DSM-5

List three ways the DSM is intended to serve

a guide for diagnosing and treating mental disorders a tool for clinicians a reference for researchers in the field

What do the acronyms ICD and WHO stand for?

ICD: International Classification of Diseases, WHO: World Health Organization

What general diagnostic criterion continues to be used in the DSM-5 to establish disorder threshhold?

The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Briefly summarize the three reasons why harmonization with the IDC-11 was thought to be important.

The existence of two major classifications of mental disorders: hinders the collection and use of national health statistics the design of clinical trials aimed at developing new treatments and the consideration of global applicability of the results by international regulatory agencies. More broadly, the existence of two classifications complicates attempts to replicate scientific results across nations.

How does DSM-5 incorporate developmental and lifespan issues into its overall organization?

DSM-5 is organized on developmental and lifespan considerations. It beings with diagnoses thought to reflect developmental processes that manifest early in life, followed by diagnoses that more commonly manifest in adolescence and young adulthood, and ends with diagnoses relevant to adulthood and later life.

Give the complete name of the DSM. Who Publishes it?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association.

What realities are described as resulting from the narrowing of diagnostic categories in the attempt to identifying homogeneous patient populations for research and treatment?

Identifying homogenous populations for treatment and research results in narrow diagnostic categories did not capture clinical reality, symptom heterogeneity within disorders, and significant sharing of symptoms across multiple disorders. The historical aspiration of achieving diagnostic homogeneity by subtyping within disorder categories is no longer sensible; like most human ills, mental disorders are heterogenous at many levels, ranging from genetic risk factors to symptoms.

What was the DSM designed to facilitate?

More reliable diagnoses.

What two phrases have replaced NOS diagnoses in the DSM-5? Briefly describe each of these.

Other specified disorder: Allows the clinician to communicate the specific reason that the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific category within a diagnostic class. Unspecified disorder: If the clinician chooses not to specify the reason the criteria are not met for a specific disorder.

What happened to Axes 3,4 and 5 in the DSM-5? How is this information to be coded or conveyed when using the DSM-5?

Axis III has been combined with Axes I and II. Axis IV was deleted and replaced with a selected set of ICD codes Axis V was deleted and WHODAS was included A nonaxial assessment system was included that simply listed the appropriate Axis I, II, and III disorders and conditions without axial designations.

Provide the definition of a mental disorder given in the DSM-5.

15. A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance and dysfunction. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant stress or disability. An expectable or culturally approved response to a common stress, such as the death of a loved one, is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior and conflicts that are primarily between the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from a dysfunction in the individual, as described above.

List the three concepts offering greater clinical Utility that replaced the culture bound syndrome in the DSM-5.

Culture syndrome, Culture idiom of distress, and Cultural explanation of perceived cause

How are terms Principle Diagnosis and Provisional Diagnosis used in the DSM-5?

Principle diagnosis: When more than one diagnosis for an individual is given in an inpatient setting, the principal diagnosis is the condition established after study to be chiefly responsible for occasioning the admission of the individual. Provisional diagnosis: The specifier "provisional" can be used when there is a strong presumption that the full criteria for a disorder will ultimately be met , but not enough information is currently available to make a firm diagnosis.

List the four stages of the DSM-5 revision process

Proposals for Revisions DSM-5 Field Trials Public and Professional Review and Expert Review

List five of the enhancements incorporated into the DSM-5

Representation of developmental issues related to diagnoses: the chapter organization was changed to a lifespan approach Integration of scientific findings from the latest research in genetics and neuroimaging transition of conceptualizing personality disorders: an alternative "hybrid" model has been proposed in Section III to guide future research. Section III: new disorders and features Online enhancements: online supplemental material

What are sub types and specifiers as the terms are used in DSM-5?

Subtypes define mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive phenomenological subgroupings within a diagnosis and are indicated by the instruction "specify whether." Specifiers, are not intended to be mutually exclusive or jointly exhaustive, and as consequence, more than on specifier may be given. Specifiers are indicated by the instruction "specify" or "specify if."

What four principals guided draft revisions?

The DSM-5 is primarily intended to be a manual to be used by clinicians, and revisions must be feasible for routine clinical practice. Recommendations for revisions should be guided by research evidence. Where possible, continuity should be maintained with pervious editions of the DSM. No a priori constraints should be placed on the degree of change between DSM-IV and DSM-5.

Why are reliable diagnoses essential? List four reasons cited in the DSM-5

guiding treatment recommendations identifying prevalence rates identifying patient groups for clinical and basic research and commenting important public health information such as morbidity and mortality rates