EatRight Prep Practice Test 4

What is the recommended time frame for avoiding pregnancy after bariatric surgery?

1-2 years Women are encouraged to avoid pregnancy for 1 to 2 years after bariatric surgery. Pregnancy during this time frame could result in complications related to potential nutrient deficiencies secondary to reduced food intake and malabsorption.

What is the protein requirement for patients on peritoneal dialysis?

1.2 g/kg to 1.3 g/kg Protein needs are higher in peritoneal dialysis. For stable patients receiving peritoneal dialysis, 1.2 g protein per kg to 1.3 g protein per kg is recommended .

The standard recipe for the entrée makes 24 servings and each entrée serving is sold for $3.99. The sales goal for the entrée is $1200 total in one day. How many batches of the standard recipe should be prepared to meet the goal?

1200/3.99= 300.75 entrees 300.75 entrees/24 servings= 12.5 Round up to make 13 batches of the recipe to have enough entrees to sell to meet the sales goal.

For adults older than 19 years, how many grams of carbohydrate are needed daily for an adequate supply of glucose to the brain?

130 g The National Academy of Sciences recommends consuming at least 130 g (520 kcal) carbohydrate per day, the minimum amount of carbohydrates needed to produce enough glucose for the brain to function.

The cook's tally shows 141 grilled chicken breasts for lunch. However, the hospital anticipates a 2% increase in hospital census during this time and the foodservice company restricts food waste to no more than 3% waste. How many chicken breasts should the cook prepare based on the information and answer options provided?

145 To make this calculation: Adjust the cook's tally for the increase in hospital census by multiplying the number of chicken breasts to be cooked (141) by the increase in hospital census (2%) 141 chicken breasts planned x 1.02 = 143.82 chicken breasts Round up to 144 chicken breasts B. Determine how many chicken breasts would exceed the 3% food waste guideline by multiplying the amount of chicken to be cooked (141) by the waste factor (3%) 141 chicken breasts planned x 1.03 = 145.23 chicken breasts

What is the minimal internal temperature for cooking chicken breast?

165°F

f a facility requires 80 hours of work per week, how many full-time equivalents should be hired?

2 A full-time equivalent employee is 8 hours per day, 5 days per week.

For how many seconds should hands be washed?

20 seconds

Food thermormeters must be accurate to within how many degrees?

2°F

How many pressure ulcer/injury stages are there?

4 According to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, there are four stages of pressure ulcer/injury.

At what age should peanut-containing foods be introduced to an infant with egg allergy and severe eczema?

4-6 months To reduce risk of peanut allergy, it is recommended that infants with severe eczema, egg allergy, or both be introduced to age-appropriate, peanut-containing foods as early as age 4-6 months. Infants should be introduced to other solid foods first to determine developmental readiness.

What does the National Restaurant Association consider to be the temperature danger zone?

40°F-140°F

What is the recommended parts per million of available chlorine for a lukewarm, 1-minute chlorine bath used to sanitize dishes and utensils?

50 It is recommended that a minimum of 50 ppm available chlorine be used in a lukewarm chlorine bath to sanitize dishes and utensils.

Calculate the kcal from a 500 mL 20% intralipid in a parenteral nutrition regimen

500 mL × 2.0 kcal/mL = 1000 kcal

A person with diabetes has an insulin to carbohydrate ratio of 1:10. How much rapid-acting insulin would this person need to cover a 72 g carbohydrate meal?

7 units Insulin to carbohydrate ratios are calculated based on the total amount of insulin used in one day divided by 500. To calculate the amount of insulin needed for an individual meal or snack, divide by the total grams of carbohydrate in the meal by the ratio (72/10=7).

Which compound is found in the skin and converted to vitamin D3 through ultraviolet B exposure?

7-dehydrocholesterol 7-dehydrocholesterol is found in the skin of humans and is converted to vitamin D3 through UVB exposure. Ergocalciferol is vitamin D2 (largely human-made and added to foods), ergosterol is previtamin D2 (forms found in plant sources), and cholecalciferol is vitamin D3 in the final form after synthesis in the skin.

What is the labor turnover if 7 employees in a department of 52 were terminated or quit?

7/52 × 100 = labor turnover of 13%

Which of the following is the correct Current Procedural Terminology code for Medicare initial individual assessment?

97802 97803 is the code for reassessment; 97804 is the code for medical nutrition therapy (MNT) group; and G0270 is the code for MNT reassessment second referral. The Medicare initial individual assessment code is 97802

A long-term care facility requires a cook, server, trayline personnel, and supervisor for 8 hours daily to serve residents. How many full-time equivalents (FTEs) are needed to run the foodservice operation at this facility?

A full-time equivalent is based on the work done by a full-time employee, typically 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week, or 2,080 hours a year. In this question, the facility is open 7 days/week, so 4 positions x 8 hrs/day x 7 days/week = 224 hours/week. Divide hours needed by FTE (224 hours / 40 hours). The result is 5.6 FTEs.

After a major flood, which of the following is OK to retain?

A retort pouch of cashews Foods with retort pouches and cans are waterproof and safe to retain, so long as certain precautionary measures are followed, such as removing labels, thoroughly washing the pouches or cans with hot water (if available), brushing or wiping away any silt, and sanitizing by immersion. Jars and canisters with screw tops or snap lids and boxes containing infant formula are not waterproof and should be thrown out.

What is the recommended pregnancy weight gain for a woman with a body mass index (BMI) of 27?

A woman with BMI of 27 kg/m2 is overweight and the recommended weight gain is 15 to 25 lb.

An inventory control tool that uses high, medium and low value system is known as the _____ method.

A-B-C Inventory The principle of the ABC inventory method is that effort, time, and money for inventory control should be allocated among products according to their value.

Which of the following is NOT a ketone body?

Acetyl CoA The three ketone bodies are acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate.

Which of the following populations has the highest prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes?

American Indian/Alaska Native According to data on US adults in 2013-2016, American Indians/Alaska Natives had the highest prevalence of diagnosed diabetes (14.7%).

Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are associated with dementia?

B12, B6, folate, omega-3 fatty acids B12, B6, folate, and omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies are associated with dementia. Inability to meet nutritional requirements orally,a common occurrence in dementia, makes older adults with advanced dementia potential candidates for nutrition support. Deficiency of certain micronutrients need to be evaluated before enteral nutrition support initiation.

Employment background checks typically include which of the following?

Bankruptcy record

Stools that are clay-colored indicate a disturbance in the production or secretion of which of the following?

Bilirubin Clay color in stool may indicate biliary obstruction of the flow of bile to the intestine. This obstruction may be caused by a tumor or gallstone in the bile duct or pancreas. The change in stool color as related to these conditions is often a gradual process.

Once full compliance with the US Food and Drug Administration's updated requirements for nutrition labels on food products is required, which nutrients must be included as an amount and a percentage on the nutrition label?

Calcium, vitamin D, iron, potassium Calcium, vitamin D, iron, and potassium are considered key nutrients. Percentages and amounts are included for consumers who are seeking to attain or limit their intake to a specific level.

Calculate the labor cost percent of the following: Salaries: $40,240 Benefits: $3,100 Wages: $20,000 Total sales: $560,420

Calculate total cost of labor (salaries + wages + benefits) /total number of sales. In this scenario, the organization has a labor cost of 11%

What does the USDA regulate?

Canned meat

Which chemical compound causes irritation that stimulates nerve endings to provide the sensation of spicy-hot?

Capsaicin Capsaicin is a chemical compound in hot chili peppers. Bromelain and papain are enzymes found in pineapple and papaya, respectively. Piperine is chemical compound found in black peppers.

Which non-essential compound is used to transport non-esterified long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for beta oxidation?

Carnitine Carnitine, found in most body tissues, is needed for the transport of fatty acids. This is especially true for long-chain fatty acids, which need carnitine across the inner mitrochondrial membrane for oxidation.

What is the predominant protein in cow's milk?

Casein Casein makes up 80% of the protein in cow's milk

_____ are responsible for catalyzing change in an organization.

Change agents

What is the recommended test to screen for gestational diabetes in a client who has a history of roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and is experiencing dumping syndrome?

Check fasting and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels for 1 week It is recommended to check fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels for 1 week during 24-28 weeks gestation. A 1-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) or 3-hour GTT could trigger dumping syndrome, as a high glucose load causes a hyperosmolar environment in the small bowel and the GTT can also result in hypoglycemia in patients who are post gastric bypass surgery. Checking Hgb A1c levels is not recommended for diagnosing gestational diabetes since it is not as reliable as oral glucose tolerance testing.

The World Health Organization growth charts for children younger than age 2 are based on data from

Children from six different countries on different continents Growth chart data were measured in the United States, Oman, Norway, Brazil, Ghana, and India for a global representation of normal growth based on a foundation of exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months

Which of the following nutrients is not increased in the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet?

Chloride DASH diet is rich in magnesium, potassium, calcium, protein, and fiber. Chloride is not emphasized as an important nutrient in this dietary pattern.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition that affects transport of which mineral across the cell membrane?

Chloride Mutation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) on chromosome 7 results in the abnormal CFTR protein that transports chloride across the membranes of lungs, liver, pancreas, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and skin.

Which substance is necessary for production of bile?

Cholesterol Cholesterol is of one of many components of bile; it is the primary sterol in bile.

Carotenoids are incorporated into _____ within the enterocyte to be taken to the lymph system and eventually the blood.

Chylomicrons Chylomicrons are formed within the enterocyte and carry carotenoids along with triacylglycerols out of the basolateral membrane of the enterocyte and enter the lymph system. Micelles carry carotenoids into the apical membrane of the enterocyte. Retinoic acid can leave the enterocyte and directly enter the blood and travels bound to blood albumin to the liver.

An employee who goes out of their way to succeed in one area or activity to make up for deficiencies in another area or activity is exhibiting what type of behavior?

Compensation Compensation is a defense mechanism wherein a person tries to make up for deficiencies by overachieving in other areas or activities.

Which of the following heat-transfer methods uses direct contact of one object or substances with another?

Conduction Conduction transfers heat through direct contact from one object or substance to another.

In which type of foodservice is food processed onsite and then prepared and distributed on the premises and served after holding for a short period of time?

Conventional Conventional foodservice prepares food on the premises, which is served after production.

Which vitamin deficiency is likely to develop in a patient with liver disease?

D Vitamin D deficiency is frequently reported in liver disease patients and is thought to result from impaired synthesis and absorption.

Xerostomia is a condition marked by which of the following?

Decreased salivary secretion and dry mouth A person with xerostomia experiences decreased saliva production and dry mouth

What type of meal service is Meals-on-Wheels?

Delivery service

Which of the following is the term for "a general or modified diet prescribed and documented in a client's medical record"?

Diet order A diet order is a general or modified diet prescribed and documented in a client medical record by a credentialed provider as part of a medical treatment plan

Which of the following is an effect of lung disease on nutritional status?

Difficulty preparing food due to fatigue. Shortness of breath related to lung disease can cause fatigue, which may affect a person's ability to procure and prepare food and could result in poor nutritional intake.

Which of the following should be the frontline test when diagnosing food allergy?

Double-blind placebo-controlled challenge For diagnosing a true food allergy, the gold standard is the double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. According to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, basophil histamine release/activation, lymphocyte stimulation, facial thermography, gastric juice analysis, endoscopic allergen provocation, hair analysis, applied kinesiology, provocation neutralization, allergen-specific IgG, cytotoxicity assays, electrodermal test (Vega), and mediator release assay (LEAP diet) all lack the requisite evidence to be recommended for use in diagnosing food allergy.

Which of the following refers to successfully producing a desired result?

Effectiveness Effectiveness refers to successfully producing the desired result.

Which acts as an emulsifier in food preparation?

Egg yolk Egg yolks are high in phospholipids, which contain both lipophilic fatty acid groups and hydrophilic head groups. These allow aqueous and fatty substances to become stable in an emulsion.

What happens to the rate of metabolism during severe acute pancreatitis?

Energy expenditure increases, hypermetabolic Severe acute pancreatitis resembles the hypermetabolic, hyperdynamic state similar to sepsis, which increases energy needs due to the increase of the metabolic rate by up to 139%.

What are the stages of motivational interviewing?

Engaging, focusing, evoking, planning The stages of motivational interviewing are engaging, focusing, evoking, and planning. The principles listed in option B are components of motivational interviewing, but they do not represent the stages in the process. To explore DARN is to consider the reasons someone would change and can be part of evoking. The items listed in option D are the 4 components of acceptance.

What percentage of total energy from fat should be provided through an elemental (hydrolyzed) formula to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD)?

Enteral formulas should provide the patient with at least 3%-4% of total energy as fat in order to decrease the chances of developing EFAD.

Which of the following is the study of how workers interact most efficiently within their work environment, including equipment, the work station, and climate?

Ergonomics Ergonomics is the study of how workers interact most efficiently within their work environment.

Which of the following is present in steatohepatitis?

Fat accumulation and inflammation of the liver Damage occurs to hepatocytes due to an excess of primary metabolic substrates (glucose, fructose, and fatty acids) in the liver, resulting in diversion of fatty acids into pathways that promote cellular injury and a dysfunctional response to that injury.

Agenda mapping typically occurs in the _____ process of motivational interviewing.

Focusing During the focusing process of motivational interviewing, agenda mapping is an effective technique that is used in the preliminary phases of consultation to create a plan or goal for a client's appointment or treatment.

Which federal agency regulates labeling accuracy for food items in the United States?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The FDA is responsible for ensuring that foods sold in the United States are safe, wholesome, and properly labeled.

Practices and associated attitudes that predetermine what, when, why, and how a person eats is referred to as _____.

Food habits

What is the purpose of a tabletop drill in a foodservice organization?

For emergency preparedness Tabletop drills are facilitator-guided, discussion-based exercises in which team members convene in a classroom-type setting to discuss their respective roles and expected responses during an emergency situation. These drills are used to help train department managers in preparedness for emergency situations.

To make sure clients can recognize carbohydrate foods, an RDN administers a short quiz at the start of the appointment. This is considered a _____ type of assessment

Formative A formative assessment is conducted during the learning process to identify learner misconceptions, difficulties, and gaps. It allows the RDN to adjust the approach to teaching based on participants' understanding. A summative assessment evaluates student learning, knowledge, or proficiency upon completion of a course.

Which of the following statements regarding fruit juice consumption in infants and children is NOT true?

Fruit juice can be introduced in diluted form at age 6 months The AAP has changed its guidance and now recommends fruit juice not be given to an infant until age 1. With early introduction of fruit juice, the juice may be given in place of human milk or infant formula, which can result in decreased intakes of protein. The other options regarding juice recommendations are all true.

Which of the following is the BEST example of an educational objective?

Given a list of foods, participant will identify those highest in MUFA Educational objectives specify the means to achieve an outcome, whereas educational goals do not specify how an outcome will be reached. Because options A and C do not specify the means to achieve an outcome, they are educational goals. Furthermore, educational objectives focus on what participants will learn, not what an instructor will do, so option D is not correct. That the student will learn something specific (foods high in MUFA) and how (by being given a list of foods),

Which transporter distributes fructose across the intestinal apical membrane?

Glut-5 Glut-5 is primarily located in the apical membrane of the jejunum and is the main transporter of fructose from the lumen to the enterocytes. Fructose is passively transported by glut-5 across the intestinal apical membrane and then glut-2 transports fructose from the cytosol to the blood.

Which of the following processes occurs in response to an increase in plasma glucose concentrations?

Glycogen synthesis occurs With an increase in plasma glucose, glycogen synthesis occurs. Gluconeogenesis is stimulated by glucagon, growth hormone, epinephrine, and cortisol; insulin increases; and glycogenolysis takes place when there is a decrease in glucose levels.

What does the Older Americans Act Nutrition Program (OAANP) offer?

Grants to support nutrition services at the state level for individuals older than 60 years of age The OAANP offers state grants to support nutrition services for older adults, including programs that provide health-promoting meals in a variety of group settings, such as senior centers, and faith-based settings, as well as in the homes of frail, isolated homebound older adults

Which equation is the least accurate for measuring resting energy expenditure (REE) in those with liver cirrhosis?

Harris-Benedict Predictive REE equations demonstrate limited accuracy in patients with cirrhosis, as energy requirements are commonly underestimated. Of these equations, Harris-Benedict is the least reliable in this population.

What is HACCP?

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points

Which milk alternative typically contains the most protein per 8-oz serving?

Hemp Hemp milk generally contains 5 g protein per 8 oz as compared to almond milk, coconut milk, and rice milk, which contain 1 g protein per 8 oz.

Which of the following would restrict a nutrition services employee from food handling?

Hepatitis A

Which of the following is a likely diagnosis if acanthosis nigricans are present?

High insulin levels in the blood Insulin crosses the dermoepidermal junction to affect the keratinocytes. The binding of excess insulin to insulin-like growth factors stimulates proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, leading to acanthosis nigricans.

Which is not an example of nutrition-related complications that may occur after bowel surgery?

Hives There is no evidence to support hives as a bowel-related complication

Which of the following would NOT be acceptable for a vegan menu?

Honey-roasted carrots

Long-term use of corticosteroids can lead to which of the following?

Hyperglycemia Long-term use of corticosteroids like prednisone leads to hyperglycemia, hypertension, increased risk of infection, osteoporosis, and bone fracture, thin skin, suppressed adrenal gland hormone production.

In type 1 diabetes, what is the risk of trying to keep the blood sugars very low (as close to the non-diabetic range as possible)?

Hypoglycemia Attempts to keep blood glucose levels within a narrow range via aggressive insulin dosing will inevitably result in some low levels of blood glucose, which can have significant adverse effects, particularly in children.

Where in the body does leptin relay the status of fat stores?

Hypothalamus Leptin is a satiety factor that represents a major signal that relays the status of fat stores to the hypothalamus and plays a significant role in energy homeostasis

When is it OK to store raw poultry immersed in ice? (Assume all other conditions for safe storage have been met.)

If it was received that way If raw poultry or raw fish is received immersed in ice in shipping containers, they may be stored in that condition until preparation, display, service, or sale.

Which of the following indicates a breastfeeding infant has a good latch?

Infant's cheeks are rounded Among the signs that a breastfeeding infant has a good latch are that the infant's cheeks are rounded, swallowing is audible, there are no clicking or smacking sounds, and the infant's chin is touching the breast.

Intake of _____ should be carefully monitored in patients with kidney disease because phosphorous is more easily absorbed from this source.

Inorganic phosphate food additive Dietary phosphorus is found in organic and inorganic sources. Organic sources are animal and vegetarian; inorganic sources are food preservatives. A concern for patients with chronic kidney disease is that the body could absorb as much as 100% of inorganic phosphorus via processed foods. Because absorption rate is variable among different sources, whether a phosphorus source is organic or inorganic and whether it is animal or vegetarian, is noteworthy for this population. Emphasize intake of plant-based proteins and foods containing no inorganic phosphorus additives in these patients.

What is the intrinsic factor in B12 absorption?

It is a glycoprotein that is secreted by parietal cells of the stomach that binds to B12 and is taken up by the distal ileum This glycoprotein is required in order for B12 to be absorbed properly. This condition is not present in any other vitamins. B12 is essential for consumption and deficiency can cause serious harm.

Which of the following is true of "Ask Me 3"?

It is intended for patients to become more active members of their health care team Ask Me 3 is an initiative that encourages the patient to be more involved in their health care by always asking the following questions: 1. What is my main problem? 2. What do I need to do? 3. Why is it important for me to do this?

Which of the following lists the tasks, duties, and responsibilities of a job, the job's working condition, and the tools, materials, and equipment used to perform it?

Job description

What is the term for the ratio that reflects whether an organization can pay its short-term bills?

Liquidity Liquidity ratio is the ratio between liquid assets and liabilities. This ratio represents the relationship between the organization's cash on hand/assets that can be readily converted to cash and the current financial obligations.

What compound in tomatoes is considered a potential anticancer agent, especially in prostate cancer?

Lycopene Lycopene, a non-provitamin A carotenoid also found in pink grapefruit, has demonstrated anticancer properties, especially in prostate cancer.

Tyramine is a pressor agent in food that can affect which class of drugs?

MAO inhibitors Monoamine oxidase inhibitors interact with pressor agents in food such as tyramine, dopamine, histamine, and phenylethylamine, which can result in a sudden increase in blood pressure.

A 100 g piece of apple pie has the following macronutrient contents: 37 g water, 3 g protein, 16 g fat, 44 g carbohydrate. What is the energy content (kcal) of this piece of pie?

Macronutrients carbohydrate (CHO), fat, and protein contribute energy to the food 3 g protein × 4 kcal/g = 12 kcal from protein 16 g fat × 9 Kcal/g = 144 kcal from fat 44 g CHO × 4 Kcal/g = 176 kcal from CHO Total = 332 kcal

Calculate the menu sales price using the factor pricing method. The raw cost of an item is $.42 and the pricing factor is 2.5.

Menu sales price = Raw food cost (.42) x pricing factor (2.5) = $1.05

Excessive consumption of milk may lead to development of _____.

Microcytic anemia Milk is low in iron content and larger intakes of milk (cow, goat, and soy) may displace high-iron foods, leading to iron-deficiency anemia. The most common cause of microcytic anemia is iron-deficiency anemia. Megaloblastic anemia is caused by folate or vitamin B12 deficiency. Hemolytic anemia does not have nutrient-related etiology and can be caused by certain viral or bacterial infections, medications, and medical conditions.

Which of the following complications can result from persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes?

Microvascular disease resulting in neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy When hemoglobin A1c rises above 7%, there is a progressive increase in the risk of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.

_____ is the accumulation of excess fat in the liver.

NAFLD Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is fatty buildup in the liver with inflammation or scarring, and NAFLD is the accumulation of fat in the liver. Cirrhosis is the most severe consequence of NASH.

Which of the following might need to be excluded from the diet of patients with celiac disease?

Oatmeal Although patients with celiac disease cannot tolerate wheat or gluten, there are also some celiac patients who cannot tolerate oats. Patients with celiac disease should always check packaging for oat-containing foods to ensure they are labeled as gluten free.

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the American Heart Association's Salty Six foods?

Olives In an effort to educate consumers about hidden sources of sodium in popular foods, the American Heart Association has developed an infographic called "The Salty Six." Olives are indeed high in sodium, but they are not among the six most popular foods that can add sodium to the diet.

What should be avoided when purchasing bivalve mollusks?

Opened shells Living bivalve mollusks have tightly closed shells. Open shells indicate that they are dead and should not be consumed. Shucked and canned mollusks are safe to eat.

What is the term for a budget that includes rental and labor costs needed to run the business?

Operating budget

What medication is FDA-approved for long-term weight management in pediatric patients age 12 years and older?

Orlistat Orlistat is the only long-term weight-management medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in pediatric patients age 12 and older. Liraglutide is a drug to treat to treat type 2 diabetes. Phentermine is a chemical component of Qsymia, which is an FDA-approved weight-management drug.

What term is defined as an obsession with avoiding unhealthful foods and eating a "correct" diet?

Orthorexia Orthorexia was coined in 1998 and has been gaining awareness in the health community but it has not yet been recognized as a diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Orthorexia refers to behavior that may begin with the desire to eat healthy but then ultimately turns to fixated thoughts on healthful eating and drastically changed eating behaviors. The other answer options are eating disorders with specific diagnostic criteria and that are marked more by a fixation on the amount of food consumed rather than the source of food.

Promptly removing rotten apples from produce storage helps to prevent the formation of what toxin on other apples?

Patulin Apples are particularly vulnerable to patulin, a toxic chemical that produces a mold that infects produce. Promptly removing rotten apples helps to protect the other apples in produce storage.

Which of the following is a good strategy for fostering trust between managers and employees and preventing workplace conflict?

Permit employees to voice dissent with the mission and strategies

Which laboratory values can be abnormally low when evaluating nutritional status in patients with liver disease?

Prealbumin Albumin and prealbumin may be moderately or abnormally low in patients with liver disease, even in the presence of good nutrition. These proteins decrease in production in a diseased liver.

A foodservice employee dissatisfied with a newly implemented policy in his department tells his supervisor that another employee is displeased with the policy rather than admitting his personal displeasure. What type of defensive behavior is this?

Projection

Which of the following is the best example of a SMART goal?

Purchase a pair of walking shoes that fit before I meet with my RDN next week. SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, results focused, and time bound. Losing a specific percentage of body weight is potentially not achievable and doesn't specify a time frame by which the goal will be achieved. The goal of incorporating 150 minutes a week of physical activity and using mindfulness techniques while eating should be more specific regarding what kind of activity/what kind of mindfulness techniques and the time frame in which it will be achieved. The goal of purchasing walking shoes specifies a time frame and is specific, measurable, and achievable.

Which model of cultural competence identifies the primary and secondary features of culture?

Purnell The Purnell and Campinha-Bacote cultural competency models are the two most popular frameworks used by health care professionals. The Leiningers Sunrise model emphasizes respect for a patient's culture but it doesn't give cultural competency context for health care professionals to use in practice. The Purnell model comprises 12 domains and focuses on primary and secondary features of culture.

Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative research?

Randomized controlled trial Qualitative research is considered formulative exploratory studies characterized by a receptive, seeking attitude of the investigators and an intense study of the participants. Randomized controlled trials represent quantitative research.

Which of the following is NOT considered a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's dual theory of motivation/hygiene?

Recognition According to Herzberg, hygiene factors do not motivate but simply prevent employee dissatisfaction and act as a precondition for motivation. In Herzberg's theory, salary, company policy, and working conditions are all hygiene factors, whereas recognition is a motivator.

A counselor says to a patient, "Right now, it's too difficult to fit medication into your busy lifestyle. Nevertheless, I'm glad you came here today and are letting me know about this problem. It shows your health is important to you." Which of the following strategies is the counselor incorporating?

Reflection, affirmation This type of statement is a combination of two foundational counseling principles. Cheerleading isn't useful as an affirmation technique, this statement is not summarizing nor is it empathic.

Which of the following foods would be recommended for a patient being treated for gastroparesis?

Rice High-fiber foods like oranges and bran cereal can delay gastric emptying and lead to early satiety, which may result in bezoar formation. Carbonated beverages like ginger ale are inappropriate as they may cause distension. Rice is recommended for patients with gastroparesis.

What is the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization

Which of the following terms is used to denote loss of inventory?

Shrinkage

Which federal legislation established an insurance program that protects covered employees against loss of earnings resulting from retirement, unemployment, or disability?

Social Security Act

Which of the following is not a priority when designing a menu?

Sodium content of food The menu is a tool used to control cost and production. Food cost, production capabilitiy, type of service, and availability of foods are the factors used to create menu design.Sodium content is not a factor in menu design.

What is the edible portion (EP) price for 2 pounds of ground beef if the as purchased (AP) price is $3.99 per pound and EP yield is .64 lb cooked, drained lean meat?

Solution: AP price ÷ EP yield = EP price First, get AP price by multiplying the price per pound by the number of pounds (3.99 x 2) Then, divide the AP price by the EP yield (7.98 ÷ .64) (3.99 x 2) ÷ .64 = 12.47

Which is NOT a cutting technique?

Spruce Mince, dice, and julienne are all types of cutting techniques; spruce is not.

Which part of a rhubarb plant is typically eaten?

Stem Rhubarb is like celery— typically the stem of the plant is the portion that is eaten.

Which of the following is a non-nutritive sweetener?

Stevia Stevia, which is produced from stevia leaves, is a purified glycoside. Agave is a nectar and sorbitol and mannitol are sugar alcohols, and all three are considered nutritive sweeteners.

What type of standards must be met to attain LEED certification?

Sustainability LEED stands for Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design certification, a green building rating system. There are four levels of LEED certification: certified, silver, gold, and platinum. LEED is intended to promote design and construction practices that minimize the negative environmental impacts of buildings and improve the interior of buildings for their occupants.

Eating seasonally is a principle of which of the following eating practices?

Sustainable

Which of the following is true about I-9 forms?

The I-9 form needs to be completed by all US employers and employees to verify the individual's identity and employment authorization This form is required for all individuals hired for employment as outlined by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services.

If a saucepan that conducts heat well is needed, which gauge should be used?

The higher the gauge of a saucepan, the thinner the metal. Heavier stainless steel does not conduct heat well. Therefore, the best option in this case is a 20-gauge saucepan.

What is the role of the liver in fat digestion?

The liver is needed for fat absorption from the small intestine Bile from the liver is needed for fat absorption. Bile is released and breaks down fats. When bile is not present, the liver can retain fatty acids, resulting in fatty liver.

Protein needs for non-critically ill patients with diabetes are _____ in comparison to those without diabetes?

The same Protein needs of patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia may vary depending on the level of stress and degree of malnutrition. Protein requirements for individuals with diabetes are the same as those for patients without diabetes: 0.8 g/kg/day or 15% to 20% of daily energy intake.

What should a dietetics practitioner consider before recommending curcumin supplements to an athlete?

There is currently not enough evidence to support this recommendation At this time, curcumin has not been the subject of extensive research in humans, and particularly in rehabilitation, so there is no specific evidence that supports curcumin supplementation in athletes. However, it has been noted that curcumin may have potential to reduce inflammation after eccentric exercise and during healing, though the therapeutic dose is notably high.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is most commonly seen in which type of diabetes mellitus?

Type 1 diabetes Diabetic ketoacidosis is commonly present when type 1 diabetes is diagnosed, though it is often mistaken for the flu. Symptoms include elevated urine ketones, severe weight loss, extreme thirst, blurred vision, lethargy, and disorientation. Inadequate insulin leads to increased lipolysis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids, resulting in overproduction of ketone bodies and loss of ketone bodies in the kidneys. This leads to retention of hydrogen ions, lowering the serum pH. It is a serious, life-threatening condition.

Which of the following may develop from taking antiretroviral therapy?

Type 2 diabetes Antiretroviral therapy (ARV) is a treatment for HIV/AIDS and includes a host of long-term and short-term side effects. Type 2 diabetes is a potential side effect with ARV.

When a person has phenylketonuria, which amino acid becomes essential?

Tyrosine Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine by phenylalanine hydrolase, a missing enzyme in individuals with PKU; therefore, tyrosine is an essential amino acid for these individuals.

Which of following are defined by standards of identity?

What ingredients must be declared on the label The Standards of Identity define what a given food product is, its name, and the ingredients which must be used, or may be used, and which ones must be declared on the label.

The anatomical structures of the lungs where gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs are the

alveoli Carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange occurs in the alveoli. Disruptors of the gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen include inadequate 02 consumption, impairment of alveolar-capillary membrane, decreased blood flow, and decreased blood oxygenation. Understanding of this element of homeostasis is necessary to appreciate the role that nutrition support plays in positively or negatively affecting lung function.

Accumulation of fluids in the peritoneal cavity is called _____.

ascites Ascites is the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. It may be caused by portal hypertension.

Bioactive compounds can be described as:

extra nutritional constituents of foods Bioactive compounds are not vitamins nor minerals; they are substances found in small quantities in a wide variety of foods. The myriad compounds differ in chemical structure but can be classified into groups. Many bioactive compounds confer a health benefit.

Microcytic anemia is caused by deficiency of the following nutrients EXCEPT _____.

folate Protein, pyridoxine, and iron deficiency cause microcytic anemia. Folate deficiency causes macrocytic anemia

The _____ makes bile salts from _____

liver; cholesterol Hepatocytes are located within a functional unit of the hepatic lobule where bile is formed. Bile salts are soluble products of cholesterol metabolism.

Which of the following nutrients has an important role in maintenance of body composition for older adults?

protein Rationale: Declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength are major contributors to increased mortality, morbidity, and reduced quality of life in older people. Recommended Dietary Allowances/Dietary Reference Intakes have failed to adequately consider the protein requirements of the elderly with respect to function. There is good, consistent evidence that consumption of 1.0 g/kg/day to 1.3 g/kg/day dietary protein combined with twice-weekly progressive resistance exercise reduces age-related muscle mass loss.

The natural inclination people have to want to make things better for another person based on the assumption that we know how to "fix" their problem is _____:

righting reflex Righting reflex is common in the helping professions, including dietetics. Practitioners need to resist the righting reflex when counseling a patient via motivational interviewing. Roll with resistance and develop discrepancy are principles of motivational interviewing.

All of these behaviors are associated with successful maintenance of lost weight EXCEPT

severely limiting kilocalories 2 days a week Those who successfully maintained weight loss in this study ate a consistent diet from day to day.

Nutrition assessment for high cholesterol assesses intake of all of the following except _____.

sodium CAGE (Cheese and other dairy fats, Animal fats, "Got it away from home," and "Eat (extra) high-fat commercial products") is a questionnaire to assess intake of saturated fats and cholesterol. Nutrients of concern for dyslipidemia include saturated fat, cholesterol, and refined carbohydrates.

A calibrated device used to measure height is called a _____.

stadiometer A stadiometer is used to measure human height.

Calcium homeostasis in the blood is regulated by all of the following except _____.

thyroxin Blood calcium is tightly regulated by calcitriol (active form of vitamin D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcitonin. Although thyroxin is an important hormone that regulates metabolism, it is not involved in calcium regulation.

What is the clinical term for dry mouth?

xerostomia Xerostomia is the clinical term for dry mouth. Cheilosis is the inflammation and fissuring of the corners of the mouth related to B-vitamin deficiency Gingivitis is inflammation of the gums. Halitosis is bad breath.

People with cystic fibrosis are most likely to become deficient in

zinc and fat-soluble vitamins Both zinc and fat-soluble vitamins are lost in the stool of individuals with cystic fibrosis due to pancreatic insufficiency.