ED 210 Chapter 6

Discuss the criterion that teachers should consider when developing criterion-referenced tests and what the established levels of proficiency indicate.

-Does passing the test mean that the student is proficient and will maintain the skills? -Is the students ready to move to the next level? -Will the student be able to generalize and apply the knowledge outside of the classroom? Will the student be able pass the mastery level if it is administered at a later date? 95% and up=mastery level 90-95%=instructional level 76-80%=frustration level below 76=failure.

Identify four considerations that should e addressed during an ecological evaluation.

-Evidence that the curriculum the school uses has been shown to meet the needs of a variety of students -Evidence that the student has not missed a large amount of classes -Objective evidence that the student did not learn what was taught -evidence that the school searched for disabilities and did remediation, tryed new curriculum or teacher

The data collected through the RTI methodology can provide the special education team with important information. This information can be used to determine the answers to these four important questions.

-Has the student received consistent instruction driven from research-based methods? - Has the student had consistent absences or inferences with consistent instruction? -Can patterns in performance be noted from progress monitoring data or classroom performance? Is the student struggling in one area or in multiple areas?

Describe the function of a trendline.

A trendline is a quick way to see if the student is on target. A teacher can compare the trendline to the aimline to see if the student is falling behind and the teacher needs to adjust the instructional level.

Given the fact that general education methods are designed to meet the needs of 80-85% of the school population, present an argument supporting RTI as a pre-special education process.

RTI data is very important for diagnosis of learning and behavioral disabilities. RTI can also provide a picture for how a student performs in the classroom. The student can receive extra support in the classroom without going to the special education room.

Explain the process and purpose of RTI

RTI is an intervention program with 3 tiers. 80-85% of the students belong in tier 1 where they receive only instruction in the general classroom. Tier 2 students receive small group instruction. Tier 3 students receive individualized instruction in addition to the other tiers. Good for catching disabilities and catches problem before too late.

Your school is adopting RTI and you have been tasked with educating the faculty on the two predominate models (Standard Model or Problem-Solving Model). Provide an explanation of each model and present an argument for the model you would personally like selected.

Standard: This model uses similar interventions for students with similar disabilities. Problem Solving: If a student does not meet the standards of universal methods then a teacher and possibly and RTI committee analyze how to best meet the needs of the student.

Why is the use of RTI especially important for the evaluation process of identifying children with learning disabilities and emotional disturbance?

The information yielded by RTI can be used as evidence that a student's progress in the general education classroom does not result from lack of intensive and intentional instruction based on research. If a student does not respond to any of the tiers of RTI then they can be tested and looked at for a possible learning or behavioral disability.

Compare and contrast Section 504 and IEP

They are both free. They both need consent from the parents in order to evaluate. They both have the same standing of documentation for SAT, ACT, and AP tests. They are both plans of education that are year long and renewable. IEP falls under IDEA. 504 is under the Federal Civil Rights Act. IEP has stricter regulations for who has to be at an IEP meeting and what has to be in the documentation. IEP can only have disbility on a certain list. 504 has to inplemented in almost every school

What is the purpose of pre-referral interventions?

They are used to modify student behaviors, the learning environment and or teacher methods before making a formal referral.

Describe the required components of the IEP.

-PLAAFT -"This student's disability inhibits their progress in the general classroom" -measurable annual goals -ways to measure annual goals -explanation of why student cannot work with peers who do not have disabilities -list of special education services that the students will receive -list of individual accommodations -projected date to begin implementing

Discuss the provisions IDEA contains regarding resolving differences

-The ammendments provide mediation to resolve disputes. This is provided at no cost for the parents. -Any dispute must be resolved in 15 days or lesss. The groups must meet to find a mutually satisfactory solution. Both sides must have an attorney present. -The parents and the schools must be made aware of the process needed to file a complaint or request an impartial due process hearing.

Discuss the legal requirements when developing assessment plans for students who may be eligible for special education services and the steps professionals should take in developing an individualized assessment plan.

-assessment assesses area of concern -assessment is valid for area of concern -the person administering the test must have adequate training -review all screening information for the 7 areas -Determine areas that need further evaluation. -Determine the specific data-collecting methods to use -Determine who will give the test (must be trained)

What criterion are used when developing criterion-referenced assessments?

-objective from curriculum -criterion from IEP -standard from published test intstrument -must have many items from a narrow band of skills -many are made by teacher, but may be standardized

Discuss the four design criteria that should be inherent in effective CBMs?

-should have sufficient reliability and validity -should be easy for the teacher to use and understand -the results should be easy to explain to others -should be inexpensive because of the frequency that it is given

Identify two primary reasons why RTI was developed as a pre-special education methodology to identify students with mild disabilities and behavioral challenges.

-the difficulty of determining the difference between low and slow-achieving readers and students with learning and behavioral disabilities -there was a disproportionate number of minority student being diagnosed with learning and behavioral disabilities

Identify the severe behaviors that would result in an automatic removal from the school setting for 45 days.

-use of illegal drugs -possesion of weapons of school grounds -engagement in activities that result in extreme bodily injury to another.

What is the difference between a CBM and a CBA

A CBM is a method of monitoring instruction regularly. It is based on the achievement goal for the end of the school year and is formative. A CBA is given at the end of an instructional period and each test represents new material. They are curriculum based and can be teacher made, but are not standardized

Explain the rationale for why the Severe Discrepancy model is no longer used in identifying students with leraning disabilities and what model has replaced it.

Child had to get 2 years behind before they could receive special education services. Students got too behind. RTI replaced it. Students receive extra help before they are referred for special ed.

Discuss what grades early intervention services are available for and what grades interventions a emphasized.

Early intervention services are for at-risk students because of learning or behavioral disabilities or they dropped the program previously. Targeted in K-3, available for grades K-12

Explain how a teacher knows when they should adjust instruction for a student.

If a student falls below the aimline for three or four consecutive points of data, the teacher should adjust instruction.

Identify the criteria of what constitutes a teaching methodology being a research-based intervention

Must meet specific criteria like being studied across a large sample of students or being found to effect change in academics or behavior. It must pass the rigorous standards of the What Works Clearinghouse.

Discuss the importance of using a quantitative measure of progress in addition to using a noticeable progress in application approach.

Teachers and administrators must use the quantitative data to make effective decisions concerning the student's progress.

Discuss the difference between testing and assessment

Testing is a method to determine a student's ability to complete a task, demonstrate mastery level, or content knowledge. Assessment is the process of gathering information for progress monitoring in order to make educational decisions if necessary.

Describe how an aimline would be constructed for a progress monitoring graph.

You would first assess the student to find the baseline score. Then calculate the progress per week that the student should be making. Then multiply that by the number of weeks. Plot that number on the graph for the last week. Draw a line from the first week baseline score to the end score on the last week.

Identify the members of a multi-disciplinary IEP team

parents, student if possible, gen ed teacher, spec. ed teacher, someone from school administration, health specialists