EAQ Fund. Nurs. Science
The nurse uses evidence-based practice while providing nursing care to clients. What distinguishes research-based practice different from evidence-based practice? It uses knowledge based only on research studies. It is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice. It involves the conscientious use of current best practice. It involves clinical expertise and client preferences and values.
A
Which type of theory is the Neuman systems model? Grand theory Descriptive theory Prescriptive theory Middle-range theory
A
In which process of Swanson's theory is the nurse engaging when explaining neonatal care to a parent? Enabling Knowing Doing for Being with
A According to Swanson's theory, the nurse is engaging in enabling when explaining the care of a neonate to a parent. Enabling includes informing/explaining/supporting/allowing, focusing, generating alternatives, validating, and giving feedback.
What is the purpose of block and parish nursing? To provide services to older clients To promote health throughout a school curriculum To provide nursing services with a focus on health promotion and education To provide primary care to a client population living in a community
A In block and parish nursing, nurses living within a neighborhood provide services to older clients or those unable to leave their homes. Health promotion throughout a school curriculum is provided by school health. Nurse-managed clinics provide nursing services with a focus on health promotion and education, chronic disease assessment management, and support for self-care and caregivers. Community health centers are outpatient clinics that provide primary care to a client population living in a community.
A nurse is teaching a parent about the different temperaments that a child may display. What personality aspects would a difficult child display? Select all that apply. A difficult child is highly active, irritable, and irregular in habits. A difficult child displays an intense and primarily a negative mood. A difficult child adapts slowly to new routines, people, or situations. A difficult child displays a mild-to-moderately intense mood that is typically positive. A difficult child responds with mild but passive resistance to novelty or changes in routine.
ABC
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about systems theories with a specific reference to Neuman's systems theory. Which statements made by the nursing student post teaching are accurate? Select all that apply. "Factors that change the environment also affect an open system." "The components are interrelated and share a common purpose to form a whole." "A system is composed of separate components and the components can be open or closed." "Neuman's systems theory defines a total-person model of holism and a closed-systems approach." "An open system interacts with the environment, with an exchange of information between the system and the environment."
ABE
A nurse is collecting a client's medical information by talking to the family and caregivers of the client. Which phase of helping relationships is the nurse exercising? Working phase Orientation phase Termination phase Preinteraction phase
D The nurse is exercising the preinteraction phase when he or she collects medical data from the client's caregivers. During the working phase, the nurse motivates the client to exercise self-exploration about his or her own health condition. The nurse tries to form a healthy relationship with the client during the orientation phase. The termination phase is when the nurse winds up the conversation and evaluates goal achievements with the client.
Which of these databases should the nurse use to obtain a broad view on biomedical and pharmaceutical studies? PubMed EMBASE MEDLINE PsycINFO
B
Which theorist suggested that the goal of nursing is to use communication to help clients reestablish a positive adaptations to their environments? King Peplau Nightingale Benner and Wrubel
A
A client with bone cancer is receiving hospice care at home. The hospice program also provides respite care. What is the purpose of respite care? Assisting the client with meals and personal care Providing short-term relief to the family caregiver Providing skilled nursing interventions for the client Providing counseling and treatment for behavioral problems
B
What is the main focus of community health nursing? To meet the acute care needs of a population To improve the quality of health in a population To influence political processes affecting public policies To assess the healthcare needs of an individual or family
B
According to Watson's theory, in which practice is the nurse least likely to engage? Caring for the client in an almost spiritual way Focusing on the people who are supporting the client Curing the disease before engaging in care of the client Promoting transpersonal teaching and learning with the client
C
A hospital needs to hire a nursing staff for the intensive care of cancer clients. Which of these positions is most likely to be filled by the nurse? Nurse practitioner Nurse administrator Certified nurse-midwife Clinical nurse specialist
D
A nurse finds that there is an inaccurate match between clinical cues and the nursing diagnosis. What is the category of the diagnostic error? Labeling Collecting Clustering Interpreting
D An inaccurate match between clinical cues and the nursing diagnosis is an interpreting error. Interpreting errors include failing to consider conflicting cues, using an insufficient number of cues, and using unreliable or invalid cues errors.
Which factor is used to assess the quality of health care provided to a client? Fall prevention measures employed for the client Functional health status of the client after discharge Hand hygiene practiced by the health care personnel Teamwork and coordination among health care personnel
B
With reference to the nursing process as a system, what is content? Content is the end product of a system. Content serves to inform a system about how it functions. Content is the product and information obtained from the system. Content is the data or information that comes from a client's assessment.
C
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. To which age group does Industry versus Inferiority apply? 3 to 6 years 1 to 3 years 6 to 11 years Birth to 1 year
C According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, Industry versus Inferiority applies to the 6 to 11 years of age group. Initiative versus Guilt applies to the 3 to 6 years of age group. Autonomy versus Sense of Shame and Doubt falls in the 1 to 3 years of age group. The Trust versus Mistrust stage applies to the birth to 1 year age group.
Which theory emphasizes the facilitation of the body's reparative processes by manipulating the client's environment? Orem's theory Watson's theory Leininger's theory Nightingale's theory
D
What is the primary focus of the nurse when providing evidence-based care to the client? Practice trends Research studies Clinical experience Problem-solving approach
D Evidence-based practice is first and foremost a problem-solving approach to care. This problem-solving approach incorporates application of current best practice along with knowledge from research studies and clinical expertise.
Which of these cultural groups is known to practice Ayurveda to prevent and treat illness? East Asian Hispanic Asian Indian Native American
C
Which statement is true about Betty Neuman's theory? Betty Neuman's theory is based on anthropology. Betty Neuman's theory views the client as an adaptive system. Betty Neuman's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. Betty Neuman's theory defines the outcomes of the nursing based on humanistic aspects of life.
C
Which nursing diagnosis is an example of a client response to a health condition? Risk for acute confusion Impaired social interaction Readiness for enhanced nutrition Readiness for increased family coping
B
Which of these is a part of health belief model? Behavioral outcomes Behavior-specific knowledge Perception of susceptibility to an illness Individual characteristics and experience
C
A theory contains a set of components such as concepts, definitions, assumptions or propositions. What do these components help to explain? Domain Paradigm Phenomenon Environment or situation
C
According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, which developmental age is called the latent stage? Toddler Preschool Middle childhood Adolescence
C According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, middle childhood age is the latent stage. Early childhood and toddlers are in the anal stage. Preschool is the phallic stage. Adolescence is the genital stage.
Which statement made by a nursing student about Swanson's theory of caring needs correction? The components of Swanson's theory of caring provide a foundation of knowledge for nurses to direct and deliver caring nursing practices. Swanson's theory of caring defines five components of caring: knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining belief. Swanson's theory of caring provides a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. Swanson's theory of caring was developed by Kristin Swanson by conducting extensive interviews with clients and their professional caregivers.
C Swanson's theory of caring provides a basis for identifying and testing nurse caring behaviors to determine if caring will improve client health outcomes.
What is the function of the Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) set up by the federal government? To identify "Never Events" in health care To set national priorities to transform healthcare To review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care To eliminate overuse of diagnostic and treatment services
C
Which age is considered the phallic stage according to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory? Birth to 18 months 18 months to 3 years old 3 to 6 years old 6 to 12 years old
C According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, 3 to 6 years of age is considered the phallic stage. Birth to 18 months of age is considered the oral stage a. Six to 12 years of age is the latent stage. Eighteen months to 3 years of age is the anal stage.
A nurse is teaching a parent about the different temperaments that a child may display. What characteristics does a slow-to-warm up child display? Select all that apply. The child adapts slowly with frequent communication. This child is regular and predictable in his or her habits. The child is highly active, irritable, and irregular in his or her habits. The child reacts with mild but passive resistance to novelty. The child reacts negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli.
ADE A slow-to-warm up child adapts slowly with frequent communication and reacts to novelty with mild but passive resistance. A slow-to-warm up child also reacts negatively and with mild intensity to new stimuli. An easy child is regular and predictable in his or her habits. A difficult child is highly active, irritable, and irregular in his or her habits.
Which statement accurately describes correlational research? Correlational research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Correlational research explores the relationships among variables of interest without any active intervention by the researcher. In correlational research, the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable. Correlational research measures the characteristics of people, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur.
B
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Piaget's theory of cognitive development that includes four periods, which are related to age. Which age group corresponds with concrete operations? 2 to 7 years 7 to 11 years Birth to 2 years 11 years to adulthood
B According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the concrete operations period applies to the age group of 7 to 11 years of age. The preoperational period is during the age group of 2 to 7 years. The sensorimotor period applies to the age group of birth to 2 years. The formal operations period applies to the age group of 11 years to adulthood.
Which theory describes the phenomenon of grief or caring? Grand theories Descriptive theories Prescriptive theories Middle-range theories
B Descriptive theories describe a phenomenon such as grief or caring. Grand theories provide the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing. Prescriptive theories discuss interventions and expected outcomes for a specific phenomenon.
Which nursing theory focuses on the client's self-care needs? Roy's theory Orem's theory Watson's theory Leininger's theory
B Orem's self-care deficit theory focuses on the client's self-care needs. According to Roy's theory, the goal of nursing is to help a person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness. Watson's theory of transpersonal caring defines the outcome of nursing activity with regards to the humanistic aspects of life. The major concept of Leininger's theory is cultural diversity, with the goal of nursing care being to provide the client with culturally specific nursing care.
What is the goal of nursing according to King's theory? Developing positive interactions between the nurse and the client Promoting health, restoring the client to health, and preventing illness Focusing on the client's need for nursing care as a means of coping with stressors of illness Using communication to help client reestablish positive adaptation to environment
D
An African man presents to the emergency department to obtain pain medication. The nurse behaves judgmentally and labels the client a drug abuser. What is the nurse demonstrating? Ethnocentrism Multiculturalism Cultural encounter Cultural imposition
A Ethnocentrism is the tendency of a person to hold his or her own beliefs superior to those of other people. It causes biases and prejudices in regard to people from other groups. This practice is transmitted by cultural groups from one generation to another.
A nurse is recalling Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which statement is a characteristic of the concrete operations stage? "A child is able describe a process without actually doing it." "A child faces difficulty in conceptualizing time." "A child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do." "A child believes that his or her actions and appearance are constantly being scrutinized."
A
Which feature according to Benner is observed in a nurse at the "proficient" level? The nurse learns by means of a set of rules. The nurse identifies the principles of nursing care. The nurse identifies problems related to the health care system. The nurse focuses on managing care rather than managing skills.
D
Which basic human needs belongs to the fourth level as per Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Select all that apply. Self-worth Achievement Security needs Belonging needs Self-actualization
AB Fourth level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs encompasses self-esteem needs, which involve self-confidence, usefulness, self-worth, and achievement. Security needs are included in the second level. Belonging needs such as friendship, social relationships, and sexual love come under the third level. Self-actualization is the basic human need, which belongs to the final level.
Which statement regarding Roy's theory of nursing needs correction? The Roy adaptation model views the environment as an adaptive system. The need for nursing care occurs when the client cannot adapt to internal and external environmental demands. The goal of nursing is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness. All individuals must adapt to the following demands: meeting basic physiological needs, developing a positive self-concept, performing social roles, and achieving a balance between dependence and independence.
A
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which opposing conflicts is an older adult likely to face? Trust versus Mistrust Integrity versus Despair Intimacy versus Isolation Industry versus Inferiority
B According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, an older adult is likely to face the opposing conflict of Integrity versus Despair. An infant in the age group between birth and one year old is likely to face the opposing conflicts Trust versus Mistrust. A young adult is likely to face the opposing conflicts Intimacy versus Isolation. School-aged children between the ages of 6 and 11 years are likely to face the opposing conflicts Industry versus Inferiority.
Which domain of the nursing intervention phase includes electrolyte and acid-base management? Domain 1 Domain 2 Domain 3 Domain 4
B Domain 2 of the nursing intervention phase includes electrolyte and acid-base management. Domain 2, or the physiologic complex, includes care that supports homeostatic regulation. Domain 1 includes care that supports physical functioning. Domain 3 incorporates care that supports psychosocial functioning and facilitates lifestyle changes. Domain 4 involves care that supports protection against harm.
A nurse is working in a health care organization that has Magnet status. What specific responsibility does the nurse have in this organization? The nurse must follow best-practices for quality improvement. The nurse must use research-based practice to provide client care. The nurse must collect data for comparison against a national level. The nurse must refrain from taking independent actions during client care.
C
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Nightingale's theory of nursing. Which statements have been correctly stated by the nursing student as a result of the teaching? Select all that apply. Nightingale's theory states that the focus of nursing is caring through the environment. Nightingale's theory limits nursing to the administration of medications and treatment. Nightingale's theory suggests that every nurse should know all about the disease process. Nightingale's theory is oriented towards providing fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and adequate nutrition. Nightingale's theory focuses on helping the client deal with the symptoms and changes in function related to an illness.
ADE
How many levels of critical thinking exist for nursing judgment? Record your answer using a whole number.
3 The first level is basic critical thinking, in which the nurse has faith that the expert has the right answer to each problem. The second level is complex critical thinking. The nurse examines and analyzes information provided by the expert. A nurse engaging in this critical thinking may discover that another option is available with which to solve an issue. The third level of critical thinking is commitment. A nurse at this level can make choices without help from others.
Which example indicates that the nurse is following evidence-based practice? The nurse documents client care in an electronic health record. The nurse reads current nursing journals and uses the latest scientific methods. The nurse uses flowcharts and diagrams to record the client's progress. The nurse encourages the hospitalized client's family to bring home-cooked food.
B
What is a stressor? A stressor is any stimuli that can produce tension and cause instability within the system. A stressor exists within the client system, such as the physiological and behavioral responses to illnesses. A stressor exists outside the client system; external stressors include changes in healthcare policies or increased the crime rates. A stressor is a term, description, or label given to describe an idea or responses about an event, a situation, a process, a group of events, or a group of situations.
A
Which statement is true about prescriptive theories? Prescriptive theories are action-oriented. Prescriptive theories help to explain client assessment. Prescriptive theories focus on a specific field of nursing. Prescriptive theories are the first level of theory development.
A Prescriptive theories are action-oriented. They test the validity and predictability of a nursing intervention. These theories address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, describe the conditions under which the prescription occurs, and predict the consequences. Descriptive theories help to explain client assessment. A middle-range theory tends to focus on a specific field of nursing. Descriptive theories are the first level of theory development.
A nurse has made a nursing diagnosis without validating the data obtained from the client. Into what category does this error fall? Labeling Collecting Clustering Interpreting
A The nurse's error of failure to validate the data is categorized as labeling. Errors at the collecting level include inaccurate data, missing data, and disorganization. Errors at the clustering level include insufficient clusters of cues, premature or early closure, and incorrect clustering. At the interpreting level, errors include failure to consider conflicting cues and failure to consider cultural influences or developmental stage.
What is the primary focus of nursing care in the "family as context" approach? The relationship among family members The health and development of an individual The ability of the family to meet their basic needs The family's process of caregiving for a sick member
B
Which of the following statements about a case manager is correct? "A case manager identifies and implements new and more effective approaches to problems." "A case manager has the ability to establish an appropriate care plan based on the assessment of clients and families." "A case manager helps clients identify and clarify health problems and chooses appropriate courses of action to solve these problems." "A case manager applies a critical thinking approach to ensure appropriate, individualized nursing care for specific clients and their families."
B
A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Which statement made by the nursing student needs correction? "The hierarchy of basic human needs includes five levels of priority." "The second level includes safety and security needs, which involve physical and psychological security." "The fourth level contains love and belonging needs, including friendship, social relationships, and sexual love." "The final level is the need for self-actualization, which includes the ability to solve problems and cope realistically with situations of life."
C
In a clinical study, subjects were given chlorhexidine and betadine as antiseptics. How will a nurse researcher categorize this research? Evaluation research Descriptive research Correlational research Experimental research
D
While teaching a nursing student, a registered nurse says "This is a study in which the investigator controls the study variable and randomly assigns subjects to different conditions to test the variable." Which type of research is the above statement? Historical research Evaluation research Exploratory research Experimental research
D
Which internal variable influences health beliefs and practices? Family practices Cultural background Socioeconomic factors Intellectual background
D Intellectual background is an internal factor that affects the client's health beliefs and practices.
Which domain of the Nursing Interventions Classification taxonomy includes care that supports homeostatic regulation? Domain 1 Domain 2 Domain 3 Domain 4
B Domain 2 of the Nursing Interventions Classification taxonomy includes care that supports homeostatic regulation. Domain 1 includes care that supports physical functioning. Domain 3 includes care that supports psychosocial functioning and facilitates life style changes. Domain 4 includes care that supports protection against harm.
What is true about prescriptive theory? Prescriptive theory is non-specific. Prescriptive theory focuses on medication. Prescriptive theory is seen in Neuman's system model. Prescriptive theory focuses on the phenomenon of an event.
B
What is the definition of descriptive research? Descriptive research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Descriptive research measures the characteristics of persons, situations, or groups. Descriptive research is designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. Descriptive research explores the interrelationships among variables of interest without any active intervention.
B Descriptive research is defined as a study that measures characteristics of persons, situations, or groups and the frequency with which certain events or characteristics occur. Evaluation research tests how well a program, practice, or policy is working. Historical research is designed to establish facts and relationships concerning past events. Correlational research explores the interrelationships among variables without any active intervention by the researcher.
A nursing student notes the characteristics of middle-range theories. Which points noted by the nursing student are accurate? Select all that apply. A. Middle-range theories are systematic and broad in scope and complexity. B. Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. C. Middle-range theories do not address a specific phenomenon and do not reflect practices such as administration, clinical, or teaching. D. Middle-range theories include Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness, which focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty. E. Middle-range theories tend to focus on a specific field of nursing (such as uncertainty, incontinence, social support, quality of life, and caring) rather than reflect on a wide variety of nursing care situations.
BDE Middle-range theories provide a basis to help nurses understand how clients cope with uncertainty and the illness response. Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness is an example of a middle-range theory; it focuses on a client's experiences with cancer while living with continual uncertainty.
A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about descriptive theories. Which point stated by the nursing student needs correction? Descriptive theories are the first level of theory development. Descriptive theories explain, relate, and in some situations predict nursing phenomena. Descriptive theories help direct specific nursing activities. Descriptive theories describe phenomena, speculate on why they occur, and describe their consequences.
C
A client is in a state of ambivalence. Which of these stages of health behavior will the nurse suspect? Preparation Maintenance Contemplation Precontemplation
C The nurse will suspect the stage of contemplation. This stage of health behavior is characterized by a client's attitude towards a change; the client is most likely to accept that change in the next six months. The stage of preparation is when a client believes that a change in his or her behavior is advantageous. During the maintenance stage, changes need to be implemented in the client's lifestyle. In the precontemplation stage, the client is not willing to hear any information about the changes in the behavior.
What type of research explores the interrelationship among variables of interest without any active intervention by a researcher? Historical research Evaluation research Exploratory research Correlation research
D
Which opposing conflict would a middle-aged adult face according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Integrity versus Despair Intimacy versus Isolation Identity versus Role Confusion Generativity versus Self-Absorption and Stagnation
D
Which statement about Orem's theory needs to be corrected? It determines self-care needs. It explains the types of nursing care. It aids in the design of nursing interventions. It describes factors supporting the health of the family.
D
Which step in the research process is similar to the assessment step of the nursing process? Analyzing the results Conducting the study Developing hypothesis Identifying the problem
D
Which system is used by a health care facility to determine certain aspects of client satisfaction? Six Sigma Value Stream Analysis Health Care Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) The Hospital Consumer of Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)
D
The Magnet Recognition Program for health care organizations is based on fourteen forces of magnetism related to five magnet model components. Which force of magnetism is assessed to review the structural empowerment of the organization? Quality of care Quality improvement Interdisciplinary relationships Personnel policies and programs
D Health care organizations that apply for Magnet status must demonstrate innovations in professional practice. One of the forces of magnetism that impacts the structural empowerment of the organization is its personnel policies and programs. Personnel policies of an organization should provide an innovative environment in which the staff are developed and empowered. Empirical quality outcomes are reviewed by assessing the quality of care. New knowledge, innovations, and improvements are reviewed by assessing the quality improvement of the health care organization. Interdisciplinary relationships are assessed to review exemplary professional practice.
Which theory details nursing interventions for a specific phenomenon and the expected outcome of care? Grand theories Predictive theories Descriptive theories Prescriptive theories
D Prescriptive theories detail nursing interventions for a specific phenomenon and the expected outcome of the care. Grand theories provide the structural framework for broad, abstract ideas about nursing. Predictive theories identify conditions or factors that predict a phenomenon. Descriptive theories help to explain client assessments.
Which theory is based on the model of primacy of caring? Roy's Theory Watson's Theory Betty Neuman's Theory Benner and Wrubel's Theory
D The model of primacy of caring is the basis of Benner and Wrubel's Theory. This theory focuses on client's need for caring as a means of coping with stressors of illness. According to Roy's theory, the goal of nursing is to help the person adapt to changes in physiological needs, self-concept, role function, and interdependent relations during health and illness.
A nurse is in the process of conducting research. What action indicates that the nurse is designing the study? The nurse gathers all relevant articles and focuses on reviewing the literature. The nurse obtains approval from the proper authorities and enlists the research subjects. The nurse checks whether all investigators are following the appropriate study protocol. The nurse prepares questionnaires and selects the treatment plans necessary for the study.
D The stage of designing the study is when the nurse chooses the instrumentation for conducting the study. In this stage, the nurse prepares questionnaires and selects physiological measures, interviews, and treatments necessary for the study. The first stage of the research process involves identifying of the problem. At this stage the nurse may gather all relevant articles and review literature for the purpose of conducting the research. The stage of conducting the study involves the nurse obtaining approval from the appropriate authorities and enlisting research subjects. The nurse also monitors whether all investigators are following the appropriate study protocol in order to ensure accuracy of the findings.
Which statement is applicable to Watson's theory of transpersonal caring? Watson's theory views the client as an adaptive system. Watson's theory is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. Watson's theory focuses on providing the client with culturally specific nursing care. Watson's theory defines the outcome of nursing activity in relation to the humanistic aspects of life.
D Watson's theory of transpersonal caring defines the outcome of nursing activity in relation to the humanistic aspects of life. The Roy adaptation model views the client as an adaptive system. The Neuman systems model is based on stress and the client's reaction to the stressor. Leininger's theory focuses on cultural diversity; the goal of nursing care should be to provide the client with culturally specific nursing care.