EBP Exam 1

The process of understanding, interpreting, and conceptualizing the meanings in qualitative data is called:

Content analysis

Strengths of a convenience sample are that it:

Is a relatively easy and inexpensive way to get your sample

A researcher collects the data given below. Which answer represents the mode? 0 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 2, 2 3 4, 4, 4, 4 5, 5 6, 6, 6, 6, 7

1

A researcher collects the data given below. Which answer represents the median? 0 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 2, 2 3 4, 4, 4, 4 5, 5 6, 6, 6, 6 7

4

Which of the following topics would most likely use qualitative research methods?

Attitudes toward mammography of postmenopausal women

A researcher wants to use a test statistic that represents differences in means between a group of high school girls and a group of college women. Which test statistic should the researcher use?

A "t" value

A healthcare provider is researching for an answer to a clinical question. Which part of the research report should the healthcare provider read to obtain a brief overview of the research study?

Abstract

A baccalaureate-prepared healthcare professional can participate in the research process through which of the following activities? Select all that apply.

Acquiring informed consent. Collecting data from participants. Conducting literature reviews. Participating in journal clubs.

In the following statement, which are the independent variables? "What is the relationship among age, marital status, gender, and financial status on the effectiveness of caring for a loved one in the home environment?"

Age, marital status, gender, and financial status.

Using the six essential steps in an evidence-based model, which step necessitates making decisions about a research report?

Appraise

Which term should be used to describe the process of creating a picture of an abstract idea such as health?

Conceptualization

In which of the following sections of a research report would the healthcare provider look for the researcher's description of the final decisions regarding the research problem?

Conclusions

Which action best reflects evidence-based practice by a healthcare professional?

Critically reading and using research intelligently

Arrange the following actions in the correct order to help you find the answer to a clinical question. A) Identify key words needed for the search. B) Read and understand the full research report(s). C) Decide whether to accept or use what is found in the research. D) Develop your clinical question using Who, What, Where, and When or the PICOT method. E) Search databases such as CINAHL or MEDLINE. F) Determine if the abstract addresses your clinical question. G) Evaluate whether the research findings are useful in answering the question. H) Read the abstracts of the articles found in your search.

D, A, E, H, F, B, G, C

The abstract of a research report helps a professional healthcare provider to do which of the following activities?

Determine if the study addresses the question of interest.

Validity, rigor, and reliability in research are used to perform which function?

Ensure accuracy and consistent of measures in quantitative research.

Which of the following best describes a healthcare practitioner's action of synthesizing several research articles to answer a clinical question to improve patient outcomes?

Evidence-based practice

Which of the following is considered to be the goal of quantitative research?

Generalize a study's results

Which of the following is the overall goal of research?

Generalize a study's results to broader population represented by the sample.

What are the advantages of using snowball sampling in obtaining a sample for a qualitative research study? (Select all that apply.)

Helps identify hard to find participants. Leads to prematurely focusing on one understanding of the data. Relatively easy and inexpensive method of sampling for research studies.

What is the key purpose in learning about research and evidence-based practice?

Improve quality of care and quality outcomes, and client satisfaction.

The sampling approach used by qualitative researchers differs from the sampling approach used by quantitative researchers in which way?

In qualitative research, sampling is flexible and directed by the data as they are collected.

Prior to beginning a research study, the researchers must submit several documents to the institutional review board (IRB) for approval: the healthcare team member recognizes that the form that legally documents the agreement between the researcher and the subject or participant is the

Informed consent

The aspects of a study that create uncertainty concerning the meaning that can be derived from that study are referred to as:

Limitations

A distribution that is bell shaped and symmetric is called a:

Normal curve

The researcher is planning to use a convenience sampling method for a research study by using flyers in area department stores. How does this approach limit the usefulness of the study results?

Not every member of the population of interest has an equal chance of being in the study.

Which test statistic is most likely to appear in the results section of a research report as a measure of the value of a correlation between two variables?

Pearson product-moment "r"

Which of the following is a common error found in research reports?

Overinterpreting the results

Which researcher demonstrates an understanding of a research participant's right to confidentiality?

Password-protects research files on computer

In addition to describing and explaining the results, quantitative studies also attempt to:

Predict future outcomes

How does power analysis impact generalizability of study results?

Provides a sample large enough to detect relationships and differences.

Individuals who have impaired cognitive ability but who can understand some aspects of participation in a research study may indicate agreement to participate in the study by:

Providing assent

The healthcare provider searches the Internet for research reports to address a clinical question. Which information source should most likely provide primary research reports?

PubMED

In which section of a research report would the healthcare provider most likely encounter this statement: "Seventy-five first-time mothers stated that the nurse's ability to explain information to families of high-risk infants was the single most important factor in their recovery"?

Results

One type of sampling used in qualitative sampling consists of individuals who are intentionally selected because they have certain characteristics related to the purpose of the research. What term is used to describe this sample?

Purposive

In the results section report, the investigators describe the themes generated from the data analysis. Which type of research method was most likely used during the research process?

Qualitative

A research study in which the researcher decided that the study sample should include 100 Caucasians men, 60 African Americans, and 50 Hispanics would be an example of which of the following sampling methods?

Quota

A researcher is conducting a quantitative study and wants to ensure that all eligible participants have an equal chance of being in the study. Which research strategy should the researcher use?

Random selection

A healthcare provider is conducting a research study using the same methods and plans as another study had used. How should the healthcare provider describe this study in the research report?

Replication

In healthcare, the systemic gathering of information to gain, expand, or validate knowledge about health describes which of the following activities?

Researching

Which of the following terms represents the proportion of individuals who participate in a study divided by the number who agreed to be in a study but did not participate?

Response rate

The healthcare team member has noticed that some information provided by any individual to a researcher can be used to identify that individual in a published report. Which human right has been breached?

Right to confidentiality

The healthcare team member understands that a comparison of the amount of harm and the amount of benefit each individual may experience as a result of his or her participation in a research study refers to:

Risk:benefit ratio

A researcher is collecting and analyzing qualitative date from a one-time interview of 15 different healthcare providers. What term should the researcher use to describe this group?

Sample

A type of sampling error in which there is a tendency of individuals with certain characteristics in a population segment to agree to participate in research studies refers to:

Selectivity

Which type of sampling method begins with one individual and uses that person's contacts to identify other potential participants for the study?

Snowball

Simple random sampling differs from systematic sampling because in simple random sampling:

Subjects are selected using a table of random members

In a quantitative study, researchers use sampling strategies to focus on acquiring subjects to match as closely as possible to the population of interest. Why is this important for the researcher to do?

Supports the reliability and validity of the results

An ANOVA is a statistical test used to:

Test for differences in the means of three or more groups.

The healthcare team member understands that observing and protecting the five rights of human subjects participating in a research study is the primary responsibility of:

The researcher

A study's results indicate a significant difference, with a p value equal or less than .02. How would the healthcare provider interpret this result?

The results would occur by chance 2 out of 100 times IF the null were true.

The healthcare team member understands that the statement, "Individuals have the right to nondiscriminatory selection for participation in a study" refers to which right of human subjects?

The right to fair treatment

The larger group of persons about whom the researcher hopes to gain an understanding or knowledge refers to:

The study population

The healthcare provider is writing a research report and organizing the study participants' recurring phrases, words, and ideas. Which of the following sections should the researcher describe this organization of phrases, words, or ideas?

Themes

The results section of a research report contains the statement of (r=0.9, p=0.95). How should the reader interpret these statistics?

There is a strong positive correlation although the finders are not significant.

The results section of a research report contains the statement of (B = 7.7, p = <0.001). How should the reader interpret these statistics?

There is less than 1/10th of 1% a chance that the finders happened by chance.

Which statement is an example of a null hypothesis?

There is no relationship between rate of hair growth and bone degeneration.

Information about the sampling strategy and the actual sample is important to:

Understand to whom the results of the suited may apply

Measures of central tendency and distribution that summarize information about a single variable are examples of:

Univariate statistics

Which statement explains why conclusions from a research study can be powerful?

Used to guide healthcare practice.

How does the sample size in quantitative studies impact study results and conclusions?

Using power analysis helps ensure an adequate size sample in order to detect relationships

How do healthcare professionals implement evidence-based practices to improve client outcomes?

Using research and theory as evidence for client care decisions in clinical practice.

In qualitative research, what determines when data collection ends?

When data become redundant

In qualitative research, when does data saturation occur?

When no new categories are found.

A researcher is conducting a quantitative research study and has randomly assigned subjects to two groups for comparison. Half-way into the study, 2 subjects decided not to participate in the study. How should the researcher describe these subjects in the research report?

Withdrew from the study