Driver Ed Chapter 6 Performing Basic Vehicle Maneuvers

2. How do you use hand signals correctly and when should you use them? (111)

Develop the habit of signaling every time you plan to turn, change lanes, slow, or stop. If your turn signal device does not work, use hand signals. When using hand signals, use your right hand to maintain steering control. Make al hand and arm signals well in advance of entering a turn. Return your left hand to the steering wheel before you begin to execute the turn

6. How do you back left and right? (115)

When backing to the left, your visual search will be primarily over your left shoulder through the left side windows. When backing right, you will look over your right shoulder and through the right side windows.

4. Whatishand-over-handsteering?(113)

You use hand-over-hand steering by pulling the steering wheel down with one hand while your other hand crosses over to pull the wheel farther down

3. What are the proper steps for changing lanes? (112)

1. Check traffic in the front and left-front zones. Check rear zones through the rearview mirrors. 2. Signal and make a blind-spot check over your left shoulder to see if any vehicle is about to pass you. 3. Increase y o u speed slightly as you steer smoothly into the next lane if it is clear. 4. Cancel your signal and adjust your speed

5. What are the steps for making right and left turns? (114)

1. Position your vehicle in the cor- rect lane for the turn. For a right turn, be in lane position 3 if there are no parked vehicles. For a left turn, be in the lane nearest the center line in lane position 2. (On a one-way street, be in the far left lane.) Signal about half a block before the turn. 2. Brake early to reduce speed. 3. Use your visual search pattern to check the front zones for vehi- cles, pedestrians, and bicyclists. 4. Slow to about 10 mph just before the crosswalk. 5. For a right turn, check to the left again before turning. Then look in the direction of the turn. Begin turning the wheel when your vehicle's front bumper is even with the curbline. 6. For a kft P r n , check traffic to the litithen right, then left again. Turn the steering wheel just before the front of your vehicle reaches the center of the intersection. Continue looking left into the lane you will enter. 7. As you begin your turn,make a quick blind-spot check through the right side window. Check front and rear zones. If the intersection is dear, turn into the nearest lane of tr&c going in your direction. Accelerate about halfway through the turn as you return the wheel to the straight-ahead position.

1. How do you steer straight forward and back- ward?(110)

1. To steer forward: Use a comfortable, balanced hand position, as explained in Chapter 3, as you begin steering control practice. Aim far ahead into your intended path with your visual search. Avoid I looking down at your hands or feet. To steer back: 1. Hold the brake pedal down and shift to REVERSE. 2. Turn your body to the right, and put your right arm over the back of the passenger seat. Look back through the rear window. 3. Put your left hand at the top of the steering wheel at the 12 o'clock position. 4. Release pressure on the brake just enough to allow the vehicle to creep backward slowly. 5. While looking back through the rear window, move the top of the steering wheel toward the direction you want the back of the vehicle to go. 6 . Keep your foot over the brake pedal while your vehicle is moving backward. Glance quid to the front and sides to check traffic. Continue to look back through the rear window as you brake to a stop.

8. What are reference points and how do you use them as guides when parking your vehicle? (119)

A reference point is some part of the outside or inside of the vehicle, as viewed from the driver's seat, that relates to some part of the road- way. Reference points can be developed for the front, side, or rear to help you know where your vehicle is located in the roadway. As you begin to practice parking maneuvers, you will learn which parts of your vehicle to use as personal reference points. You will be able to line up these points with parts of other vehicles to help execute the maneuvers. The following parking procedures refer to entering a parking space to your right.

11. How do you start from an uphill parking space without rolling backwards? (123-124)

11. Using Automatic Transmission One method for starting on a hill without rolling back involves using the parking brake. Follow these steps when using this method: 1. While holding the foot brake down, set the parking brake firmly. 2. Move your foot to the accelerator, and accelerate until you feel the engine start to pull. 3. Release the parking brake as you continue to accelerate. A second method for starting on a huia involves using only the foot brake. 1. Hold the foot brake down with your left foot. 2. While still holding the foot brake with your left foot, accelerate gradually until the engine starts to pull. 3. Release the foot brake gently as you increase acceleration to move forward. Using a Stick shift One method for starting on a hill in a stick shift vehicle involves the use of the parking brake. Follow these steps in a stick shift vehicle: 1. Be sure the parking brake is set. Shift to FIRST. 2. Use one hand to hold the steering wheel. Hold the parking brake release with the other hand. 3. Accelerate to a fast idle. Let the clutch out to the friction point. 4. Release the parking brake slowly when you feel the engine begin r to pull. 5.Increase pressure on the accelerator, and let the clutch all the way up as your vehicle begins to move forward. Completely release the parking brake. You might be able to coordinate the clutch and accelerator to move forward without using the parking brake. Follow these steps: 1. Shift to FIRST while stopped. 2. Keep the foot brake down while releasing the clutch slowly, just to the friction point. 3. Move your right foot quickly from the foot brake to the accelerator. Accelerate gently. 4. Release the clutch smoothly, and accelerate gradually.

9. What are the procedures for angle, perpendic- ular, and parallel parking? (120-122)

Angle Parking 1. Check for traffic and pedestrians. Position your vehicle at least six feet from the row of parked vehicles. Signal a right turn, check traffic to the rear, and begin braking. 2. Flash your brake lights to warn drivers behind. Check your right blind spot and continue braking. 3. Creep forward until you can see the center of the space without your line of sight cutting across the parking line. This is your reference point to begin turning. Turn the wheels sharply to the right. Slowly enter the stall. 4. Straighten the wheels when you are centered in the space. Deter- mine your forward reference point to place the front of the bumper even with the curb or line Perpendicular Parking 1. Position your vehicle at least eight feet from the row of parked vehicles, or as far to the left of the lane as possible. Flash your brake lights and signal a right turn. Check your right blind spot, and begin to brake. 2. Check traffic to the rear, and continue braking. 3. Determine your personal reference point to know when the front bumper of your vehicle passes the left rear taillight of the vehicle to the right of the empty parking space. Turn the wheel sharply right. Slowly enter the stall. Check your right-rear fender for clearance. 4. Straighten the wheels when you are centered in the space. Use a forward reference point, like the driver's sideview mirror, to stop before the wheels strike the curb. Some drivers prefer backing into a perpendicular parking space. These drivers consider this a safer maneuver because they do not back out into traffic when leaving the Space. Parallel Parklng 1. Flash brake lights, and signal a right turn. Stop two to three feet away from the front vehicle with the two rear bumpers even. Shift to REVERSE. Check traffic. Look back over your right shoulder. Back slowly as you turn right. Aim toward the right rear corner of the space. Control speed with your foot brake (clutch at friction point in a stick shift vehicle). 2. When the back of your seat is even with the rear bumper of the front vehicle, straighten the wheels. Determine your personal reference point for this position. Slowly back straight. Look over your shoulder, through the rear window. 3. When your front bumper is even with the front vehicle's back bumper, turn your wheels sharply left. Back slowly. Look out the rear window. 4. When your vehicle is parallel to the curb, straighten wheels and stop before you touch the vehicle behind. Develop reference points

7. How do you execute the five turnabout maneuvers, and which is the safest to use? (116-1 18)

Midblock U-turn I. Check traffic ahead and to the rear, and then signal right. Pull to the far right and stop at lopcation1. 2. Signal left and move toward location 2. 3. Check your front and left-rear zones. Check your left blind spot. Turn sharply left while moving slowly toward location 3. Do not stop if you have enough space to complete the turn 4. Move slowly toward location 4. Check all zones. Straighten the wheels while you accelerate gently into the proper lane. Back into Driveway on Right Side 1. Check traffic to the rear. Begin to slow as you proceed beyond the driveway. 2. Stop about three feet from the curb and with your rear bumper just beyond the driveway. Check traffic, and back slowly to the right to location 3. Use hand-over-hand steering. Stop when your vehicle is completely off the street. 3. Signal a left turn. Check traffic. 4. When your path is clear, drive forward to location 4. Pull into Driveway on Left Side 1. Check traffic in front and rear zones. Signal a left turn and use the left-turn procedure to move to location 2. Stay as close to the right side as possible. Stop with your wheels straight when your vehicle is completely off the street. 2. Check traffic again, especially from the right. Back slowly to the right to location 3. Look to the right rear and side while backing. Stop with the wheels straight. 3. Accelerate gently, scanning all zones, as you drive forward toward location 4. Pull into Driveway on Right Side 1. Check traffic in front and rear zones. Signal a right turn and use the right-turn procedure to move to location 2. Stop when your vehicle is off the street. 2. Check traffic again from both directions. Back slowly across the street, turning left toward location 3. Look to the left, rear, and side when backing. Glance to the front, then continue looking back while stopping with the wheels straight in location 3. 3. Accelerate gently, and drive forward to location 4 Three-Point Turnabout 1.From location 1 check front and rear zones. Signal right and stop close to the curb as shown in location 2. Check traffic ahead, to the rear, and over your left shoulder. Signal a left turn. 2.Search front and rear zones as you turn sharply left. Move to location 3 with wheels straight. Stop before hitting the curb. 3.Check all traffic again. Turn the wheels sharply right while backing slowly to location 4. Back only as far as necessary to com- plete the maneuver and before hitting the curb. Stop with wheels straight. 4.Check traffic again and signal left. Move slowly forward while steering left toward location 5. Deciding Which turnabout to Use amount of traffic types of driveways available need to enter traffic lanes forward or backward ample space to enter traffic number of traffic lanes to cross Backing into a driveway or alley on the right side is usually the safest type of turnabout to use because you can enter traffic forward. Sometimes you might need to make a turnabout in light traffic. If there are driveways on both the left and right sides, choose the left drive- way to turn into. This turnabout lets you back into your own lane rather than across both lanes. Select a gap in traffic that gives you ample time to complete the maneuver. A three-point turnabout should rarely be used. Use this turnabout only when you are on a dead-end street or on a rural roadway with no driveways.

10. How do you park uphill and downhill with and without a curb? (122-123)

Uphill Parking with a Curb 1. Using personal reference points, position your vehicle close to the curb. Just before stopping, turn the steering wheel sharply left as shown in the first picture on the opposite page. 2. Shift to NEUTRAL. Let the vehicle creep back slowly until the back of the right-front tire gently touches the curb. 3. Shift to PARK (FIRST in a stick- shift), and set the parking brake. 4. When leaving the parking space, signal, check traffic, and accelerate gently into the lane of traffic, Uphill Parking with No Curb 1. Pull as far off the roadway as possible. Just before you stop, turn the steering wheel sharply right, as in the second picture. 2. Shift to PARK (First in a stick- shift), and set the parking brake. 3. When leaving the parking space, let the vehicle creep backward while straightening the wheels. Signal and check traffic. Shift to DRIW (FIRSTinastickshift),and accelerate!gentlyinto traffic. Downhill Parking with a Curb 1. Position your vehicle close to the curb and stop. 2. Let the vehicle creep forward slowly while turning the steering wheel sharply right, as in the third picture. Let the right-front tire rest gently against the curb. Shift to PARK (Reverse in a stick- shift), and set the parking brake. When leaving the parking space, check traffic and back a short distance while straightening the wheels. Signal and check traffic again. Shift to DRIVE(First in a stick shift), and accelerate into traffic. Downhill Parking with No Curb Follow the same procedure as down- hill parking with a curb. Turn wheels sharply right as you creep as near to the shoulder as possible. Note this position in the fourth picture. Use the same steps for parking downhill with a curb to complete the maneuver and to leave the parking space. When you leave any hilly parking space, make sure you have a big enough gap to enter traffic safely. Traffic coming down the hill may be approaching faster than you think it is.