Ecology First Exam

Refer to the figure. The figure shows how biomes vary with temperature and precipitation. If the precipitation in Florida (largely temperate evergreen forest) increased to an average of 275 cm per year and the temperature warmed to an average of 19°C, how would that change the landscape? Florida would be covered in tropical seasonal forest with a small area of tropical rainforest. All of Florida would be covered in tropical rainforest. Part of Florida would transition to a mix of grasslands and shrublands. All of Florida would be covered in evergreen forests.

All of Florida would be covered in tropical rainforest.

Climatic variation occurs over which time scales? Across daily, seasonal, and yearly time scales Daily time scales only Yearly and decade time scales only Daily and yearly time scales only

Across daily, seasonal, and yearly time scales

Which of these organisms would be considered a true autotroph? A dodder that pierces into the phloem of its host plant to obtain nutrients A mistletoe that receives energy from both photosynthesis and its host plant An oak tree that receives all of its energy through photosynthesis A sea slug that obtains nutrients from the algae it feeds on

An oak tree that receives all of its energy through photosynthesis

Which statement best explains why atmospheric pressure declines with altitude? There is more subsidence as altitude increases. As altitude increases, air holds less moisture and thus feels lighter. As altitude increases, there are fewer air molecules pressing down on a given molecule of air. At higher altitudes, air is cooler and thus does not move around as much as the warmer air at lower altitudes.

As altitude increases, there are fewer air molecules pressing down on a given molecule of air.

Which statement about oceanic currents is false? Dense downwelling currents move to the equator. Because they move so slowly, oceanic currents contribute little to the exchange of heat between the tropics and the polar regions. Deep oceanic currents meet surface currents at zones of upwelling. Oceanic currents can have profound effects on the climates of regions where they flow.

Because they move so slowly, oceanic currents contribute little to the exchange of heat between the tropics and the polar regions.

The coldest part of a large lake is usually in which zone? Photic Littoral Pelagic Benthic

Benthic

Refer to the figure. Invertebrates that consume detritus would most likely be found in which zone of the river ecosystem? Hyporheic zone Riparian zone Benthic zone Main channel

Benthic zone

On what time scale does the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) occur? Daily Seasonal Monthly Between 2 and 10 years

Between 2 and 10 years

Which environment typically experiences the most extreme seasonal variation? Boreal forests Tide pools Open oceans Tropical forests

Boreal forests

Refer to the figure. The figure shows how biomes vary with temperature and precipitation. If the average temperature on Earth increased, what effect would this have on the distribution of boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere? The total global area covered by tundra would increase. Both northern and southern edges of the boreal forests would move northward. Boreal forests would be able to grow further south than their present range. The distribution of boreal forests would not change.

Both northern and southern edges of the boreal forests would move northward.

Which two pathways, which provide high concentrations of CO2 to the Calvin cycle, also substantially reduce photorespiration? ATP and CAM CAM and C4 photosynthetic C4 photosynthetic and ATP C3 and C4 photosynthetic

CAM and C4 photosynthetic

What takes place during the second step of photosynthesis, referred to as the "carbon reactions"? CO2 is oxidized by solar radiation. Water is split to provide electrons to synthesize ATP and NADPH. CO2 is fixed, producing carbohydrates. Chlorophyll is oxidized by water.

CO2 is fixed, producing carbohydrates.

Refer to the figure. According to the figure, what is one factor that distinguishes CAM photosynthesis from C4 photosynthesis? CO2 uptake and the Calvin cycle are separated by space in CAM photosynthesis and by time in C4 photosynthesis C4 photosynthesis produces a four-carbon compound while CAM photosynthesis does not. C4 photosynthesis occurs during the daytime while CAM photosynthesis occurs at night. CO2 uptake and the Calvin cycle are separated by time in CAM photosynthesis and by space in C4 photosynthesis

CO2 uptake and the Calvin cycle are separated by time in CAM photosynthesis and by space in C4 photosynthesis

In the CAM pathway, in contrast to pathways in C3 and C4 plants, CO2 uptake and the Calvin cycle are separated in time, with CO2 uptake occurring during the day and the Calvin cycle at night. both CO2 uptake and the Calvin cycle occurring at night. both CO2 uptake and the Calvin cycle occurring during the day. CO2 uptake occurring at night and the Calvin cycle during the day.

CO2 uptake occurring at night and the Calvin cycle during the day.

Which of these organisms are not heterotrophs? Parasitic protozoa living in the gut of a pig Chemosynthetic archaea synthesizing carbohydrates Fungi feeding on soil detritus Bacteria consuming dissolved organic compounds

Chemosynthetic archaea synthesizing carbohydrates

Refer to the figure. Based on the figure, which group or groups of pigments absorb visible light in the red and orange part of the spectrum? Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a only Chlorophyll a and carotenoids Carotenoids only

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

Which statement about atmospheric circulation patterns is false? Cool air can hold more water vapor than warm air can. Thunderclouds potentially reach only to the boundary between the upper region of the troposphere and the bottom of the stratosphere. Air cools due to expansion as it rises in the troposphere. The condensation of water vapor into clouds is a warming process.

Cool air can hold more water vapor than warm air can.

Chemicals such as oxybenzone and octinoxate have been shown to increase coral bleaching. Hawaii became the first state to ban sunscreen containing these chemicals, effective January 1, 2021. Why did Hawaii feel it was important to protect coral reefs? Coral reefs are important for the overall health of the ocean and Earth. Bleached coral grows out of control, behaving like an invasive species. Bleached coral gives off CO2, leading to decreased ocean acidification. Coral help spread seagrass seeds.

Coral reefs are important for the overall health of the ocean and Earth.

Which statement about ecotypes is true? Ecotypes are a response to abiotic factors only. Ecotypes are populations with adaptations to unique environments. Ecotypes can never become separate species. An ecotype is always able to acclimate to severe cold weather.

Ecotypes are populations with adaptations to unique environments.

Which type of heat transfer is much more common in plants than in animals? Output of infrared radiation Reception of solar radiation Evaporative heat loss Metabolic heat generation

Evaporative heat loss

Which statement about adaptation is true? Adaptations to a particular environmental problem is always the same for every population that encounters it. "Adaptation" is another word for "acclimatization." Genetic adaptations evolve within individuals during an individual's lifetime. Genetic variation within a population is a requirement for the evolution of adaptations.

Genetic variation within a population is a requirement for the evolution of adaptations.

Which condition is more likely to occur in tundra than in tropical alpine locales? High partial pressures of carbon dioxide Extremely hot temperatures High solar radiation Very high wind speeds

High partial pressures of carbon dioxide

Certain plants, called C4 and CAM plants, have evolved the ability to perform certain functions of photosynthesis at night. Both C4 and CAM plants are found in hot environments, but the stomata for CAM plants are closed during the day. This indicates that the CAM plants have adapted to which particular type of habitat? High temperatures and insufficient water Low temperatures and insufficient water High temperatures and plenty of water Low temperatures and plenty of water

High temperatures and insufficient water

Which statement about ice is true? Ice formation at the surface of ponds speeds up warming of the waters below. Ice traps dead organisms in a layer known as the hypolimnion. It is less dense than liquid water. It has a lower albedo than open water has.

It is less dense than liquid water.

Refer to the figure. In the figure, as Ysoil declines over five days, what happens to Yleaf at night? It consistently is lower than Ystem. Stomates stay open longer. It consistently drops lower than Ysoil. It takes longer to equilibrate with Ysoil.

It takes longer to equilibrate with Ysoil.

When you touch something hot, your hand becomes warm; this is an example of the transfer of which type of energy? Radiant Kinetic Autotrophic Chemical

Kinetic

Refer to the figure. The figure illustrates the Coriolis effect for Earth. Which of the following statements about the Coriolis effect is false? The Coriolis effect has a major impact on determining global patterns of ocean currents as well as winds. If the Earth was a cylinder (with its length oriented north-south and rotating around a north-south axis) rather than a sphere, no east-west deflection of a north-south trajectory would occur. The Coriolis effect occurs because points on Earth close to the equator are rotating around Earth's axis more slowly than points farther from the equator. If the Earth's direction of rotation was from east to west rather than west to east, the deflection would still occur, but its direction would be reversed.

The Coriolis effect occurs because points on Earth close to the equator are rotating around Earth's axis more slowly than points farther from the equator.

What is measured by the lapse rate? The decline in atmospheric pressure as one moves up in altitude The amount of water that air can hold as temperature changes The decline in temperature as one moves up in altitude The decline in temperature as one moves away from the equator

The decline in temperature as one moves up in altitude

Animals in the ocean's photic zone are likely to be more abundant and more diverse because of high levels of which factor present at this level? Pressure Detritus Predation Light

Light

Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas? Oxygen Carbon dioxide Water vapor Methane

Oxygen

In which aquatic ecosystems are oxygen concentrations in the water usually highest? Deep oceans Rapidly running rivers Deep lakes Slowly running rivers

Rapidly running rivers

A forest is located at about 4°N latitude, has moderate precipitation, and grows on nutrient-poor soils. At intervals, the forest is subject to fires, which help it persist. This is most likely which kind of forest? Tropical rainforest Temperate evergreen forest Boreal forest Temperate deciduous forest

Temperate evergreen forest

Refer to the map. The map shows locations of biomes across the world. To which biome do New Zealand and the southeast section of Australia belong? Temperate evergreen forest Temperate deciduous forest Boreal forest Tropical rainforest

Temperate evergreen forest

Vegetation patterns affect the reflectance of solar radiation. The capacity of a land surface to reflect solar radiation is known as its Hadley index. lapse rate. albedo. evapotranspiration rate.

albedo

If Earth were heated slightly more at the equator, Hadley cells should become slightly _______ pronounced, and there would likely be slightly _______ rain at around 30°N. more; more less; more more; less less; less

more; less

Refer to the map. A botanical garden displays a large collection of plants. What accommodations would the Alaska Botanical Garden in Anchorage, Alaska need to make if it decided to display plants from Florida? Florida plants in the botanical garden would need to be watered less. Florida and Alaska are both in the United States and belong to the same biome, therefore no accommodations would need to be made. Plants from Florida would most likely need to be grown indoors to survive the cold winters. None, as plants can grow in any temperature or condition.

Plants from Florida would most likely need to be grown indoors to survive the cold winters.

The extreme lower limit for organismal function is reached when body temperature reaches about _______, the temperature at which _______. 0°C; water in cells freezes 3°C; enzymes become denatured -3°C; water in cells freezes 0°C; ATP production stops

-3°C; water in cells freezes

A tourist travels to the Himalayas. At first, she has difficulty hiking due to shortness of breath, but after a week, her performance has improved. This is most likely an example of _______ to lower partial pressure of oxygen. The lower oxygen condition is also known as _______. acclimatization; hypoxia adaptation; hyperoxia acclimatization; hyperoxia adaptation; hypothermia

acclimatization; hypoxia

Boreal forests most likely consist of conifers because conifers such as pines and firs can only grow in areas where permafrost is present. require the dry soil present in areas with permafrost. require large areas to grow, and the boreal forest covers the most land area of any biome. are better equipped than angiosperms to withstand cold climates.

are better equipped than angiosperms to withstand cold climates.

One characteristic of freshwater ecosystems, as compared with terrestrial ecosystems, is that freshwater ecosystems occupy more surface area. are defined by the animals they contain as well as the plants. show more variability in temperature. have been less affected by human impact.

are defined by the animals they contain as well as the plants.

A bacterium that obtains energy by converting inorganic compounds from its environment is a(n) heterotroph because it does not obtain energy from photosynthesis. autotroph because it carries out chemosynthesis. autotroph because it carries out photosynthesis. heterotroph because it does not obtain energy from organic compounds.

autotroph because it carries out chemosynthesis.

Organisms that can convert energy from sunlight or from inorganic compounds in their environment, without having to consume other organisms for their energy needs, are called monotrophs. heterotrophs. decomposers. autotrophs.

autotrophs

Rubisco is important in both photosynthesis and respiration because it slows down photorespiration to allow the plant to store carbon. slows down photosynthesis to allow the plant to store carbon. catalyzes the uptake of H2O and the synthesis of PGA. catalyzes the uptake of CO2 and the synthesis of PGA.

catalyzes the uptake of CO2 and the synthesis of PGA.

An autotrophic organism living in a hydrothermal vent on the bottom of the ocean would be expected to obtain its energy through photosynthesis only. chemosynthesis only. mostly chemosynthesis, with small amounts of photosynthesis. equal amounts chemosynthesis and photosynthesis.

chemosynthesis only.

On a warm day, a dog pants and some of the water on its tongue evaporates. This evaporation has a _______ effect that is caused by _______. warming; latent heat transfer cooling; conduction cooling; latent heat transfer warming; conduction

cooling; latent heat transfer

If the body size of an ectotherm with a semi-spherical body shape were to increase considerably, the surface area-to-volume ratio would _______, and the animal's ability to exchange heat with the environment would _______. decrease; decrease increase; stay about the same decrease; increase increase; increase

decrease; decrease

A plant in which the stomates remain closed during the daytime but are open at night would most likely live in the _______ because _______. desert; opening stomates only at night conserves water desert; hot temperatures during the day would prevent CO2 uptake tropics; opening stomates both day and night leads to excess CO2 uptake tropics; opening stomates during the day will damage physiological processes

desert; opening stomates only at night conserves water

During the summer, temperatures and plankton activity in temperate lakes are highest in the _______. This is also the period of _______ lake stratification. thermocline; highest epilimnion; lowest thermocline; lowest epilimnion; highest

epilimnion; highest

When heterotrophs consume food (organic compounds), they convert it to usable chemical energy (ATP) during the process of the Calvin cycle. glycolysis. crassulacean acid metabolism. photorespiration.

glycolysis

A biome extends across several continents. Parts of the biome on the different continents can be best identified by the growth forms of its plants. average solar radiation. amount of disturbance. types of megafauna present.

growth forms of its plants.

The opening and closing of stomates is controlled by _______. Stomate openings primarily affect the process of _______. guard cells; transpiration guard cells; conduction stomatocytes; transpiration stomatocytes: conduction

guard cells; transpiration

The most likely way to halt or limit coral bleaching, or loss of a coral's symbiotic algal partner, would be to move coral reefs to deeper water. designate all coral reefs as protected areas. halt or slow global warming. decrease sediment runoff into coral reefs.

halt or slow global warming.

A factor that makes temperate grassland biomes particularly well suited for conversion into agricultural land is their high level of soil organic matter. frequency of fires. inability to support forests. generally low level of precipitation.

high level of soil organic matter.

Orchid species that have lost their ability to photosynthesize, and instead parasitize fungi for all their energy needs, would best be classified as hemiparasites. chemosynthetic organisms. photosynthetic organisms. holoparasites.

holoparasites

The salinity of salmon is about 0.9%. Salmon living in water with 0.2% salinity would be _______ to the environment, and would tend to _______ water and _______ salts. hypoxic; gain; lose hyperosmotic; gain; lose hypoosmotic; gain; lose hypertensive; lose; gain

hyperosmotic; gain; lose

Deforestation in the tropics should result in a(n) _______ in the land's ability to reflect solar energy and _______ latent heat transfer. decrease; increased decrease; more variable increase; decreased increase; increased

increase; decreased

The thermoneutral zone is the range of temperatures in which an active endotherm is operating at its basal metabolic rate. can survive. is in torpor. is operating at its maximum metabolic rate.

is operating at its basal metabolic rate.

In comparison to deeper waters, surface oceanic waters are less dense. saltier. colder. more dense.

less dense

Boston, Massachusetts, and Albany, New York, are at about the same latitude, but Albany is farther inland. Based on this, you would expect Albany to have _______ humidity and _______ variation in temperature than Boston. less; more more; more more; less less; about the same

less; more

The temperate deciduous forest biome has been developed for agriculture for centuries. More recently, the tropical forest biome is undergoing the same transition to agriculture, but with less success. The most likely reason the tropical forest biome has adapted less well to agriculture is that this biome, compared to the deciduous forest biome, has lower soil fertility. less precipitation. more pronounced seasons. lower temperatures.

lower soil fertility.

Earth's surface releases _______ it receives by solar radiation. Additional energy inputs to Earth's surface occur in part from back radiation due to _______. more energy than; evapotranspiration less energy than; greenhouse gases more energy than; greenhouse gases about the same energy as; evapotranspiration

more energy than; greenhouse gases

During cold periods, marmots enter a state of torpor in order to alter their lower critical body temperature. In comparison to the body temperature of a bear during its long winter sleep, the temperature of the marmot drops _______, and the duration of the torpor is _______ the bear's period of sleep. much less; much shorter than much more; much shorter than much more; about the same as to about the same extent; much shorter than

much more; much shorter than

El Niño events are associated with flooding in Indonesia and parts of Australia. droughts in the southeastern United States. much reduced or absent upwelling in the eastern Pacific Ocean. greatly increased upwelling in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

much reduced or absent upwelling in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

The Connecticut River valley in western New England is an area of lowlands in between hills on both its west and east sides. During the fall and winter, the river valley will most likely be cooler than the surrounding hill towns on clear, calm nights. on windy days. when it is raining. on clear, calm nights.

on clear, calm nights.

The energy associated with dissolved solutes is called pressure potential. osmotic potential. matric potential. kinetic osmosis.

osmotic potential.

In equatorial regions, the sun's rays strike Earth's surface at a more _______ angle than they do toward the poles. This means that the same amount of energy is spread over a(n) _______ area in equatorial regions than in polar regions. perpendicular; smaller perpendicular; larger acute (less than 90 angle); larger acute (less than 90 angle); smaller

perpendicular; smaller

A researcher finds that the physical environment at a certain location alternates between marine and terrestrial with the rise and fall of the tides. A stable substratum provides an anchor against the pounding tides for a diverse array of organisms. Organisms that live there, especially those that are sessile, usually have high tolerance for changes in salinity, temperature, and desiccation. This area is most likely a(n) rocky intertidal zone. pelagic zone. estuary. sandy shore.

rocky intertidal zone.

As light increases, photosynthetic rates increase. The point at which photosynthetic rates level off is called the _______ point. saturation compensation response potential limitation

saturation

If climate change causes a tropical rainforest to receive somewhat less rainfall, it will most likely become boreal forest. temperate evergreen forest. temperate deciduous forest. savanna.

savanna

If the tilt of Earth's axis were to decrease the Intertropical Convergence Zone would move more. precipitation at the poles would not change. seasonality at the poles would increase. seasonality at the poles would decrease.

seasonality at the poles would decrease.

Leaves that are comparatively _______ and _______ lose the most heat to wind because they have _______ boundary layers than other leaves. large; rough; thicker small; smooth; thicker large; rough; thinner small; smooth; thinner

small; smooth; thinner

The biochemical pathway most commonly used by plants and chemosynthetic bacteria to fix CO2 in order to synthesize carbohydrates is the Calvin cycle. the C4 photosynthetic pathway. the Krebs cycle. glycolysis.

the Calvin cycle.

In the canopies of tropical forests, plants are able to survive despite the high temperatures and high levels of solar radiation due to the process of infrared heat transfer. conductive heat transfer. transpiration. reverse evaporation.

transpiration

The primary difference between tundra and boreal forest is that the tundra generally lacks permafrost. trees are the dominant vegetation in boreal forests but not in tundra. herds of caribou and musk oxen live in boreal forests but not in tundra. nearly all tundra areas are very dry, whereas boreal forests are wet.

trees are the dominant vegetation in boreal forests but not in tundra.

The climate of a certain region is warm to hot, with little seasonal variation in temperature, but with a pronounced dry season. The vegetation is mostly grasses, but there are some shrubs and trees. This region is most likely a tropical savanna. desert. tropical dry forest. temperate grassland.

tropical savanna.

Loss of _______ pressure results in wilting of nonwoody plants due to dehydration. turgor xyleic matric osmotic

turgor

High productivity in the open ocean would most likely be found in the Labrador current. upwelling zones. the South Pacific. polar cells.

upwelling zones.

Compared with land at the same latitude, ocean waters tend to be _______ in the winter and _______ in the summer because water has a _______ heat capacity than land has. warmer; warmer; higher colder; warmer; lower warmer; colder; higher colder; colder; lower

warmer; colder; higher

A plant living through a drought keeps most of its stomates closed. This results in a trade-off of physiological processes in which water is conserved and energy accumulates in the leaf. CO2 uptake and water loss both increase, but leaves are light-damaged. CO2 uptake and water loss both decrease, but photosynthesis increases. photosynthesis increases and energy accumulates in the leaf.

water is conserved and energy accumulates in the leaf.

The global pattern of temperature is generally influenced by all of the following except the distribution of land and water. elevation. water salinity. ocean currents.

water salinity.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the distribution of aspen in North America and the factors that limit it. What is the most common factor limiting aspen's distribution near Lake Ontario? Failure to survive drought There are no limiting factors on aspen near Lake Ontario. Failure of fruits to ripen Failure of flowers to survive frost

There are no limiting factors on aspen near Lake Ontario.

Which statement about CAM and C4 plants is true? They both open their stomata during the night. They both have differentiated mesophyll and bundle sheath tissue separated by a waxy layer. They both are typically found in wet climates. They both make use of the enzyme PEPcase.

They both make use of the enzyme PEPcase.

Which statement about kangaroo rats and their adaptations to the desert climate is false? They minimize water loss in their urine and feces. They have thicker and oilier skin than their non-desert relatives. They have more sweat glands than their non-desert relatives. Their metabolic processes supply much of their required water.

They have more sweat glands than their non-desert relatives.

Which biome contains only 11% of Earth's terrestrial vegetation cover, but is home to about half of Earth's species? Tropical seasonal forest Temperate grassland Tropical rainforest Temperate deciduous forest

Tropical rainforest

Refer to the figure. Based on the climate diagram, this location is likely in which biome? Tropical seasonal forest Temperate deciduous forest Temperate grassland Tropical rainforest

Tropical rainforest

In the absence of greenhouse gases, Earth would be about _______ than it is now. 33 oC cooler 2 oC warmer 3 oC cooler 13 oC cooler

33 oC cooler

Refer to the figure. The annual mean temperature of Miami in south Florida is approximately 70oF 10oF 0oF 50oF

70 F

Suppose that a small plant, through photosynthesis, has generated 12 trillion molecules of glucose. Based on the net reaction of photosynthesis, the cell has split how many molecules of water? 12 trillion 6 trillion 24 trillion 72 trillion

72 trillion

Which of the following is an example of chemical energy transfer? A lion metabolizing the lamb it ate The heating of the atmosphere by solar radiation A lizard warming up by sitting in the sun The heating of a lake by the sun

A lion metabolizing the lamb it ate

In which environment is transpiration likely to make the greatest contributor to the cooling of a leaf? A tropical rainforest at noon on a sunny day A hot desert at noon on a cloudy day during a summer drought A tundra grassland at noon during the winter A boreal forest at noon on the coldest day during the winter

A tropical rainforest at noon on a sunny day

Refer to the figure. Although tropical regions do not experience strong seasonality as far as temperature, they do commonly experience seasonality as far as rainfall due to a shift across the year of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). According to the figure, which of the following locations is in the southern hemisphere and why? Locality A because precipitation is highest during the time of the year when it is tilted away from the sun. Locality B because precipitation is highest during the time of the year when it is tilted toward from the sun. Locality A because precipitation is highest during the time of the year when it is tilted toward the sun. Locality B because precipitation is highest during the time of the year when it is tilted away from the sun.

Locality B because precipitation is highest during the time of the year when it is tilted toward from the sun.

Refer to the figure. The insect mouthparts shown in the figure illustrate which aspect of heterotrophic feeding adaptations? Morphological diversity based on variety of food sources Morphological diversity based on differences in insect mobility Behavioral diversity based on how the insect digests food Behavioral diversity based on how the insect finds food

Morphological diversity based on variety of food sources

Which phenomenon is a major cause of the periodic glacial advances and retreats that have occurred over the last two million years? Changes in the rate of continental drift El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Periodic changes in the amount of solar radiation received The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)

Periodic changes in the amount of solar radiation received

Which organisms can only be found in the photic zone of any aquatic ecosystem? Phytoplankton Fungi Larger animals, like fish Zooplankton

Phytoplankton

Many species of reptiles can use special cells called chromatophores to change the coloring of their skin. If a reptile wants to maximize the amount of solar radiation it can receive, it should do which of the following? Use its chromatophores to darken its skin coloration and decrease its albedo Use its chromatophores to lighten its skin coloration and decrease its albedo Use its chromatophores to darken its skin coloration and increase its albedo Use its chromatophores to lighten its skin coloration and increase its albedo

Use its chromatophores to darken its skin coloration and decrease its albedo

What takes place during the first step of photosynthesis, referred to as the "light-driven reactions"? CO2 is fixed, producing carbohydrates. CO2 is oxidized by solar radiation. Chlorophyll is oxidized by water. Water is split to provide electrons to synthesize ATP and NADPH.

Water is split to provide electrons to synthesize ATP and NADPH.