary strand? Group of answer choices

point

The drawing below shows a cellular process during which an important biological molecule is being made.Which type of biological molecule is being made during this process? Group of answer choices

protein

The diagram below shows a strand of DNA before and after it was mutated. Which type of mutation does the DNA sequence show? Group of answer choices

substitution

Before a protein is made, mRNA must be copied from DNA.What is the name of the process shown above? Group of answer choices

transcripition

The genetic code links groups of nucleotides in an mRNA to amino acids in a protein. Which of the following peptide chains will be formed from the mRNA strand below. A - U - G - A - C - C - A - U - G - U - A - G - C - C - C

Met - Thr - Met

The process of copying DNA in human cells is very accurate, but mistakes do happen. Estimates of the mutation rate vary, but a 2011 study found that for every 85 million nucleotides assembled in DNA during human sperm or egg production, one will be a mistake--a mutation. Which of the following mutations would most likely be passed along to an organism's offspring? Group of answer choices

Mutations which occur in somatic cells during cell division.

During transcription the DNA base sequence is transcribed into a complementary mRNA sequence. A codon table like the one shown below lists the amino acids coded for by particular triads of mRNA bases. A segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which one nucleotide has been changed. The original sequence was ACG and the new sequence is ACA. Use the codon table to determine whether or not this mutation will cause a change in the phenotype of the organism.

No, even though the DNA sequence changed, the sequence still codes for the same amino acid, so no change in phenotype will occur.

In translation, the cell uses the genetic information contained in mRNA to make the proteins that carry out the cell's work.DNA- 3' TAGCCTGAGTCCAGT 5'Which of the following correctly identifies the tRNA anticodon for the first amino acid coded for with the DNA sequence shown above? Group of answer choices

AUC

A template strand of DNA has the following sequence:TAC GGA TAA CTA CCG GGT ATT CAAWhat will be the resulting strand if transcription of this DNA occurs? Group of answer choices

AUG CCU AUU GAU GGC CCA UAA GUU

One characteristic of all living things is that they have genetic information. They also share the "language" needed to interpret that genetic information. Why is this information universal to all organisms?

All organisms use the same code to translate amino acids into proteins.

During the process of DNA replication, the nitrogen bases pair in a specific way. Which of the following accurately depicts the synthesized DNA during replication?

A - A - A - T - C - GT - T - T - A - G - C

The diagram shows the base sequence of a strand of DNA. TGAAC From left to right, which is the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA in this molecule? Group of answer choices

A - C - T - T - G

Base your answer to the following question on the structures represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures?

DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell