Earth Science: Chapter 3
Coal beds originate in what?
freshwater coastal swamps and bogs
The most important mechanical weathering process is?
frost action
Particle size is the primary basis for distinguishing among various detrital sedimentary rocks.
True
Metamorphism is commonly associated with mountain building.
True
The largest quantity of metamorphic rock is produced by regional metamorphism.
True
The most abundant sedimentary rock is shale.
True
As the rate of cooling increases, the size of the crystals that form:
decreases
This dense, nonfoliated metamorphic rock is produced most often from sandstone.
Quartzite
This rock gets its name from a chain of mountains located in South America.
Andesite
Bowen's reaction series predicts the sizes of the different mineral grains that grow from crystallizing magmas.
False
Compaction is most significant as a lithification process for sedimentary rocks composed of sand-sized particles.
False
Evaporites have a biochemical origin.
False
Like most other liquids, water decreases in volume when it freezes.
False
Metamorphism can affect only sedimentary rocks
False
Olivine and quartz are commonly found together in the same rock.
False
Slate is associated with high-grade metamorphism.
False
The particles in breccia are primarily silt sized.
False
What is as strong parallel alignment of different mineral bands in a metamorphic rock?
Foliation
Obsidian exhibits what kind of texture?
Glassy
Rhyolite is the fine-grained equivalent of this igneous rock.
Granite
Select the coarse-grained rock which is composed mainly of quartz and potassium feldspar from the list below: a) basalt b) andesite c) granite d) diorite
Granite
This igneous texture is characterized by two distinctively different crystal sizes.
Porphyritic
Basalt is the fine-grained equivalent of gabbro
True
During metamorphism the material undergoing deformation remains a solid
True
Glassy igneous rock form when magma cools too fast for mineral grains to grow.
True
Most limestone has a biochemical origin.
True
One magma can produce several different igneous rocks having different mineral compositions.
True
Quartz is quite resistant to weathering and is an important component of sand in riverbeds and on beaches.
True
The single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks is strata or beds.
True
Sedimentary rocks compose approximately what percent of Earth's outermost 10 miles?
a) 5
Which rock type is associated with a high-energy environment? a) conglomerate b) shale c) chert d) none of these
a) conglomerate
Compaction would probably be most significant as a lithification process for: a) shale b) sandstone c) conglomerate d) breccia
a) shale
a) shale b) sandstone c) breccia d) conglomerate
a) shale
a) granite b) basalt c) diorite d) gabbro
b) basalt
Which of the following is not related to chemical weathering: a) decomposition b) frost wedging c) hydrolysis d) oxyidation
b) frost wedging
Granite and gabbro a) have a similar mineral composition b) have a similar texture c) a and b d) are in no way similar
b) have a similar texture
Detrital sediments would predominate in all of the following environments except: a) swamp b) salt flat c) river floodplain d) delta
b) salt flat
Igneous rock is formed:
by crystallization of molten rock
a) pressure b) recrystallization c) melting d) chemical fluids
c) melting
Which of the following lists the rocks in the order of increasing grain size and increasing grade of metamorphism? a) phyllite, slate, schist b) schist, slate, phyllite c) slate, phyllite, slate d) slate, schist, phyllite
c) slate, phyllite, slate
a) lithification b) cementation c) weathering d) compaction
c) weathering
Which pair of minerals is most common in detrital sedimentary rocks?
clay and quartz
Rocks that contain crystals that are roughly equal in size and can be identified with the unaided eye are said to exhibit what kind of texture?
coarse-grained
An igneous rock that contains vesicles: a) is also extrusive b) is also fine grained c) contains many small holes d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Sedimentary rocks a) may contain fossils b) hold important clues to Earth's history c) may be economically important d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Which of the following changes may occur during metamorphism? a) certain minerals may recrystallize b) the rocks become more compact c) crystals may grow larger d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Metamorphism may result from: a) heat b) pressure c) chemical action d) all of these
d) all of these
Which of these factors influence the type and rate of weathering: a) mineral content b) climate c) topography d) all of these
d) all of these
Which one of the following is NOT true about mechanical weathering? a) produces smaller pieces b) adds to the effectiveness of chemical weathering c) does not change the rock's chemical composition d) does not affect metamorphic rocks
d) does not affect metamorphic rocks
Intrusive rocks: a) are generally fine grained b) form at Earth's surface c) are quite often vesicular d) none of the above
d) none of the above
a) oxidation b) dissolution c) hydrolysis d) sheeting
d) sheeting
Which of the following best describes bedded gypsum and rock salt? a) detrital sedimentary rocks b) varieties of dolostone c) varieties of coal and peat d) evaporites, chemical, sedimentary rocks
evaporites, chemical, sedimentary rocks
What is composed of alternating bands of light and dark silicate minerals?
gneiss
Which of the rocks listed below is a popular building stone? a) basalt b) andesite c) granite d) diorite
granite
The primary agent of contact metamorphism is:
heat
The agents of metamorphism are?
heat, pressure, and chemical fluids
Chemical weathering would be most effective in what climate?
in a warm, humid climate
The most abundant chemical sedimentary rock is:
limestone
The common rock produced by the metamorphism of limestone is what?
marble
Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) primarily on the basis of:
particle size
Which of the following is NOT a product of chemical weathering of potassium feldspar? a) silica b) potassium ions c) iron oxide d) clay
potassium ions
The texture of an igneous rock:
records the rock's cooling history
Which one of the following is an igneous rock? a) limestone b) rhyolite c) slate d) shale
rhyolite
What type of metamorphic rock will shale normally become following low-grade metamorphism?
slate