DRUG USE AND ABUSE FINAL!!

The Opium war occurred because ________ attempted to control or eliminate imports of opium by __________ traders. A. China, Indian B. Britain, Chinese C. China, British D. Britain, Indian

C. China, British

All of the following are antidepressants except _____________. A. Prozac B. Zoloft C. Clozaril D. Wellbutrin

C. Clozaril

Research has demonstrated a link between depression and atrophy and cell loss in the _________. A. hypothalamus B. medulla oblongata C. hippocampus D. pons

A. hypothalamus

In _________, the U.S. Surgeon General officially concluded that nicotine is addictive. A. 1988 B. 1964 C. 1935 D. 1893

A. 1988

__________ is a medication prescribed to help people stop smoking that is also prescribed under the name of Wellbutrin for depression. A. Bupropion (Zyban) B. Nicorette C. Fluoxtine (Prozac) D. Varenicline (Chantex)

A. Bupropion (Zyban)

Which of the following is FALSE? A. Cannabis withdrawal is a diagnosis that was included in the DSM-IV B. Cannabis use makes people more susceptible to viruses and bacteria C. Cannabis use negatively affect short term memory D. Marijuana cigarettes contain more tar than tobacco cigarettes

A. Cannabis withdrawal is a diagnosis that was included in the DSM-IV

__________, initially used as an anesthesia in surgery, was found to have calming effects on individuals with psychotic disorder. It revolutionized the treatment of psychotic disorders. A. Chlorpromazine B. Lithium C. Prolixin D. Lexapro

A. Chlorpromazine

The Brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter is _____________. A. GABA B. glutamate C. endorphin D. dopamine

A. GABA

_________________ are specialized structure located on dendrites and cell bodies of neurons that are considered "fast" because their activation directly influences the ion channels. A. Inotropic receptors B. Quick receptors C. Receptor vesicles D. Metabotropic receptor

A. Inotropic receptors

Which of the following is (are) true of the US alcohol prohibition? A. it resulted in decreased drinking death rates from cirrhosis, and alcohol-related arrests B. The 21st amendment prohibited production sale, transportation and importation of alcohol in USA C. It was in effect for only 5 years before being repealed

A. It resulted in decreased drinking death rates from cirrhosis, and alcohol-related arrests

The hallucinogenic effects of _____ were discovered by accident when ______ accidentally spilled some on his hand. A. LSD; Albert Hofmann B. mescaline; Timothy Leary C. LSD; Timothy Leary D. mescaline; Albert Hofmann

A. LSD; Albert Hofmann

What was the "soldiers disease" in the Civil War? A. Morphine addiction B. Cocaine addiction c. Alcoholism d. Gangrene

A. Morphine addiction

Atropine and scopolamine are __________ for ____________. A. antagonist; acetylcholine B. agonist; acetylcholine C. antagonist; serotonin D. agonist; serotonin

A. antagonist; acetylcholine

The recovery of many Vietnam veterans from heroin addiction reveals that _____________. A. environment can play a very important role in recovery B. treatment programs have a high failure rate C. heroin is not really an addictive drug D. heroin withdrawal symptoms are the only cause of relapse

A. environment can play a very important role in recovery

Motivational enhancement is basically... A. helping someone think about and identify personal reason to change B. getting someone with a problem to buy into some well-known reason to change alcohol and other drug use behaviors C. using motional speaking strategies to increase someone's motivation to change D. planning an "intervention" when important people in one's life hold a meeting and share their concerns with the person with a substance use disorder

A. helping someone think about and identify personal reason to change

Synesthesia A. is perceiving a stimulus via a different sensory modality than the sense in which it is biologically processed B. is a term used to described the intensified sensations experienced when one take some hallucinogens C. is another work for a delusion D. is another world for illusion

A. is perceiving a stimulus via a different sensory modality than the sense in which it is biologically processed

Which of the following is/are true about treatment for a substance use disorder? A. it is important that the client find another way to get the reinforcement that they used to get from their substance B. abstinence from all substances is alway required C. both of the above D. neither of the above

A. it is important that the client find another way to get the reinforcement that they used to get from their substance

Which of the following drugs would be most likely to produce changes/distortions in perception of one's body? A. ketamine B. methaqualone C. MDMA D. psilocybin

A. ketamine

Which of the following is NOT true? A. people taking tricyclic medicines must avoid tyramine B. Tardive dyskinesia involves repetitive involuntary movements of the mouth and tongue C. Antipsychotic medications influence the positive symptoms more than the negative ones D. There are fewer people hospitalized for psychological disorders today than in the 1950's

A. people taking tricyclic medicines must avoid tyramine

In New York, during Prohibition, _______ opened to give marijuana users a place to smoke .A. tea-pads B. pot dens C. hash parlors

A. tea-pads

A loved one of yours finds out you are taking this class and asks what is recommenced to help someone quit smoking. Based on information presented in the text and in class, you would say ________. A. the combination of a behavioral program and a nicotine replacement therapy is better than either one alone. B. use the patch to help you avoid the nicotine withdrawal and nothing else will really be helpful. C. the behavioral programs are not really helpful, but the nicotine replacement therapies are. D. the nicotine replacement therapies are not really helpful, but behavioral programs are.

A. the combination of a behavioral program and a nicotine replacement therapy is better than either one alone.

Which of the following statements described the conclusion/recommendations of professional committee reports on the effects of marijuana? A. the most recent report published in 2017 describes barriers to research evaluating the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids B. They have always clearly stated there are no negative effects of marijuana use C. They have consistently warned about the multiple negative effects of marijuana use D. The most recent report published in 2017 recommends that cannabis should be available for recreational use in the US

A. the most recent report published in 2017 describes barriers to research evaluating the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids

Which of the following is/are true regarding who is more likely to use psychotherapeutic medication? A. those who make more money than those who make less money B. those who are less educated are more likely than those who are more educated C. more men than women

A. those who make more money than those who make less money

NIDA's 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health revealed that about ______ of Americans have used marijuana at least once (lifetime use) A. 66% B. 54% C. 44% D. 24%

C. 44%

______ are the receptor primarily found in the brain to which the cannabinoids bind. A. CB2 B.2 AG C. CB1 D. Anandamide

C. CB1

The costs of alcohol and drug abuse in the United States can be measured in the ____________ of dollars. A. Millions B. Billions C. Hundreds of Thousands D. No estimate is possible

B. Billions

__________ is a medication prescribed to help people stop smoking that is also prescribed under the name of Wellbutrin for depression. A. Nicorette B. Bupropion (Zyban) C. Varenicline (Chantex) D. Fluoxtine (Prozac)

B. Bupropion (Zyban)

_______ is used for the treatment of an overdose of opioids. A. mophine B. Naloxone (Narcan) C. L-dopa D. Subutex

B. Naloxone (Narcan)

The _______________ required producers of medicine to indicate which drugs and how much of which drugs were in medicine. A. Controlled Substances Analogue Enforcement Act B. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 C. Controlled Substances Act D. Harrison Narcotics Tax Act

B. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

In the mid 1800s, in the US, drugs like opium and morphine could be obtained _____________. A. Only at pharmacies with a prescription B. through the mail and at grocery stores without a prescription C. Through the mail and at grocery stores as long as the person had a prescription

B. Through the mail and at grocery stores without a prescription

Which of the following is true? A. Psychotherapeutic drugs pose little of no threat to the fetus and may be used safely during pregnancy. B. a decision about use of psychotherapeutic medication during pregnancy is based on a consideration of both the mother and the unborn child C. There are never circumstance that would warrant taking a psychotherapeutic medication medication while pregnant

B. a decision about use of psychotherapeutic medication during pregnancy is based on a consideration of both the mother and the unborn child

Which of the following is FALSE? A. Methadone is an opioid that is used for the treatment of opioid withdrawal B. about 20% of 12-17 year olds report use of prescription opioids other than as prescribed C. More people use prescription opioids other than as prescribed than use heroin today D. Naloxone has a stronger affinity to endorphin receptors than other heroin

B. about 20% of 12-17 year olds report use of prescription opioids other than as prescribed

According to the Transtheoretical Stages of Change model, individuals who do not believe they have a problem... A. are in the denial stage B. are in the pre-contemplation stage C. do not fit in any of the stages D. are in the non-contemplation stages

B. are in the pre-contemplation stage

What is typically the first step in the substance? A. selecting the appropriate treatment service B. assessment C. setting treatment goals D. acknowledge a problem

B. assessment

Infants whose mothers were addicted to cocaine during pregnancy ___________. A. often die of server cocaine withdrawal after birth B. experience short term neurological problems after birth C. have higher IQ's than normal

B. experience short term neurological problems after birth

CRAFT... A. stands for communities returning to all family ties B. include teaching the concerned significant other to reinforce abstinence C. both of the above D. neither of the above

B. include teaching the concerned significant other to reinforce abstinence

What are physiological effects of cocaine? A. decreased body temperature, increased energy, increased appetite B. increased heart rate, increased body temperature, and pupil dilation C. increased blood pressure, pupil dilation, and increase appetite D. decreased heart rate

B. increased heart rate, increased body temperature, and pupil dilation

The active chemical in hallucinogenic mushrooms is _______; the active chemical in peyote is ___________. A. MDMA; psilocybin B. psilocybin; mescaline C. mescaline; psilocybin D. DMT; scopolamine

B. psilocybin; mescaline

Which of the following is NOT included in the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder? A. unsuccessful attempts to control substance use B. recurrent legal problems as a result of substance use C. recurrent impaired performance at work/school as a result of substance use D. recurrent interpersonal problems as a result of substance use

B. recurrent legal problems as result of substance use

Which of the following is NOT an opioid? A. fentanyl B. scopolamine C. heroin D. dilaudid

B. scopolamine

The use of medical uses for opioid drugs include the treatment of which of the following? A. opioid overdose, diarrhea, and mild pain B. severe pain, diarrhea, and opioid withdrawal C. severe pain, opioid withdrawal, and constipation

B. severe pain, diarrhea, and opioid withdrawal

Heroin is used via which routes of administration? A. injecting and smoking, but not snorting B. smoking, injecting, and snorting C. injecting and snorting, but not smoking D. snorting and smoking but not injecting

B. smoking, injecting, and snorting

Which of the following is TRUE regarding smoking prevalence in the US? A. Those who are employed are more likely to smoke than those who are unemployed B. those who did not finish high school are more likely to smoke than those who have graduated from college C. Women are more likely to smoke than men D. Smoking prevalence has not change much in the last 50 years

B. those who did not finish high school are more likely to smoke than those who have graduated from college

Neurotransmitters are stored in sacs known as __________. A. dendrites B. Vesicles C. Axons D. Receptor sites

B. vesicles

The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 ____________. A. establishes harsher penalties for possession of crack cocaine than for powder cocaine. B. was designed to reduce differences in penalties for similar amounts of crack cocaine and powder cocaine. C. establishes mandatory minimum sentences for possession of designer drugs D. decriminalizes possession of synthetic compounds that are not intended for human consumption

B. was designed to reduce differences in penalties for similar amounts of crack cocaine and powder cocaine.

Which of the following is/are true about the withdrawal effects of cocaine and amphetamines. A. withdrawal symptoms include euphoria, decreased appetite, and decreased energy B. withdrawal effects include depression, inability to experience pleasure, lack of energy, and increased appetite C. withdrawal can be lethal

B. withdrawal effects include depression, inability to experience pleasure, lack of energy, and increased appetite

The results of surveys completed in various countries (including the USA) reported by Degenhardt (2008) indicate... A. Canada and the USA have the highest rates of cannabis use B. there was only a difference in prevalence rates for men and women in the USA, Canada, and Asian countries C. China, Africa, and the middle East report lower prevalence rates of alcohol use than other countries

C. China, Africa, and the middle East report lower prevalence rates of alcohol use than other countries

Which of the following is NOT true A.A.? A. AA began in Akron, Ohio B. Part of working the invokes sharing an honest self- evaluation with someone C. People work the steps by themselves D. Bill W. and Dr. Bob are the founders of AA

C. People work the steps by themselves

Which of the following drugs is NOT an anabolic androgenic steroid?A. Androlone B. Nandralone C. Prednisone D. Winsstrol

C. Prednisone

Which of the following is true? A. Substance induced disorders include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and sexual dysfunction, but not psychotic disorders B. substance induced disorders include anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorders, but not mood disorders C. Substance induced disorders include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorders D. Substance induced disorders include mood disorders, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorders, but not anxiety disorders

C. Substance induced disorders include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorders

Which of the following is FALSE: A. original Coca Colas had cocaine in it B. Sigmund Freud advocated the use of cocaine for depression C. The creation of a smokable form of cocaine contributed to the cocaine epidemic of the 1880s

C. The creation of a smokable form of cocaine contributed to the cocaine epidemic of the 1880s

Which of the following is False? A. some people get better without going to formal treatment or self-help groups B. some treatment is based on the 12 steps C. Treatment for substances use disorder always includes medication D. helping people change their thinking, feeling, and behaving related to substance use is an important part of treatment

C. Treatment for substances use disorder always includes medication

Which of the following is NOT paired correctly? A. MAOIs - Antidepressants B. Chlorpromazine - Antipsychotic C. Wellbutrin - Antipsychotic D. Lithium - Mood Stabilizer

C. Wellbutrin - Antipsychotic

Which of the following is FALSE regarding MDMA (Ecstasy)? A. it has been associated with brain damage in human and non human species B. seizures and strokes have occurred with overdose C. a single use generally produces vivid visual hallucinations D. it is considered a methylated amphetamine

C. a single use generally produces vivid visual hallucinations

Which of the following is not a common effect of LSD? A. visual hallucinations B. sympathomimetic effects C. auditory hallucinations D. pupil dilation

C. auditory hallucinations

The San Fransico Ordinance involved _________________. A. Banning the importation of smoking opium B. All of these C. Banning opium dens D. Banning the smoking of opium

C. banning opium dens

Which of the below are routes of administration of steroids? A. topical B. injection C. both of the above D. none of the above

C. both of the above

Which of the following statements described the conclusions/recommendations of The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids report by the National Academics of Sciences,Engineering, and Medicine(2017)? A. the report describes limitations to research evaluating the effect of cannabis an cannabinoids B. the report recommends that cannabis should be available for medical use as research indicates it is helpful for those with multiple sclerosis, chronic pain and nausea from chemotherapy C. both of the above D. none of the above

C. both of the above

Substance use may affect the nervous system by all the following EXCEPT: A. increasing or decreasing the number of receptors B. affecting the release of the neurotransmitters C. changing the shape of the synapse D. affecting the breakdown of neurotransmitters

C. changing the shape of the synapse

Which of the following neurotransmitters are affected by cocaine and amphetamines? A. acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin B. acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine C. dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin D. dopamine, acetylcholine, norepinephrine

C. dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin

Which of the following drugs is the most potent pain reliever? A. codeine B. morphine C. fentanyl D. heroin

C. fentanyl

Kara meets her friends every Thurday evening during which times she usually has 1-2 glasses of wine. Other than that she drinks maybe once a month on a date. ____ would be the best description of her level of use of alcohol. A. experimental use B. social/recreational use c. habitual/regular use d. substance abuse

C. habitual/regular use

Which of the following is NOT a common opioid effect? A. pupil constriction B. respiratory depression C. increased body temperature D. pain suppression

C. increased body temperature

High doses of stimulants like cocaine can result in symptoms resembling _________. A. bipolar disorder B. catatonic schizophrenia C. paranoid schizophrenia D. anxiety neurosis

C. paranoid schizophrenia

Which of the following is a mechanism by which cocaine can cause death? A. seizures and liver damage B. strokes and liver damage C. seizures and strokes D. seizures, but not strokes

C. seizures and strokes

Anabolic steroids are synthetic frugs that resemble ____________. A. estrogen B. progesterone C. testosterone D. both estrogen and progesterone

C. testosterone

Precancerous cells develop as the result of smokeless tobacco are called _____________? A. anergia B. emphysema C. anhedonia D. leukoplakia

D. leukoplakia

Opium comes from the ________. A. mescal bean B. morning glory seeds C. magic mushroom D. poppy

D. poppy

Sam repeatedly struggles to get to work on time on Mondays because of his substance use over the weekends. He takes prescription pills in order to avoid withdrawals symptoms when he is at work. Sam often plans to go out on Friday after work for just a few beers across a couple hours, but he almost always drinks more than he planned to drink and he usually does not get home until midnight or later. Which level of use best fits Sam? A. experimental use B. social/recreational use C. habitual/regular use D. substance abuse

D. substance abuse

The rise in illegal use of prescription opioids in the later 1990s and early 2000s was largely related to what drug? A. naloxone B. heroin C. opana D. OxyContin

D. OxyContin

_________ is derived from a plant in the sage family and is considered to be the most potent of any naturally occurring hallucinogens .A. peyote B. psilocybin C. LSD D. Salvia

D. Salvia

____ are active ingredients in cannabis. A. THC, Anandamide, Cannabidiol B. THC, CB1, 2-AG C. 2-AG, Anandamide, THC D. THC, Cannabidiol, Cannabinol

D. THC, Cannabidiol, Cannabinol

Nicotine is an ________ for _________. A. antagonist ; acetylcholine B. antagonist; adenosine C. agonist; glutamate D. agonist; acetylcholine

D. agonist; acetylcholine

Archaeological evidence suggest that _______ was used as early as 6400 B.C. A. cocaine B. morphine C. heroin D. alcohol

D. alcohol

Which of the following influence treatment settings and services? A. finances B. Medical problems C. Non-AOD psychological problems D. all of the above

D. all of the above

While we did not have time to talk about all of this in class, all of the below are related to more effective substance use treatment - so read the choices and then choose all of the above. A. a good relationship between the treatment provider and the client B. attending self-help meetings on a regular basis C. staying in treatment for at least 6 months D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Psychological effects of anabolic steroids include _________. A. euphoria B. increased energy levels C. increased aggressiveness D. all of these

D. all of these

Which of the following is/are serotonergic hallucinogens? A. LSD B. psilocybin C. mescaline D. all of these

D. all of these

Opioids act by mimicking which neurotransmitter system? A. acetylcholine B. serotonin C. dopamine D. endorphin

D. endorphin

Which of the following processes are responsible for removing neurotransmitters from the synapse? A. repute and inotropic reception B. spontaneous disintegration and metabotropic reception C. enzyme breakdown and spontaneous disintegration D. enzyme breakdown and reuptake

D. enzyme breakdown and reuptake

Opioid withdrawal symptoms are best characterized as ___________. A. convulsions and seizures and not usually fatal B. convulsions and seizures and commonly fatal C. flu-like in nature and nearly always fatal D. flu-like in nature but not fatal

D. flu-like in nature but not fatal

The ASAM Criteria... A. are used at the endow treatment to make discharge plans to help prevent relapse B. are 5 dimensions of information that are important to assess when planning treatment C. are limited because they do not include anything about psychological problems other than substance use problems D. include withdrawal potential and characteristics of the environment in which someone is living

D. include withdrawal potential and characteristics of the environment in which someone is living

The stimulants known as "bath salts" are synthetic drugs similar to an active ingredient in ________. A. marijuana B. coca leaves C. coffee beans D. khat leaves

D. khat leaves

(True/False) All self-help groups are modeled after AA and its steps.

False

(True/False) In the 1800s, physicians rarely recommended paten medicines because there was no research to indicated what they were really headful for.

False

(True/False) Most people who get treatment for substance use disorder go to inpatient treatment.

False

(True/False) Regular marijuana results in a stronger high than synthetic marijuana.

False

(True/False) Schedule V drugs are drugs/substances that have a high potential for abuse and that do not have any acceptable medical use for treatment in the United States.

False

(True/False) The "war on drugs" and legislation enacted to decrease availability and use of substances have been very effective.

False

(True/False) The best way to approach treatment for someone who has a substance use disorder and a non-AOD psychological disorder is for the person to go to a substance use treatment expert for substance use disorder and a different expert for the non-AOD related disorder.

False

(True/False) the synthetic drug abuse prevention act of 2012 add Schedule VI to the Schedules of Controlled Substances, encompassing the newly developed synthetic drugs such as bath salts.

False

(True/False) According to Dr. Campbell, treatment of substance use disorders should always help people develop supportive social relationships.

True

(True/False) In helping people increase their desire/commitment to change, it is helpful to have the person explore both the reasons to change and the reasons to not change.

True

(True/False) Many of the drugs that are illegal today were used to treat a variety of medical concerns in the 1800s and early 1900s.

True

(True/False) The effects of drugs involve making naturally occurring physiological processes more or less active.

True

(True/False) The effects of opioids are synergistic with those of alcohol.

True

(True/False) Withdrawal symptoms of an addictive drug are opposite of the drug's effects.

True

(True/False) Cannabis use is associated with (correlated with) development of psychotic disorders (including schizophrenia) later in life.

true