Dual Enrollment History Mid-Term Review

Seven Years War

(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions.

Mayan

A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar. They flourished between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E..

Sam Adams

A member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence.

Pocahontas

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas' brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.

Aztecs

Also known as Mexica, they created a powerful empire in central Mexico (1325-1521 C.E.). They forced defeated peoples to provide goods and labor as a tax.

Sir Walter Raleigh

An English adventurer and writer, who was prominent at the court of Queen Elizabeth I, and became an explorer of the Americas. In 1585, Raleigh sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island in present-day North Carolina. It failed and is known as " The Lost Colony."

Incans

Another great Native American civilization. Settled in Peru. Conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

Poor Richard's Almanac

Benjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a hill"

Samuel de Champlain

French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635) Father of New France.

Fort Duquesne

French fort that was site of first major battle of French and Indian War; General Washington led unsuccessful attack on French troops and was then defeated at Fort Necessity, marking beginning of conflict.

John Smith

Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter. "No work, no food" policy.

Johnathan Edwards

Helped start great awakening and wrote sinners in the hands of an angry god

Indentured Servants

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor

Powhatan

Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who became the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Navigation Laws

Series of laws passed, beginning in 1651, to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England.

Anglican Church of England

The established church of England, colonial Virginia, and the Southern colonies, This church was founded by King Henry VIII and strengthened by Elizabeth I.

Harvard

The oldest college in America, originally based on the Puritan commitment to an educated ministry

Martin Luther

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

House of Burgesses

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619, representative colony set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legistlative acts.