Drug Use Final Exam

Which of the following corresponds most closely to the mixed model of illicit drug manufacture and sale? A. Meth B. Marijuana C. Ecstasy (MDMA) D. Heroin E. Rohypnol

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The cannabis plant contains some 400 chemicals;_________ of them, called cannabinoids, are found nowhere else. A. 61 B. 99 C. 375 D. 200 E. 101

A. 61

Statistically speaking, on an episode-by-episode basis, the setting in which alcohol-impairment injury is most likely to take place is A. A bar B. The school or workplace C. The park or beach D. A vehicle on the street or highway E. The home

A. A bar

The use of certain drugs is more criminogenic than that of others, that is, it is statistically more closely related to criminal behavior. Which of the following are the big three drugs with respect to the relationship between using psychoactive substances and committing crime? A. Alcohol, cocaine, and narcotics B. sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers C. antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepines D. Ecstasy, GHB, and Rohypnol

A. Alcohol, cocaine, and narcotics

From the early 1970s to today, the number of prescriptions written for the amphetamines has A. Decreased by 90% B. Increased by 90% C. Remained unknown D. Fluctuated wildly E. Remained stable

A. Decreased by 90%

Psychopharmacologists classify ketamine as a A. Dissociative anesthetic B. Narcotic C. Stimulant D. Sedative/hypnotic E. None of these answers is correct

A. Dissociative anesthetic

The heroin that is derived from poppies grown in Afghanistan is shipped mainly to_________. A. Europe, China, Russia, and Africa B. South America C. Southeast Asia D. Mexico E. Guatemala

A. Europe, China, Russia, and Africa

According to MTF, most high school seniors believe that the regular use of heroin is A. Harmful B. No different from marijuana C. Fun D. Benign E. None of these answers is correct

A. Harmful

In the past two or three decades, the purity of cocaine sold in the U.S. A. Has increased B. Has decreased C. Has remained stable D. Remains unknown E. None of these

A. Has increased

Today, the majority of the illicit drugs brought into the United States originates from which of the following regions? A. None of these answers is correct. B. the Middle East C. Western Europe D. East Asia E. the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia—Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

A. None of these answers is correct.

The peak popularity of cocaine—when it was used most, according to surveys—for young adults and college students was during A. The late seventies to the mid-eighties B. The sixties C. The first half of the first decade of the twenty-first century D. Currently - that is, at the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century E. The nineties

A. The late seventies to the mid-eighties

Over the past three or four decades, the illicit drug market has A. become extremely decentralized. B. Remained the same level of centralization C. Remained secrete D. Become much more centralized E. None of these answers is correct

A. become extremely decentralized.

During the past decade or so, the use of methamphetamine has A. decreased. B. remains unknown. C. remained stable. D. fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year. E. Ecstasy (MDMA)

A. decreased.

Since the 1980s, the number of years of potential life lost (YPLL) as a result of alcohol-related highway fatalities A. has decreased B. remains unknown C. has increased D. has remained stable E. has fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year

A. has decreased

A study compared controlled opiate users with narcotic addicts and found that the former differed from the latter in A. the frequency of use—that is, less than once a day versus more than once a day. B. personal acquaintance with other users who suffered overdoses. C. the route of administration—snorting versus shooting. D. the type of narcotic used—for instance, Darvon or codeine versus heroin. E. None of these answers is correct.

A. the frequency of use—that is, less than once a day versus more than once a day.

Ch. 7

Alcohol and Tobacco

Today, nearly_________ fatal car crashes are alcohol-related. A. 1 out of 100 B. 3 out of 10 C. all D. 75 out of 100 E. 7 out of 10

B. 3 out of 10

Which of the following is not a narcotic, opiate, or opioid drug? A. fentanyl B. All are narcotic, opiate, or opioid drugs. C. oxycodone D. codeine E. opium

B. All are narcotic, opiate, or opioid drugs.

After 2000, the rate of use of club drugs A. Increased B. Decreased C. Remained stable D. Remains unknown E. Fluctuated wildly

B. Decreased

During the past two decades, the price of cocaine sold on the street in the United States A. Has increased B. Has decreased C. Has remained the same D. Remains unknown E. None of these

B. Has decreased

In the United States, over the long run, the number of alcohol-related automobile fatalities A. Remains unknown B. Has decreased C. Has increased D. Has fluctuated wildly E. Has remained stable

B. Has decreased

For which of the following illicit drugs is the total trafficked weight the greatest? A. Heroin B. Marijuana C. Cocaine D. Meth E. Ecstasy

B. Marijuana

Cocaine is a __________. A. Schedule I drug B. Schedule II drug C. Schedule III drug D. Schedule IV drug E. Schedule V drug

B. Schedule II drug

The principal psychoactive chemical in marijuana is_________. A. GHB B. THC C. LSD D. MDMA E. PCP

B. THC

Drug researchers have proposed three models or explanations for the drug-crime nexus. Which one is the most adequate in explaining this link? A. The enslavement model B. The intensification model C. The predisposition model D. All of these E. None of these

B. The intensification model

Which of the following painkillers or analgesics are not classified as narcotics? A. Percodan B. ibuprofen C. Dilaudid D. Darvon E. None of these answer is correct.

B. ibuprofen

The coca plant grows_________, and its leaves contain from less than 1 percent to as much as 1.8 percent cocaine. A. around the Nanga Parbat Mountain region of Asia B. in the Andes Mountains of South America C. in the Alps in Europe D. on the Coma Pedrosa mountain of Andorra E. on Mount Elbrus in Russia

B. in the Andes Mountains of South America

After 1970, using, abusing, and being addicted to heroin A. decreased the likelihood of committing a violent crime. B. increased the likelihood of committing a violent crime. C. None of these answers is correct. D. was unrelated to the likelihood of committing a violent crime. E. was unknown with respect to the likelihood of committing a violent crime.

B. increased the likelihood of committing a violent crime.

Among women, as the volume of cocaine consumed increases, the likelihood of being the victim of a crime A. remains the same. B. increases. C. remains unknown and unknowable. D. decreases. E. None of these answers is correct.

B. increases.

The distribution of which of the following drugs corresponds most closely to the agricultural model of illicit drug manufacture and sale? A. methamphetamine B. marijuana C. LSD D. Ecstasy (MDMA) E. cocaine

B. marijuana

According to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), in 2019, a gram of pure cocaine costs $192; the less pure it is, the less the cost, so an average gram, mixed 50 percent with coke and 50 percent with adulterants might cost_________. A. $200-300 B. $5-10 C. $90-100 D. $120-200 E. $20-80

C. $90-100

Which of the following drugs was the majority of perpetrators under the influence of when committing a criminal homicide? A. LSD B. PCP C. Alcohol D. Heroin E. Marijuana

C. Alcohol

Which of the following is used by a greater number of people—heroin versus all of the other narcotics added together? A. The two categories are used by about the same number of people B. Heroin C. All the other narcotics added together D. The answer is unknown E. None of these answers is correct

C. All the other narcotics added together

Criminalizing drugs has A. Has not had an impact on price B. Had an unknown impact on the price C. Increased their price D. Decreased their price E. None of these

C. Increased their price

The relationship between alcohol consumption and being the victim of criminal, violent behavior is A. Unknown B. None of these answers is correct C. Positive D. Negative E. Random

C. Positive

Which of the following is a substance naturally contained in magic mushrooms? A. LSD B. Mescaline C. Psilocybin D. PCP E. DMT and DET

C. Psilocybin

Is cocaine addicting? A. The question cannot be answered in any meaningful, empirical fashion. B. No, definitely, cocaine is not addicting. C. The answer to the question depends on what one means by the term "addicting." D. None of these answers is correct. E. Yes, definitely, cocaine is addicting.

C. The answer to the question depends on what one means by the term "addicting."

Overall, the most effective and efficient analgesics are_________. A. The amphetamines B. Aspirin and ibuprofen C. The narcotics D. The sedatives E. Marijuana

C. The narcotics

Which of the following models most adequately explains the drugs-violence nexus? A. The economic-compulsive model B. The psychopharmacological model C. The systemic model D. All of these E. None of these

C. The systemic model

In the early 1970s, which country accounted for the majority of the botanical source of the heroin used by addicts in the United States?A. Burma B. India C. Turkey D. Argentina E. Columbia

C. Turkey

For drug use to take place, the predisposition to use a given drug is A. a sufficient but not a necessary condition. B. both a necessary and a sufficient condition C. a necessary but not a sufficient condition. D. neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition. E. None of these answers is correct

C. a necessary but not a sufficient condition.

Which of the following groups of drugs that appear in overdose statistics also makes a substantial contribution to the drugs-crime nexus? A. Adderall, Ritalin, and amphetamine B. marijuana, MDMA, and LSD C. alcohol, cocaine, and narcotics D. sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers E. antipsychotics and antidepressants

C. alcohol, cocaine, and narcotics

According to Goldstein, the link between the consumption of alcohol and engaging in violent behavior is largely and substantially a result of A. cultural norms, not the pharmacological effects of alcohol. B. cognitive guidedness. C. disinhibition caused by the pharmacological effects of alcohol. D. Unknown factors E. None of these

C. disinhibition caused by the pharmacological effects of alcohol.

The relationship between smoking and premature mortality is A. unknown B. zero—there is no statistical relationship between the amount a person smokes and the likelihood of dying prematurely. C. positive—the greater a person smokes, the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely. D. negative—the greater a person smokes, the lower the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely. E. None of these answers are correct

C. positive—the greater a person smokes, the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely.

Research has demonstrated that the use of LSD commonly causes_________. A. death by overdose B. physical dependence C. sensory overload D. genetic damage E. psychotic episodes

C. sensory overload

According to the thinking of contemporary economists, A. all crime is economically productive. B. the economic impact of crime on a society is unknown and unknowable. C. some crime is economically productive, while some is not, some may be negative in its economic impact. D. No crime is economically productive E. None of these

C. some crime is economically productive, while some is not, some may be negative in its economic impact.

The first LSD "trip" took place in_________. A. the 1960s B. the 1800s C. the 1940s D. ancient Greece E. prehistoric antiquity

C. the 1940s

Ch.9

Cocaine and the Amphetamines

The death toll—the total number of people who die as a result of a cause related to the use of the substance—is greatest for which of the following? A. Heroin B. Marijuana C. Cocaine D. Cigarettes E. Alcohol

D. Cigarettes

A discussion of any cause-and-effect connection should clarify the_________ of the connection. A. Hassle factor B. Loyalty rate C. Predisposition D. Direction E. Potency

D. Direction

Which of the following has the highest concentration of "absolute" alcohol? A. Wine B. Wine "coolers" C. "fortified" wine (such as sherry) D. beer D. Distilled spirits (such as gin, vodka, tequila, or scotch)

D. Distilled spirits (such as gin, vodka, tequila, or scotch)

The relationship between alcohol consumption and criminal behavior is A. Random B. Negative C. Unknown D. Positive E. None of these

D. Positive

The relationship between smoking cigarettes and the use of illicit drugs is A. Random B. Unknown C. Negative D. Positive E. None of these answers is correct

D. Positive

In alcohol studies, the rule of equivalency states that A. Not all people are influenced in the same way by a given quantity of alcohol B. the presence of food and water in the stomach has no bearing on the level of intoxication caused by an alcoholic drink. C. mixing different kinds of drinks produces greater intoxication levels than sticking to the same kind of drink D. The effects of alcohol are determined principally by the volume of absolute alcohol that is drunk rather than the type of drink itself. E. None of these answers is correct

D. The effects of alcohol are determined principally by the volume of absolute alcohol that is drunk rather than the type of drink itself.

From interviews of arrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1970, the percentage who said that they had used crack cocaine has A. increased. B. remained the same. C. remained unknown. D. decreased. E. fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year

D. decreased.

Since the late 1980s, according to the Monitoring the Future survey, the use of crack has A. remains unknown—and unknowable. B. remained stable. C. increased. D. decreased. E. fluctuated wildly and erratically from year to year.

D. decreased.

The statistical correlation between the use of drug and engaging in criminal behavior is A. random. B. unknown. C. None of these answers is correct. D. positive. E. negative.

D. positive.

The high or intoxication resulting from smoking crack cocaine is A. longer and less intense that from snorting powder cocaine. B. longer and more intense than from snorting powder cocaine. C. shorter and less intense than from snorting powder cocaine. D. shorter and more intense than from snorting powder cocaine. E. None of these answers is correct

D. shorter and more intense than from snorting powder cocaine.

In the 1990s, several media sources reported that a new heroin epidemic had gripped the United States. Toward the end of the first decade of the 2000s, that epidemic had A. remained at the same level. B. increased in seriousness. C. None of these answer is correct. D. subsided. E. remained unknown as to its seriousness

D. subsided.

Ch.11

Drug Trafficking

Ch.12

Drugs and Crime

Ethyl alcohol or ethanol is A. 75 percent "absolute" alcohol B. 50 percent "absolute" alcohol C. 25 percent "absolute" alcohol D. 0 percent "absolute" alcohol E. 100 percent "absolute" alcohol

E. 100 percent "absolute" alcohol

Amphetamines taken therapeutically in capsule form of 2.5-10 milligrams tend to cause A. An increase in appetite B. A feeling of heaviness and lethargy C. A feeling of calmness and introversion D. Lowered heartbeat E. A heightened competence in motor skills and mental activity

E. A heightened competence in motor skills and mental activity

The evidence indicating that the human use of MDMA (Ecstasy) damages A. The lungs is conclusive B. The liver is conclusive C. Blood vessels is conclusive D. The brain is conclusive E. Any organ of the body is inconclusive

E. Any organ of the body is inconclusive

Drunken comportment—behavior under the influence—is a product of A. Absolute alcohol content B. Pharmacology C. Genetics D. Hormones E. Culture

E. Culture

On a dose-by-dose, user-by-user basis, _________remains by far the most dangerous among the circle of the six or eight recreationally used narcotics. A. Methamphetamine B. LSD C. Cocaine D. Marijuana E. Heroin

E. Heroin

On which of the following illicit drugs is the greatest total amount of money spent in the United States? A. Cocaine B. Meth C. Ecstasy D. Heroin E. Marijuana

E. Marijuana

According to the text, a "Mr. Big" is one central smuggler at the pinnacle of a highly centralized illicit drug organization. This dealer controls and runs the entire trafficking operation of the global sale of A. Heroin B. Cocaine C. Marijuana D. All Illicit drugs E. None of these answers is correct

E. None of these answers is correct

The dominant ethnic or national group that controls the international illegal drug trade is now A. Nigerian B. Latin American C. Italian American D. Irish American E. None of these answers is correct

E. None of these answers is correct

This chapter summarizes a study on the administration of marijuana to airline pilots followed by coordination tests 1, 4, 10, and 24 hours after the administration of marijuana. The study found that the deteriorating effects of the drug completely disappeared after: A. 1 hour B. 4 hours C. 10 hours D. 24 hours E. None of these answers is correct

E. None of these answers is correct

Which of the following countries are the largest cultivators in the world of the plant from whose leaves cocaine is extracted? A. Mexico, Guatemala, and Honduras B. Turkey, Iran, and Iraq C. Algeria, Libya, and Egypt D.. Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam E. Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia

E. Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia

The social characteristic that correlates most strongly with the use of marijuana is_________. A. geographical residence B. race C. socioeconomic status (SES) D. sex or gender E. age

E. age

"Apparent" alcohol consumption is based on A. how much alcohol a respondent thinks he or she has consumed during a given year. B. underage drinking during a given year. C. how much alcohol the public believes is consumed during a given year. D. the relationship between drinking and BAC (blood-alcohol concentration). E. alcohol sales during a given during a given period of time

E. alcohol sales during a given during a given period of time

Substances such as marijuana, LSD, and "club drugs" share important qualities, which means they A. have the most severe penalties of all the illicit drugs in the United States. B. more-or-less have the same effects. C. are legal in all the states of America. D. are chemically closely related. E. are likely to be used recreationally by more-or-less middle-class persons in the United States.

E. are likely to be used recreationally by more-or-less middle-class persons in the United States.

From interviews of arrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1953, the percentage who said that they had used heroin has A. fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year. B. increased. C. remained unknown. D. remained the same. E. decreased

E. decreased

Between the 1990s, the use of club drugs A. decreased. B. remains unknown. C. remained stable. D. fluctuated wildly and randomly from year to year. E. increased

E. increased

Which of the following is not a narcotic, opiate, or opioid drug? A. meperidine B. morphine C. None of the above; all are narcotic drugs. D. methadone E. methedrine

E. methedrine

According to the text, the countries with the highest rates of murders are those with A. the most democratic political systems. B. a high per capita Gross Domestic Product—that is, average national income. C. high levels of educational attainment. D. the most just and honest judicial system. E. the most deeply entrenched and contentious drug trades.

E. the most deeply entrenched and contentious drug trades.

Ch.10

Heroin and the Narcotics