Drug Ed Block 3

Identify an accurate statement about cocaine and amphetamines.

they are powerfully reinforcing

Most users of powdered cocaine _____ the drug.

sniff

Scholars in the seventies and early eighties reflected a widespread view that cocaine was _____.

not a terribly dangerous drug if snorted in powdered form and taken in moderation

According to Norman Zinberg, values, rules, and sanctions _____.

operate to compartmentalize drug use

The term "_____" refers to psychoactive, addicting, mind-clouding drugs with a strong analgesic or pain-killing property.

opiate

Identify a true statement about amphetamines.

Currently, amphetamines have very few widely accepted medical uses.

During World War II, substantial numbers of American, Japanese, and German soldiers were issued _____ to make them more effective and alert fighting machines.

benzedrine

Indians living in the Andes Mountains of South America _____ to offset fatigue and hunger, and they can work long hours without stopping as a result of the drug's effects.

chew the leaves of the coca bush

In the world of narcotics use, the term _____ means to fool around or play around with heroin, to use it once in a while or somewhat more often without getting hooked.

chipping

According to Johanson, if experimental animals receive _____ as a result of engaging in an activity, like pushing a bar, and the researchers then discontinue administering the drug, these animals will continue engaging in that previously rewarded activity—thousands of times an hour—at a higher rate and for a longer period of time than will animals deprived of any other drug they've previous self-administered.

cocaine

If researchers administer _____ to subjects without their knowledge of what they have been given, in comparison with other drugs, the subjects enjoy the effects of this drug and are most likely to say that they want to take it again.

cocaine

Laboratory animals will give up food, sex, and water for self-administered doses of _____, and they will even starve themselves to death to continue receiving the drug instead of food.

cocaine

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's (UNODC's) yearly report, the World Drug Report, concludes that the violence associated specifically with the trade of _____ can be tantamount to civil war in the worst affected areas.

cocaine

Which of the following drugs, according to Grinspoon and Bakalar, has the greatest immediate sensual appeal?

cocaine

_____ is one of the factors that contributed to decreased amounts of cocaine being transported to the United States.

cocaine flow to non-US markets

It is difficult to treat heroin addiction because addicts _____.

have alternative definitions of reality

Which of the following drugs is classified as a semisynthetic opioid?

heroin

Ronald Siegel's most remarkable finding was _____.

how closely method of consumption and quantity of use were related

An accurate statement about crack is that it is _____.

impure by its very nature

In 1898, Bayer patented and marketed heroin as a _____ substitute as well as a cough suppressant.

non-addicting morphine

For the foreseeable future, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) speculates that _____ will remain the most popular and widely used illicit drug.

marijuana and other cannabis products

Which of the following drug businesses most closely conforms to the pure agricultural model of drug distribution?

marijuana trade

Ronald Siegel, a psychologist who conducted an 8-year study of cocaine users, states that _____.

most social-recreational users do not change their long-term pattern of cocaine use and do not appear to develop toxic crisis reactions

One of the qualities of narcotics is that they are _____, which means that they induce drowsiness, mental clouding, lethargy, even sleep.

soporific

Which of the following will be the consequence of illicit drugs being made legal in the Unites States?

the drugs would become incredibly cheap

Both heroin addicts and marijuana smokers employ the term straight to describe _____ states, but the term refers to precisely the opposite states for these two drug users.

pharmacological

In the context of the origin, quality, availability, price, and usage of cocaine, in 2001, a research group called the Abt Associates estimated that the _____.

price of a gram of cocaine in 1981, at less-than-gram-level purchase, declined from $423 nationwide to $211.70

Another feature of heavy amphetamine use is the development of certain behavioral fixations, which are repeated over and over again, such as picking at bits of dust in a rug or spending a whole night counting the cornflakes in a cereal box. This repetitive activity is called _____.

punding

A major reason for cocaine's legal downfall in the United States, some observers argue, was _____.

racism

An earlier tradition of sociologists built an entire theoretical edifice on the assumption that addiction is a _____ adaptation to the problem of social adjustment and that addicts are attracted to their drug because they are "double failures."

retreatist

In 1924, Congress banned all manufacture, sale, and importation of heroin; today, the drug is classified as a _____ substance—harmful and without medical utility.

schedule I

Middle-class drug dealers are different from inner-city drug dealers in that they _____.

sell the drugs to customers in an intermittent manner

Who among the following were the most stigmatized of all the drug users?

Heroin addicts

Identify the true statements about the production or trafficking of Ecstasy in the United States

1) It is considered that very little Ecstasy is smuggled into the United States from Mexico. 2) Asian drug trafficking organizations produce substantial quantities of Ecstasy in Canada and smuggle it across the border into the United States.

Identify the true statements about the distribution or production of the currently illicit drugs prior to the early 1970s.

1) Opium, grown in Turkey, was processed into heroin in Marseilles. 2) Cocaine was brought into the United States and Western Europe from Columbia.

Which of the following are the three main coca-growing countries?

1) Peru 2) Colombia 3) Bolivia

Amphetamines are used therapeutically in tablet or capsule form; _____ milligrams constitutes a typical dose.

2.5 to 10

Identify a true statement about opiate users.

A high proportion of opiate users take their drug on a controlled basis.

In the context of drug dependence, identify a viewpoint of David Smith, a physician and founder of the Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic, on cocaine use.

A person who is addicted to cocaine responds differently the very first time he or she uses it.

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol consumption?

Controlled use of alcohol is possible and is the majority pattern.

price of a gram of cocaine in 1981, at less-than-gram-level purchase, declined from $423 nationwide to $211.70

Both users and researchers assert that cocaine's appeal is greater than that of any other drug, licit or illicit.

Identify an accurate statement about heroin and other narcotics.

An overdose of heroin causes respiratory paralysis, resulting in oxygen starvation of the brain.

Which of the following statements about the conventional wisdom among drug experts is true?

Animals seem to enjoy the effects of amphetamines and cocaine.

In 1874, _____, an English chemist, working with the morphine molecule, created heroin, which he named diacetylmorphine.

C. R. Alder Wright

Norman Zinberg located a number of controlled opiate users and examined their patterns of use. Identify a conclusion of this study.

Controlled use is a stable pattern for a significant proportion of narcotic users.

According to a variety of sources, most of the Ecstasy currently consumed in the United States comes from three sources. Which of the following are these sources?

China, Southeast Asia, Canada

Identify an accurate statement about the effects of cocaine.

Cocaine users often experience increased energy and suppression of fatigue.

Identify an accurate statement about the brief history of cocaine.

Cocaine was extracted from coca leaves in 1860 and much of the medical profession hailed it as a wonder drug.

Identify a true statement about heroin abusers according to a study conducted by sociologist Bruce Johnson and his team in 1985.

Heroin abusers do not buy all the heroin they consume.

Identify the key principle that has positively influenced the sale of illicit substances all over the world.

Emergence of worldwide networks that link the source of drugs and the final customer

The _____, passed in the year 1914, attempted to regulate the distribution of heroin.

Harrison Act

Identify the German pharmacist Friedrich Sertürner's contribution to the world of narcotics.

He isolated morphine from opium.

Identify a true statement about injecting and freebasing cocaine.

Injecting and freebasing cocaine are not only dangerous in themselves but are also more likely to generate frequent, heavy, chronic use.

Identify an impact of prohibition of illicit drugs in the U.S.

It has increased the price of illicit substances.

Identify an effect of the American drug trade on Latin America.

It has produced violence and the growth of crime.

In the context of the route of administration for cocaine, identify an accurate statement about freebase.

It is a substance that is the product of dissolving cocaine in an alkaline solution and boiling it.

Identify a true statement about the addictive property of cocaine.

It is possible for a sizable proportion of cocaine users to develop a craving so intense that they will give up many of the things they value to continue taking the drug.

Identify a true statement about marijuana trade in the U.S.

It is transported in short distances rather than long.

Identify a true statement about Ecstasy.

It remains a moderately popular illicit substance among adolescent and young adult users.

Identify a true statement about methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine, in powder form, is injected, snorted, or smoked.

Traffickers bring cocaine into the United States most often through _____.

Mexico

Identify a feature of heroin trafficking into the United States.

Mexico and South America are the biggest suppliers of heroin.

Identify a true statement about the illegal drug market in the U.S.

Money spent on illegal drugs affects the economy in the same way as legal goods.

Currently, many experts believe roughly half the volume of the marijuana consumed in the United States is domestically grown. Observers refer to this phenomenon as the "_____" effect or the "push down/pop up" factor.

balloon

Which of the following is a true statement about methamphetamine use in the United States based on systematic evidence

Most social categories have little or no experience with the drug.

Which of the following facts about crack usage was verified by a Monitoring the Future (MTF) study?

The national incidence of crack use among eighth-, tenth-, and twelfth-graders remains at a fairly low level.

In the context of its rates and the patterns of use, identify an accurate statement about heroin.

Only a small fraction of 1 percent of all episodes of illegal drug use involves heroin. Concept Resources Text

In 1995, Purdue Pharma, a pharmaceutical company, introduced an opiate drug and aggressively advertised it to physicians in the United States, claiming it was effective, safe, and nonaddicting, and many of the physicians prescribed it for their pain patients. Identify this drug.

OxyContin

Identify the drug that produces the most powerful psychological dependence.

amphetamine

Identify an accurate statement about the studies conducted on drug addiction.

Researchers distort the reality of the drug scene by relying on prison addict populations instead of the streets.

Which of the following drugs was first synthesized in a laboratory in 1887 and marketed over the counter in the United States in 1932 as an inhalant for nasal congestion?

amphetamine

In the context of the addictiveness of cocaine, which of the following was an observation put forward by Van Dyke and Byck?

The drug, if taken occasionally and moderately, causes little if any physical or mental damage.

In 1985, sociologist Bruce Johnson and his team conducted a study on drug use. Identify a finding of this study.

The economic functions of drug-related crime are not simple because so many parties gain in the many transactions it entails

Identify a true statement about the different levels of drug dealers.

The foot soldiers at either end of the distribution spectrum are poor.

Identify a trend in the cocaine trade in the United States after 2005.

The price per pure gram of cocaine increased.

Identify a true statement about methamphetamine, or meth.

The production process of meth is relatively simple compared with that of other drugs.

Identify a feature of the distribution system of illegal drugs in the United States.

The trade routes shift from time to time for drugs like marijuana and heroin.

Identify an accurate statement about values, rules, and sanctions in the context of controlled opiate use.

They have sanctions that limit use to physical and social settings that are conducive to a safe drug experience.

Identify an accurate statement about stimulants.

They speed up signals passing through the nervous system.

In contrast to freebase, crack cocaine is made by soaking cocaine hydrochloride and _____ and then applying heat.

baking soda

In low doses, the typical bodily and mental effect of amphetamine includes _____.

a heightened competence in motor skills

Identify a solution offered by the Drugs and Democracy report to ameliorate the activities of drug traffickers.

abandoning the war on drugs

Which of the following is most likely to happen following discontinuation of heavy, long-term use of cocaine?

depression

According to an observation made by Gerald Ford's White House (1974-1977), cocaine _____.

does not usually result in serious social consequences, such as crime, hospital emergency room admissions, or death

It has been conventional wisdom among drug experts for some time that _____.

drug users have to learn to enjoy the effects that they do experience

Identify an illegal drug that fits into the pure chemical model of drug trafficking.

ecstasy

Aside from their analgesic property, narcotics also generate _____.

euphoria

The immediate subjective effect of cocaine and amphetamines (including methamphetamine) is _____.

euphoria and a sense of confidence and well-being

True or false: Because of its potential as a topical anesthetic, in spite of its extensive abuse, cocaine remains a Schedule III drug.

false

Who among the following first "turns on" people to a drug, whether it is heroin or marijuana?

friends

_____ is an umbrella mechanism that has enormously accelerated the illicit drug trade during the past quarter century.

globalization

A statement that correctly highlights the distinction between cocaine and amphetamines is that unlike amphetamines, cocaine _____.

is a local or topical anesthetic

Which of the following is an effect of stimulants when administered in low doses?

it improves mental and physical performance

Identify a feature of the LSD production process.

it is a very time-consuming process

An accurate statement about methamphetamine is that _____.

its current form is considerably more potent than its older version

An accurate statement about cocaine is that _____.

its effects last no more than half an hour

The coca plant grows in the Andes Mountains of South America, and its leaves contain from _____ cocaine.

less than 1 percent to as much as 1.8 percent

One major consequence of the drug trade and the drug war in Latin America has been _____.

the creation of a parallel structure of power operating outside the law

A country cannot control the illegal activities within that country when _____.

the central government does not control the major areas of the country

True or false: According to a study conducted by sociologist Bruce Johnson and his team in 1985, heroin users, abusers, and addicts regularly victimize others by committing classic predatory crimes against them.

true

True or false: All drug use is surrounded by values and rules of conduct.

true

True or false: The sources of marijuana and heroin have transformed enormously in the past three decades because of competition and the dismantling of distribution networks.

true

In contrast to middle-class dealers, inner-city dealers _____.

typically sell in public

A diminishing number of physicians prescribed amphetamines for weight loss because of the growing consensus that the drug _____.

was neither effective nor safe