Dr. Crider HIST 2300 Exam 2 Review

Zip Coon

Define: A song. HS: Brought African-American people together.

William Miller

Define: American Baptist minister HS: Began a North American religious movement known as Millerism.

Charles Finney

Define: American Presbyterian minister and leader in the Second Great Awakening in the United States. HS: made revivals a standard feature of the American religious landscape.

Ellen G. White

Define: American author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. HS: made a significant contribution to the health reform movement in 19th-century America.

Nicholas Biddle

Define: American financier who served as the third and last president of the Second Bank of the United States. HS: made it the first effective central bank in U.S. history.

Henry Clay

Define: American lawyer and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. HS: helped guide a fragile Union through several critical impasses.

Billy the Kid

Define: American outlaw and gunfighter of the Old West. HS: Alleged to have killed 21 men.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Define: American writer and activist who was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S. during the mid- to late-19th century. HS: organizing the first Woman's Rights Convention

Election of 1828

Define: Andrew Jackson was elected president. HS: development of a two-party system.

Petticoat Affair

Define: Andrew Jackson's first presidential campaign failed because of his wife's reputation. HS: led to the resignation of all but one Cabinet member.

Alexis de Tocqueville

Define: French aristocrat, diplomat, political scientist, political philosopher and historian. HS: the reflection on equality and freedom known as Democracy in America.

Election of 1824

Define: John Quincy Adams defeated Andrew Jackson HS: marked the final collapse of the Republican-Federalist political framework.

Jennings v. Third Ave Railroad

Define: Jury trial which was in response to Elizabeth Jennings being thrown of a street car HS: Led to desegregation of all New York City transit systems.

Jim Crow

Define: Laws passed from Reconstruction in 1877. HS: Legalize the marginalization of African Americans.

John C. Calhoun

Define: Senate's most prominent states' rights advocate HS: his doctrine of nullification professed that individual states had a right to reject federal policies that they deemed unconstitutional.

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Define: Treaty signed on February 2nd, 1848. HS: ended the war between the United States and Mexico.

Alexander Campbell

Define: Ulster-Scots immigrant who became an ordained minister in the United States HS: one of the principal founders of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).

Congregationalism

Define: a system of organization among Christian churches whereby individual local churches are largely self-governing. HS: Influenced the First and Second Great Awakenings and were early promoters of the missionary movement of the 19th century.

Declaration of Sentiments

Define: all men and women are created equal HS: Started the women's rights movement.

Whig Party

Define: colonists supporting independence. HS: promoted protective tariffs, federal funding for internal improvements, and other measures that strengthened the central government.

Artisan Republicanism

Define: distinguished small producers who owned their own businesses, thus making them "independent".

Nat Turner

Define: enslaved Black man. HS: led a group of Black people in a revolt against slavery.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Define: federally funded venture to explore the North American West. HS: mapped uncharted land, rivers, and mountains.

Second Great Awakening

Define: filled Americans with a sense that they were important in the world and that they needed to work to make the world a better place HS: It resulted in prison reform, church reform, the temperance movement, women's right movement, and the abolitionist movement.

gradual abolitionism

Define: first extensive abolition legislation in the western hemisphere. HS: emancipated enslaved people without making slavery immediately illegal.

Seneca Falls Convention

Define: first women's rights convention in the United States. HS: launched the women's suffrage movement.

Manifest Destiny

Define: idea that white Americans were divinely ordained to settle the entire continent of North America. HS: inspired a variety of measures designed to remove or destroy the native population.

Nullification

Define: individual states can invalidate federal laws or judicial decisions they deem unconstitutional. HS: first time tensions between state and federal authority almost led to a civil war.

Nathaniel J. Wyatt

Define: inventor and businessman in Boston, Massachusetts. HS: Created the plastic soda bottle.

Outwork System

Define: involved the distribution of raw materials by store owners to New England farm families who used the raw materials to make finished products in their homes. HS: important development in the history of labor and production.

Cora Montgomery

Define: journalist, author, promoter, and unofficial diplomat. HS: first female war correspondent in American history.

Major Steven Long

Define: leader of the first scientific exploration up the Platte. HS: Explored central Great Plains.

Temperance

Define: movement to limit drinking in the United States. HS: outlawed the production and sale of alcohol in the U.S. Prohibition remained in effect until the Twenty-First Amendment in 1933.

Dissident Resister

Define: people who disagreed with certain features of Soviet ideology. HS: Led to dissident movement.

Sambo

Define: person of African and Native American ancestry. HS: Name for black people.

Know Nothings

Define: political movement in the United States in the mid-1850s. HS: combat foreign influences and to uphold and promote traditional American ways.

Free Soil Party

Define: political party in the pre-Civil War period HS: opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories.

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

Define: protest against the Tariff of 1828 HS: Calhoun was replaced as Jackson's running mate in the 1832 election by Martin Van Buren.

Union Pacific/Central Pacific Railroads

Define: rail company chartered by U.S. Congress in 1862 to build a railroad eastwards from Sacramento, California. HS: signaled the linking of the continent.

Tariff of Abominations (1828)

Define: raised taxes on imported manufactures so as to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing. HS: Southerners argued that it enhanced interests of Northern manufacturing industry at their expense.

Mechanics

Define: skilled workers who built tools. HS: Allowed for carpenters, brick layers, painters, plasterers, plumbers and even blacksmiths.

Corps of Discovery Expedition

Define: study the area's plants, animal life, and geography, and to learn how the Louisiana Purchase could be exploited economically. HS: It altered the imperial struggle for the control of North America

Cult of Domesticity

Define: system of cultural beliefs or ideals in the 19th century that governed gender roles in upper- and middle-class society. HS: created a new idea about the role of women in society.

Trail of Tears

Define: the forced westward migration of American Indian tribes from the South and Southeast. HS: removed the Cherokee, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes from their ancestral lands

Second Bank of the United States

Define: the most powerful bank in the nation. HS: gave the country a more stable national currency.

The Liberator

Define: the most widely circulated anti-slavery newspaper during the antebellum period and throughout the Civil War. HS: served as a major platform to attack slavery and its supporters, inspire action, and promote equal rights for all.

Code of the West

Define: unwritten, socially agreed upon set of informal laws shaping the cowboy culture of the Old West. HS: hardy pioneers who lived in the West felt bound by these unwritten rules.

Monroe Doctrine

Define: warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. HS: prevent European powers from establishing colonies or any new presence in the Western Hemisphere.

Battle of San Jacinto (April 21st, 1836)

Define: was the final and decisive battle of the Texas Revolution. HS: gave Texas its independence from Mexico