DTN CHAPTER 7

what are the three stages of alcoholic liver disease?

(1) Fatty liver (2) Alcoholic hepatitis (3) Cirrhosis

How much alcohol is in a standard drink of beer liquor or wine?

1 and 1/2 oz.

how many alcohol use disorders are there?

2 - Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependance

Where is alcohol absorbed?

20% in the stomach 80% in the small intestine

what is binge drinking?

4 or more drinks for women and 5 or more drinks for men

Alcohol has __________ calories per gram, providing __________ calories per gram compared to protein and carbohydrates.

7; more

Which of the following statements about alcohol is correct? - Alcohol does not need to be digested before it can be absorbed. - Women absorb about one-third more alcohol than men because women have fewer stomach enzymes that break down the alcohol prior to absorption. - On an empty stomach, alcohol can be absorbed through the lining of the stomach. - All of these statements about alcohol are true.

All of these statements about alcohol are true.

Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)

Amount of alcohol in the blood.

what is considered a standard drink of beer, wine, and liquor?

Beer - 12 oz Wine - 5 oz Liquor - 1.5 oz.

Alcohol

Class of organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups attached to carbons.

Endotoxins

Damaging products that release from the cell wall of dead bacteria, such as those in the GI tract.

T/F A shot of whiskey contains more alcohol than a can of beer

False

T/F Alcohol is considered an essential nutrient.

False

T/F Alcohol use disorders can be cured through counseling.

False

T/F Damage to the fetus of a pregnant Mom who consumes alcohol can be reversed by eating right.

False

T/F Moderate drinking means consuming six or more drinks once a week.

False

T/F The best way to cure a hangover is to drink a Bloody Mary.

False

T/F The body can metabolize three alcoholic beverages per hour.

False

T/F The liver breaks down and metabolizes alcohol at a rate of about 1 ounce per hour.

False (5-7 grams of ETHO/hour)

Gastritis

Inflammation of the lining of the stomach

Proof

Measure of the amount of ethanol contained in alcoholic beverages.

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

Most severe of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: children with FAS display physical, mental, and behavioral abnormalities.

Do alcohol use disorders have a cure?

NO, only treatments.

How to calculate proof?

Proof reflects twice the alcohol content in the beverage.

microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)

Second major enzyme system in the liver that metabolizes alcohol.

wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Severe brain disorder associated with chronic excessive alcohol consumption.

Fatty liver

Stage one of alcoholic liver disease, in which fat begins to build up in the liver cells.

Cirrhosis

Stage three of alcoholic liver disease, in which liver cells die and are replaced by scar tissue.

Alcoholic hepatitis

Stage two of alcoholic liver disease, in which the liver becomes inflamed.

Alcohol poisoning

State in which the BAC rises to the point that a person's central nervous system is affected and his or her breathing and heart rate are interrupted.

Ferment

To metabolize sugar into carbon dioxide and there gasses

Alcohol is a _____.

Toxin

T/F Drinking too much alcohol can lead to malnutrition.

True

T/F Red wine contains phytochemicals that are beneficial for the heart.

True

T/F The MEOS system begins to function when too much alcohol is consumed and overwhelms alcohol dehydrogenase.

True

T/F Women feel the effects of alcohol sooner than men.

True

Potatoes and grains create

Vodka

Fermentation of the glucose and fructose in grapes and other fruits produces

Wine

Moderate drinking

according to the dietary guidelines for Americans, up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks a day for men.

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)

alcohol-metabolizing enzyme found in the liver that converts acetaldehyde to acetate.

The second stage of alcohol liver disease is __________.

alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic liver disease

degenerative liver condition that occurs in three stages.

Alcohol abuse

drinking too much or too often, binge drinking.

To slow the rate of alcohol absorption, it's a good idea to __________.

eat food before, and/or while, drinking alcohol

The scientific name for alcohol found in consumable beverages is __________.

ethanol

Distillation

evaporation and then collection of a liquid by condensation. liquors are made using distillation.

Alcohol dependence

impaired control over alcohol intake.

What affect does alcohol have on RAS?

it impaired this part of our brain that keeps us awake. (that is why some people pass out from alcohol)

Which of the following beverages is considered a standard drink? - one 16-ounce pint of beer - one 12-ounce bottle of beer - a 6-ounce glass of wine - a margarita made with two 1-ounce shots of tequila

one 12-ounce bottle of beer

Acetaldehyde

one fo the first compounds produced in the metabolism of ethanol. eventually, acetaldehyde is converted to carbon dioxide and water is excreted.

Molasses and sugar cane create

rum

microsomes

small vesicles in the cytoplasm of the liver cells where oxidative metabolism takes place

alcohol tolerance

state in which the body has adjusted to long-term alcohol use by becoming less sensitive to the alcohol.

Secondary malnutrition

state of being malnourished due to interference with nutrient absorption or metabolism.

primary malnutrition

state of being malnourished due to poor diet, consuming either too much or too little of a nutrient or energy.

blue agave plant creates

tequila

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)

the first line of alcohol metabolizing enzymes, found in the stomach and liver.

Ethanol

the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages