EAQ HIV/AIDS

Which is a common means of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) transmission? Sexual Causal Perinatal Household Parenteral Workplace

Sexual Perinatal Parenteral

Which laboratory changes are most likely in a patient whose immune system is being overwhelmed by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV)? CD4+ T-Cell counts and viral numbers fall CD4+ T-Cell counts fall, viral numbers rise CD4+ T-Cell counts rise, viral numbers fall CD4+ T-Cell counts and viral numbers rise

CD4+ T-Cell counts fall, viral numbers rise Rationale: In early HIV infection before the disease is evident, the immune system can still attack and destroy most of the newly created virus particles. However, with time, the number of HIV particles overwhelms the immune system. Gradually, CD4+ T-Cell counts fall, viral numbers (viral loads) rise and without treatment, the patient eventually dies of opportunistic infection or cancer.

Which sign or symptom is a central nervous (CNS) indication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Nausea Diarrhea Dementia Confusion Lymphadenopathy High blood immunoglobulin levels

Dementia Confusion

The nurse expects which symptom in an adult with an acute infection that has occurred within 4 weeks of first being infected with human immune deficiency virus (HIV)? Fever Night sweats Memory loss Muscle aches Purplish lesions

Fever Night Sweats Muscle Aches Rationale: Memory loss is a central nervous system symptom that may occur with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Purplish lesions are a sign of Kaposi sarcoma that may occur with AIDS.

The nurse educates a patient who is immunocompromised about preventing infection and identifies that which occurrence warrants immediate notification of the health care provider (HCP)? Foul-smelling or cloudy urine Missing a dose of prescribed drugs An intermittent cough without sputum Temperature greater than 99 F

Foul-Smelling or Cloudy Urine Rationale: The patient should take all prescribed drugs but does not need to call the physician if he or she misses a dose; rater, he or she can read the drug's instructions that describe when to take the next dose. A persistent cough with or without sputum indicates an infection, but an intermittent cough does not. The patient needs to contact the HCP for a temperature greater than 100 F.

Which class of drugs for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection prevents viral binding? Fusion inhibitors Protease inhibitors Integrase inhibitors Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Fusion Inhibitors Rationale: Fusion inhibitors prevent the interaction needed for entry of HIV into the CD4+ T-Cell. New virus particles are made in the form of one long protein strand that is clipped by the enzyme HIV protease into smaller functional pieces. Protease inhibitors work here to inhibit HIV protease. HIV then uses its enzyme integrase to get its DNA into the nucleus of the host's CD4+ T-Cell and insert it into the host's DNA. Integrase inhibitors prevent viral DNA from integrating into the host's DNA. NRTIs prevent viral replication by reducing how well reverse transcriptase can convert HIV genetic material into human genetic material.

Abnormal functioning of which body system is responsible for the signs and symptoms of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection? Immune Respiratory Cardiovascular GI

Immune

Which class of drugs for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection prevents the virus from inserting its DNA into the host's DNA? Fusion inhibitors Protease inhibitors Integrase inhibitors Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Integrase Inhibitors

Which disease- and treatment-related endocrine problem may occur in patients with human immune deficiency virus (HIV)? Lipoatrophy Lipodystrophy Diabetes Adrenal insufficiency Elevated triglycerides

Lipoatrophy Lipodystrophy Diabetes Adrenal Insufficiency Elevated Triglycerides

Which sign or symptom is an immunologic indication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Nausea Diarrhea Dementia Confusion Lymphadenopathy High blood immunoglobulin levels

Lymphadenopathy High Blood Immunoglobulin Levels

Which sign or symptom is a GI indication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)? Nausea Diarrhea Dementia Confusion Lymphadenopathy High blood immunoglobulin levels

Nausea Diarrhea

Which class of drugs for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection reduces how well HIV genetic material can be converted into human genetic material? Fusion inhibitors Protease inhibitors Integrase inhibitors Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

When determining the financial resources of a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the nurse recognizes that the information obtained will help with the assessment of which patient status? Neurologic status Nutritional status Cardiovascular status GI status

Nutritional Status Rationale: The financial resources of a patient with AIDS may give the nurse insight into the patient's food intake, weight loss or gain, general condition of skin, and overall nutritional status of the patient.

A higher incidence of which condition occurs among pregnant women with the human immune deficiency virus (HIV)? Premature delivery Shoulder dystocia Gestational diabetes Transmission of the disease to the infant Low-birth-weight infants

Premature Delivery Transmission of the disease to the infant Low-birth-weight infants

Which class of drugs for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection prevents new virus particles from splitting into functional pieces? Fusion inhibitors Protease inhibitors Integrase inhibitors Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

Protease Inhibitors Rationale: Fusion inhibitors prevent the interaction needed for entry of HIV into the CD4+ T-Cell. New virus particles are made in the form of one long protein strand that is clipped by the enzyme HIV protease into smaller functional pieces. Protease inhibitors work here to inhibit HIV protease. HIV then uses its enzyme integrase to get its DNA into the nucleus of the host's CD4+ T-Cell and insert it into the host's DNA. Integrase inhibitors prevent viral DNA from integrating into the host's DNA. NRTIs prevent viral replication by reducing how well reverse transcriptase can convert HIV genetic material into human genetic material.

Which features of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) convert its ribonucleic acid (RNA) into DNA and insert it into the host's DNA? Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and lipid bilayer p17 matrix and p24 capsid gp41 and gp120 docking proteins Reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes

Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Enzymes

Which is true regarding the risk for human immune deficiency virus (HIV) transmission from patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)? The patient's viral load is low, therefore there is no risk for transmission. The patient is no longer HIV positive, so there is no risk for transmission. The patient's viral load and risk for transmission remain high, although other signs and symptoms may decrease. The patient's viral load may drop to undetectable levels, but there is still a risk for transmission.

The patient's viral load may drop to undetectable levels, but there is still a risk for transmission.

Which defines the concept known as Treatment As Prevention (TAP) of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV)? Written consent for including HIV screening as part of routine testing is not required. The use of HIV-specific antiretroviral drugs in an HIV-uninfected adult serves the purpose of preventing HIV infection. The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the viral load to undetectable levels, thereby reducing the risk of HIV transmission. Expanded screening recommendations include a one-time screen for all adults ages 15 to 65, annual screening of those at heightened risk, routine prenatal screening, and frequent testing in adults with repeated high-risk exposures.

The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the viral load to undetectable levels, thereby reducing the risk of HIV transmission.

Which type of food item does the nurse instruct a patient with human immune deficiency virus (HIV) to avoid? Salty foods Cooked fruits Starches Undercooked meat Rare fish

Undercooked meat Rare fish Rationale: Toxoplasmosis encephalitis

Which features of the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) assist the viral particle in finding a host? Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and lipid bilayer p17 matrix and p24 capsid gp41 and gp120 docking proteins Reverse transcriptase and integrase enzymes

gp41 and gp120 Docking Proteins