ED 340 Final

Which of the following will be the best technique for the summative assessment of students' work? - Comprehensive tests - Short quizzes - Homework

Comprehensive tests

Which of the following diagnostic approaches uses a norm-referencing framework to interpret students' needs? - Analysis of knowledge structure - Identifying students' errors - Content strengths and weaknesses - Prerequisite knowledge and skills deficits

Content strengths and weaknesses

A science teacher discovered two weeks after students' grades were sent to parents that there was an error in the teacher's totaling of one student's marks. As a result, an incorrect grade was sent home for one student. What would you recommend to the teacher? - Since the grades have been sent home, the teacher should disregard the error. - The teacher should correct the error, award a new grade, and tell the student. - In order not to lose face before the student and the parents, the teacher should make an adjustment in the gradebook but not send home the grade change.

The teacher should correct the error, award a new grade, and tell the student.

Why is diagnostic assessment done? - To ascertain the achievement level of the students. - To ascertain the effectiveness of teaching. - To ascertain the specific strengths and weaknesses of the students.

To ascertain the specific strengths and weaknesses of the students.

Before administering his end-of-semester exam, a high school teacher hinted to his favorite students what they should expect on the exam. Which of the responsibilities of teachers has he violated? - Accommodating students - Communicating assessment results - Fairness to all students

Fairness to all students

A good assessment task should help you to distinguish clearly between less knowledgeable and knowledgeable students. True or False?

False

A single grade that combines both achievement and nonachievement factors is likely to be more valid than the one that reflects only achievement factors True or False?

False

A standardized achievement test provides good diagnostic information to the teacher. True or False?

False

A student's true score in a subject does not change with the test questions the teacher asks True or False?

False

A student's true score on a test is not related to the specific questions appearing on the test True or False?

False

Achievement tests that accompany curriculum materials are usually of higher quality than teacher-made items. True or False?

False

All standardized achievement tests are multilevel survey batteries. True or False?

False

An assessment useful for diagnosis of learning deficits is likely to be useful also for purposes of assigning letter grades. True or False?

False

Any performance activity by students in the classroom is a useful assessment task. True or False?

False

Context-dependent assessment material should be arranged so that the items appear before the interpretive material. True or False?

False

Experienced teachers seldom put much effort into preparing for parent-teacher conferences. True or False?

False

Grades should be used for formative assessment purposes. True or False?

False

If a student has a good command of a learning objective, you should expect that the student would answer a test item about that objective correctly even if the item were worded rather ambiguously. True or False?

False

If the teacher wants to select the best students in reading comprehension in her class, the norm-referencing framework is the only appropriate framework to use. True or False?

False

Immediate feedback works best for learning all different kinds of knowledge and skills. True or False?

False

In classroom assessment, fill-in-the-blank items are typically scored with the same objectivity as multiple-choice items. True or False?

False

In classroom assessment, it is acceptable if a few test items are focused on minor points of content. True or False?

False

In classroom assessment, it is of very little importance if students use their knowledge of flaws in the items to answer them correctly. True or False?

False

In the construction of multiple-choice items it does not matter whether the options are arranged in some logical order. True or False?

False

It is a professional assessment responsibility of teachers to change their students' test results to reflect the teachers' belief about what the students are capable of doing. True or False?

False

It is acceptable to use two different publishers' national norms interchangeably because their large norm-samples overlap quite a bit. True or False?

False

Multilevel survey test publishers describe how well their products match local curriculum frameworks. True or False?

False

Penalizing students who turn in assignments late by deducting points from the score increases the validity of the grade. True or False?

False

Researchers have demonstrated that most teachers know how to evaluate the quality of test items without having to take special courses in assessment. True or False?

False

Restricted response essay items can be used to assess only recall and comprehension of factual information. True or False?

False

Spelling test results are valid for ranking students in spelling contests are likely to be equally valid for evaluating the types of word patterns students can spell True or False?

False

Standardized tests' norms are quality standards against which a school can judge how well its students are learning. True or False?

False

Students should be assessed by requiring them to reproduce what was taught in class. True or False?

False

Test scores that are highly reliable are necessarily valid True or False?

False

The analysis of knowledge structure approach to diagnosis requires the teacher to focus on mistakes and errors a student makes. True or False?

False

The argument-based approach to validation implies that rhetoric is just as important as evidence in demonstrating the validity of interpretations and uses of assessment results True or False?

False

The correct answer variety of multiple-choice item is appropriate for directly assessing students' patterns of reasoning. True or False?

False

The directions on the cover page of a test booklet render any directions of a subsection of the test redundant or unnecessary True or False?

False

The primary advantage of using naturally occurring events to assess students is that they give all students the opportunity to demonstrate their ability to apply their learning in nearly identical natural settings. True or False?

False

The scores that have a high degree of reliability (e.g. 90) are also valid True or False?

False

The validity of grades you assign remains the same regardless of which stakeholder uses them. True or False?

False

The validity of the results from a restricted response essay item will tend to be lower than those from an extended response essay item. True or False?

False

To evaluate students' performance in mathematics, a teacher must measure the students in mathematics. True or False?

False

Using authentic performance tasks in the classroom ensures that most students will attain the learning objectives. True or False?

False

Using surprise quizzes is ethical when students are misbehaving and you need to use a test to gain some control of the class. True or False?

False

In selecting published material to assess students in your classroom, which of the following is the most important criterion? - The credibility of the publisher. - The technical quality of the items. - How well the tasks match what you taught.

How well the tasks match what you taught.

A single performance assessment task assesses a number of learning objectives while a traditional test item assesses only one learning objective. True or False?

True

A task that assesses understanding of a concrete concept should require a student to demonstrate how the concept is related to other concepts that the student knows. True or False?

True

A teacher who wants to assess students' general writing skills should use extended response writing prompts rather than restricted response writing prompts. True or False?

True

A test-retest reliability coefficient is a measure of the change in students' relative standing in a group from one adminstration of a test to another True or False?

True

An advantage to preparing an answer key before you administer the test to students is that you may identify mistakes in your test items. True or False?

True

In general, which of the following assessment alternatives would yield the most valid results for purposes of formative assessment of students? - Interviewing students individually - Questioning students during instruction - Best work portfolios.

Interviewing students individually

What is a major problem associated with the content area strengths and weaknesses approach in diagnostic assessment? - It cannot be used as a pretest. - It gives faulty information on students' weak areas. - It does not give enough detail about a student's difficulties. - It must be administered individually.

It does not give enough detail about a student's difficulties.

Any time a teacher measures the performance of students, the teacher tests the students. True or False?

True

For which diagnostic approach would concept maps be most useful? - Mastery of specific objectives - Identifying students' errors - Prerequisite deficits - Knowledge structure analysis

Knowledge structure analysis

Assigning students' grades helps schools to be accountable for student learning. True or False?

True

Classroom tests should be maximum performance assessment procedures. True or False?

True

In naturally occurring performances students usually do not know that they are being assessed while the opposite is true with structured tasks. True or False?

True

It is acceptable if a student can answer a test item correctly by using his or her partial knowledge of the learning objective. True or False?

True

It is possible for feedback to have no effect on student learning. True or False?

True

Multiple-choice items are appropriate for indirectly assessing students' ability to make inferences. True or False?

True

Requiring a high score to pass a prerequisite skills tests is more important when teaching in a linear, hierarchical sequence than when teaching in a spiral sequence. True or False?

True

Test scores that are highly valid are necessarily reliable True or False?

True

The depth of students' learning depends both on how students are taught and on how they are assessed. True or False?

True

The letters assigned as students' grades are supposed to represent the levels of quality of students' performance. True or False?

True

The main reason for using group projects to assess students is to determine their ability to work together. True or False?

True

The scores from a teacher-made test that is poorly typed and badly organized are likely to be less valid for student evaluation. True or False?

True

The typical multilevel achievement battery uses different test items for each grade level. True or False?

True

When crafting multiple-choice items it is important to ensure that the distractors are plausible to students who do not know the answer. True or False?

True

When grades are used to compare students they are unlikely to motivate students. True or False?

True

When you measure students' performance, you are assessing them. True or False?

True

You will improve the reliability of your students' fill-in-the-blank test scores if you use an answer key to score their responses. True or False?

True

In selecting a particular technique to use in assessing students, to what should the teacher pay attention first? - Difficulty level of the assessment - Use to which the assessment result will be put - Students' knowledge

Use to which the assessment result will be put

What is a learning objective? - What teachers should do to help students learn during an instructional segment - What students should know at the end of an instructional segment - What students can do at the end of an instructional segment

What students can do at the end of an instructional segment

In order to judge the validity of assessment results, one should look primarily for - a single sound research study demonstrating the appropriateness of the interpretation - a combination of sound research and logical explanation demonstrating the appropriateness of the interpretations - several studies demonstrating the consistency of the scores

a combination of sound research and logical explanation demonstrating the appropriateness of the interpretations

A teacher used the midterm exam to grade the students. Then the teacher reviewed students' performance in terms of their difficulties and strengths over the first half of the semester. This helped the teacher to plan his instructional activities for the second half of the semester. The midterm exam served as... - a summative evaluation of the students. - both (a) and (b) - a formative evaluation of the students.

both (a) and (b)

One of the important teaching uses for taxonomies of thinking skills is to... - ensure the complexity of learning outcomes - check whether what is to be taught and assessed covers the most important cognitive skills

check whether what is to be taught and assessed covers the most important cognitive skills

Taxonomy means the same as... - selection - organization - classification

classification

Which of the following procedures should a general science teacher use to help validate her end-of-year classroom grades? - use the end-of-year test as a criterion - compare the grades with students' test performances on several different assessments over the year - correlate the scores from the first half of the end-of-year test with scores from the second half

compare the grades with students' test performances on several different assessment over the year

Reliability refers to the - consistency of the test scores - relevancy of the test scores -usefulness of the test scores

consistency of the test scores

Evidence that a social studies test adequately samples a specific area of the social studies curriculum is called - content-related evidence - substantive evidence - external structure evidence

content-related evidence

Which of the following item formats is the best to use to assess "analyze" types of learning objectives? - essay items - multiple-choice items - short-answer items

essay items

Conversations as an informal formative assessment technique will yield the best result(s) when the questions require students to - give rather long but correct answers. - give short correct answers. - express insights and understandings.

express insights and understandings.

A weakness of typical teacher-made tests is that they tend to focus on assessing - lower level thinking skills. - applications of knowledge to real life situations. - only verbal expression of knowledge.

lower level thinking skills.

Reliability is a(an) ________________________ condition for validity of the results of a test - irrelevant - necessary - sufficient

necessary

Which of the following conditions is sufficient for the validation of a classroom test in social studies? - evidence that the assessment results are internally consistent - evidence that the assessment covers the curriculum - evidence that the content covers what the teacher wants to assess - none of the above is sufficient

none of the above is sufficient

The standard error of measurement refers to the standard deviation of - persons' true score about their observed score - persons' observed score about their true score - persons' error about their observed score

persons' observed score about their true score

How can a teacher attain a high level of consistency in scoring his/her assessment tasks? - make the tasks relatively easy for students - prepare and use scoring rubrics

prepare and use scoring rubrics

Quality information in decision-making refers to information that is - appropriate for all decision-making situations. - relevant and reliable for the specific use to which it is to be put. - widely recognized as useful in and of itself.

relevant and reliable for the specific use to which it is to be put.

The sequence of the Cognitive Process dimension of the revised Bloom's taxonomy is... - remember, understand, create, apply, analyze, and evaluate - remember, understand, analyze, apply, create, and evaluation - remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create

remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, and create

Which of the following procedures of estimating test reliability would yield the highest reliability coefficient on a test comprised of 30 heterogeneous items? - coefficient alpha - KR-20 - split-halves

split-halves

Which of the following is a general learning goal? - students should be able to measure things accurately - students should be able to add two digit numbers accurately

students should be able to measure things accurately

A teacher wants to know if students' scores on the same assessment tasks remain stable over a two-week period of time. Which of the following procedures of estimating reliability would be appropriate for this purpose? - alternate forms reliability (different occasions) - alternate forms reliability (same occasion) - test-retest reliability (different occasions) - internal consistency reliability

test-retest reliability (different occasions)

Are the grade-equivalents scores you obtain from the reading test of one publisher pretty much the same as you would obtain from the reading tests of other publishers? Yes or No?

No

Are the national norms provided by different standardized achievement test publishers essentially equivalent? Yes or No?

No

Two teachers were reprimanded by the principal because of the poor performance of their students on a standardized test. What would you recommend to other teachers who face a situation like these two colleagues? - Assist students by telling them the answers to the difficult items before testing begins. - Make a few changes to the scores of students to ensure that the class average is what the principal expects. - Limit teaching to only content that appears on the standardized test. - All of the above - None of the above

None of the above

In making evaluative decisions about students, a teacher should be most mindful of - his/her reputation as a professional. - the consequences of the decisions for students. -the consequences of the decisions for the teacher.

the consequences of the decisions for students.

Which of the following frameworks is inappropriate for prerequisite knowledge and skills assessment? - Criterion-referencing - Domain-referencing - Norm-referencing

Norm-referencing

When planning an instructional unit, which of the following is the BEST source for a teacher to find ideas about good general learning goals? - the list of topics covered in a textbook in the content area - the published standards of the state - the practices of experience teachers in the field

the published standards of the state

Which of the following best illustrates an appropriately stated learning objective? - the student will explain how airplanes fly - the student will know the parts of an airplane - the student will understand the parts of an airplane

the student will explain how airplanes fly

Which of the following best explains the importance of using statements of learning objectives in the assessment of students? - the teacher gets a better understanding of the material (subject matter) he/she is teaching through assessments - the teacher becomes aware of students' weaknesses and emphasizes those areas in his/her assessment - the teacher knows the specific outcomes students should attain and develops appropriate assessment procedures to assess them

the teacher knows the specific outcomes students should attain and develops appropriate assessment procedures to assess them

Suppose a student is given the same math test in two consecutive days. Which score will remain the same? - the error score will be the same - the obtained score will be the same - the true score will be the same

the true score will be the same

Which of the following statements is an example of a developmental learning objective? - to write a persuasive essay - to state the Pythagorean theorem - to compute the average of a set of scores

to write a persuasive essay

Validity of assessment refers to the soundness of - the assessment instrument - your interpretation and use of the assessment results - the reliability of the interpretation and use of the results

your interpretation and use of the assessment results

Which of the following actions violate(s) the professional responsibility of a teacher in the assessment of students? - Insisting that one should only use test items that are relevant and reliable. - Selecting a standardized test that is relevant to his/her purpose. - Reporting the scores to the students four weeks after a classroom test is administered. - Both (a) and (b) are violations of professional responsibility.

Reporting the scores to the students four weeks after a classroom test is administered.

Which of these teacher management activities should occur after instruction? - Review the syllabus and the textbook being used. - Observe students completing their seatwork. - Review students' class assignments and homework results against the intended learning outcomes.

Review students' class assignments and homework results against the intended learning outcomes.

Which of the following set of assessment activities will best facilitate a teacher's instructional planning? - Marking students' completed work and assigning grades on their unit test. - Observing students' attitudes and behavior and summarizing performance. - Reviewing the learning objectives, students' abilities, and past performance.

Reviewing the learning objectives, students' abilities, and past performance.

Ms. Jonah observed her students during a science lab in order to determine what the students needed to learn to be effective in carrying out lab experiments. Which of the following best describes what Ms. Jonah did? - She tested her students' performance in the lab. - She assessed her students' performance in the lab. - She measured her students' performance in the lab.

She assessed her students' performance in the lab.

What is a concrete concept? - A class of things that can be defined by verbal attributes. - A class of things that can be defined by their relationships with other concepts. - A class of things that can be defined by a common sound, appearance, taste, or smell.

- A class of things that can be defined by a common sound, appearance, taste, or smell.

As part of their science grade, students observed the clouds between 10:00 and 10:45 a.m. on a particular day, reported their observations, and predicted the next day's weather. What type of assessment task is this? - A structured, on-demand performance - A naturally occurring performance task - A demonstration - A project

- A structured, on-demand performance

Which of the following abilities can be assessed by fill-in-the-blank items? - Knowledge of facts - Comprehension - Manipulation of equations - All of the above

- All of the above

Which of the following describes a derived score? - A number telling the percentage of test items a student got correct. - A number telling the percentage of students performing above a particular obtained score in a group. - A number telling the grade level corresponding to a student's performance on a test. - All of the above are derived scores

- All of the above are derived scores

Which is not a potential sources of feedback? - Teachers can make a more informed decision when choosing a spelling book. - Self - Books - Technology - All of the above are potential sources of feedback.

- All of the above are potential sources of feedback.

The validity of grades depends on the - components of the grade such as projects, tests, etc. - ability of a teacher to weight and blend the component grades into one overall grade. - validity of each component grade. - reliability of each component grade. - All of the above.

- All of the above.

What is meant by an authentic assessment? - An assessment that authenticates a student's knowledge in an area of study. - An assessment that indicates how well a student can perform in real-life situations. - An assessment that shows the ability to explain a point of view logically.

- An assessment that indicates how well a student can perform in real-life situations.

What is a context-dependent item? - An item that is poorly written because the words are taken out of context. - An item that is based on some information or material that precedes it. - An item whose options are dependent on the content of the stem.

- An item that is based on some information or material that precedes it.

Which of the following is the best way to assess the concept "triangle"? - Ask the student to say the word "triangle" when shown a triangle. - Ask the student to identify the triangles among a number of objects of different shapes. - Ask the student to define the word "triangle" correctly.

- Ask the student to identify the triangles among a number of objects of different shapes.

Which type of multiple-choice item type presents options of various degree of correctness? - Correct-answer variety - Best-answer variety - Incomplete statement variety - Negative variety

- Best-answer variety

Classroom teachers can use derived scores to describe their students' performance when they want to - compare student's achievement with the total domain to be learned. - compare students' positions within the group. - Both (a) and (b)

- Both (a) and (b)

Which of the following must a teacher do to make a valid interpretation of a student's assessment performance? - Relate the student's performance to the domain of learning objectives the assessment sampled. - Compare the student's performance with the performance of other students who took the same assessment. - Both (a) and (b) are necessary for making valid interpretations. - Neither (a) nor (b) are necessary for making valid interpretation.

- Both (a) and (b) are necessary for making valid interpretations.

What is the advantage of arranging a test's items from easiest to most difficult? - It helps the teacher to rank students more efficiently. - It reduces anxiety for those students who are prone to test anxiety. - It assures that students will at least consider items whose content they know best. - Both (b) and (c) are advantages.

- Both (b) and (c) are advantages.

Which of the following levels or kinds of comments do NOT make for effective feedback? - Comments about the task or work product - Comments about the process of doing the work - Comments about the student's self-regulation - Comments about the student as a person

- Comments about the student as a person

Which of the following concepts is NOT learned by way of definitions? - Abstract concept - Concrete concept - Relational concept

- Concrete concept

Which of the following formats best assesses higher-order thinking processes students use to solve problems? - Context-dependent multiple-choice items - Essay items -True-false items

- Essay items

Why is evaluative feedback less useful than descriptive feedback? - Evaluative feedback makes students feel bad. - Evaluative feedback contains less information for improvement than descriptive feedback. - Evaluative feedback contains less information about the grade than descriptive feedback.

- Evaluative feedback contains less information for improvement than descriptive feedback.

Which of the following item formats is most appropriate for assessing students' ability to organize personal thoughts? - Completion - Extended response - Multiple-choice

- Extended response

What type of essay item assesses students' ability to select relevant information and organize their ideas? - Completion response essay - Extended response essay - Performance essay - Restricted response essay

- Extended response essay

Which type of item is best to use when assessing recall of factual information? - Context-dependent items - Essay items - Multiple-choice items - Fill-in-the-blank items

- Fill-in-the-blank items

Which of the following is NOT used for criterion-referenced scores? - Percentage of points earned - Grade-equivalent of the test performance -Speed of performance -Precision of performance

- Grade-equivalent of the test performance

What aspect of the content of feedback is important for helping students improve? - Praise for good quality work - Reinforcement for trying hard - Information about students' understanding

- Information about students' understanding

What is the advantage of arranging a test's items in the order in which the topics were covered in class? - It helps students recall information better. - It is easier to write items following the topical outline. - It is less likely that students will be tempted to cheat. - Both (b) and (c)

- It helps students recall information better.

Why is it appropriate to group test items by type of format? - It reduces the need for students to change their mind set for every item in order to answer it. - It helps differentiate students on the basis of their knowledge. - It helps the teacher to determine which item format is most difficult for the students.

- It reduces the need for students to change their mind set for every item in order to answer it.

A social studies teacher wants to assess students' knowledge of countries' capital cities. Which item format is the best for this purpose? - Extended response items - Restricted response items - Matching items - Multiple-choice items

- Matching items

Which of the following is a criterion-referenced interpretation? - Brenda's score is higher than eighty-five percent of her classmates' scores. - Matilda can spell eighty-five percent of the words in her spelling book. - Tanya's grade equivalent is 8.2. - John's raw score is 14 on the Vocabulary test. - Both (b) and (d) are criterion-referenced interpretations.

- Matilda can spell eighty-five percent of the words in her spelling book.

What type of item requires students to select the correct answer from a number of possible responses? - Fill-in-the-blank -Completion - Multiple-choice - None of the above.

- Multiple-choice

Which of the following comments is an example of descriptive feedback? - Good job! Awesome. - B+ May be revised for additional credit. - Nice use of the cloud images! - None of the above.

- Nice use of the cloud images!

On a spelling test taken by a class of 40 pupils, Melissa got 90. How well did Melissa perform? - Melissa's performance is good. - Melissa's performance is average. - Melissa's performance is above average. - Not enough information is given to answer this question.

- Not enough information is given to answer this question.

Which of the following strategies is LEAST appropriate for assessing knowledge of a defined concept? - Require students to write a definition of concept. - Require students to identify the name of the concept in a list of words. - Require students to produce examples of the concept. - Require students to state how the component concepts are related to each other.

- Require students to identify the name of the concept in a list of words.

What is a major disadvantage of using extended response essay items in the classroom? - Items are difficult to craft - Scoring is inconsistent - Results are difficult to interpret

- Scoring is inconsistent

Which part of a multiple-choice item should present a problem to be solved? -Foil - Key - Options - Stem

- Stem

Why should you inform students at the beginning of a course how much weight each assessment component will contribute toward the final grade? - The validity of the assessment results increases. - The reliability of the assessment results increases. - Students can align their study efforts with what the teacher considers important. - Both (a) and (b)

- Students can align their study efforts with what the teacher considers important.

What, if anything, is wrong with the following item? "The part of speech that modifies a noun is called an _______." - Students who know the content will be confused by the grammatical structure of the item. - Students who do not know the content will be clued by the grammatical structure of the item. - The item probably does not assess an important part of a learning objective. - Nothing, the item is not flawed.

- Students who do not know the content will be clued by the grammatical structure of the item.

What do scores from a multilevel achievement battery measure? - Students' growth in each of several curriculum areas. - The depth of students' achievement in a single curriculum area. - Students' status in each of several grade levels. - The discrepancies between local and national curricula.

- Students' growth in each of several curriculum areas.

What is the major advantage to a classroom teacher of knowing the students' scores on a standardized multilevel achievement battery? - Students can be compared with one another. - Students can be compared with national norms. - Students' relative strengths and weaknesses in different curriculum areas can be determined. - The grade level at which students are functioning can be determined.

- Students' relative strengths and weaknesses in different curriculum areas can be determined.

What is the major problem to a classroom teacher when interpreting student' scores on a standardized multilevel achievement battery? - The test items cover several grades. - The content of some of the items may not have been taught. - The norms may not match the local school population. - Special norm-referenced scores are used.

- The content of some of the items may not have been taught.

Two essay items, one a restricted response type and the other the extended response type, are used to assess a group of students on the same content. Which type is likely to yield the more reliably scored results and why? - The extended response type, because it covers more ground than the restricted response type. - The extended response type, because students have more freedom to express their ideas than with the restricted response type. - The restricted response type, because it is more focused than the extended response type. - The restricted response type, because the students' answers are shorter.

- The restricted response type, because it is more focused than the extended response type.

Which of the following is a necessary condition for a highly valid criterion-referenced interpretation of test scores? - A large number of items should be written to assess any one learning objective. - The test range should cover a broad range of learning objectives. - The test items should sample a well-defined domain of learning objectives. - The test items should be familiar to the students.

- The test items should sample a well-defined domain of learning objectives.

Which of the following statements is NOT a quality of context-dependent item sets? - They provide an opportunity to simulate real-life situations. - They encourage students to memorize the relevant facts. - They present the same material to students they studied in class.

- They encourage students to memorize the relevant facts.

Which of the following comments is an example of self-referenced feedback? - Check with Patrice. You may get some good ideas from her report. - This is the best report you have done yet. Can you tell me how you did that? - Your report is complete, and it includes some excellent data tables. - None of the above.

- This is the best report you have done yet. Can you tell me how you did that?

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use of report card grades? - To reward or punish students for their behavior or misbehavior. - To record learning progress made in a marking period. - To suggest that a student relearn the material. - To request that a student's placement be advanced.

- To reward or punish students for their behavior or misbehavior.

When would it be more advantageous to use a multilevel criterion-referenced test than a multilevel survey battery? - When you want to compare a student's performance over different curriculum areas. - When you want to assess a student's growth from one year to the next. - When comparing students to the national norm is the goal. - When you want to know detailed information about the student's knowledge of specific learning objectives.

- When you want to know detailed information about the student's knowledge of specific learning objectives.

Suppose the directions to students on the cover page of a test booklet included the statements below. Which of the statements is LEAST helpful to the student? - Work hard throughout the test. - Attempt all items; there is no penalty for guessing. - Mark only one answer per item.

- Work hard throughout the test.

Which of the following comments is an example of cognitive feedback? - You missed a lot of the problems about subtracting mixed numbers. - Nicely done! This is tremendous work. - You got a B. I'm sure you'll get an A next time.

- You missed a lot of the problems about subtracting mixed numbers.

For most formative assessments, the best feedback includes - a prediction of the grade the student's work would get. - a description of the work and suggestions for improvement. - an evaluation of the work and the amount of effort shown.

- a description of the work and suggestions for improvement.

A performance assessment requires students to - demonstrate their declarative knowledge. - apply their knowledge and skills in doing something. - explain how they would go about performing a task.

- apply their knowledge and skills in doing something.

When assessing students' higher order thinking skills, the main focus of your assessment should be to require students to - give reasons and explanations you taught. - recall facts you taught. - apply their knowledge in situations you did not explicitly teach. - All of the above.

- apply their knowledge in situations you did not explicitly teach.

An important advantage of administering a test that was developed using empirical research is that - better quality test items comprise the test. - norm-referenced data are available. - costs are kept lower due to research efficiencies.

- better quality test items comprise the test.

Individual student projects are used to assess the student's ability to - recall what was taught in class. - follow specific directions given by a teacher. - craft a product that requires using a variety of knowledge and skills.

- craft a product that requires using a variety of knowledge and skills.

For which item format do students have the least probability of answering correctly solely by guessing randomly? - fill-in-the-blank - true-false - matching - multiple-choice

- fill-in-the-blank

A schema can be described best as the way we - process information. - tend to organize in-coming information. - represent information in networks of related concepts.

- represent information in networks of related concepts.

When your fill-in-the-blank items fail to follow your assessment plan, the most probable effect is to lower the - validity of your students' scores. - reliability of your students' scores. - objectivity of your scoring. - magnitude of students' scores on the assessment.

- validity of your students' scores.

What guides students most in adopting study strategies when preparing for essay or objective tests? -Item format - Content to be covered -Thinking skills to be covered

-Thinking skills to be covered

What is a growth and learning progress portfolio? - A selection of only the student's best works demonstrating achievement of the learning objectives. - A sample of a student's work showing changes in achieving the learning objectives. - A chart showing students' growth and development over a period of time.

A sample of a student's work showing changes in achieving the learning objectives.

Which of the following is a prerequisite to a student's learning to add two-digit numbers with carrying to the tens' or hundreds' place? - Ability to borrow from tens' and hundreds' place - Ability to do column addition with no carrying for three-digit numbers - Ability to find missing addends for problems with single-digit addends - Ability to do column addition with five single-digit addends

Ability to do column addition with no carrying for three-digit numbers

Which of the diagnostic approaches is implied when a teacher says, "I'm interested in finding out why my students continue to say that wrapping a cold bottle of soft drink in a woolen sweater will warm the soft drink?" - Prerequisite deficits - Identifying student's errors - Content strengths and weaknesses - Analysis of knowledge structure

Analysis of knowledge structure

Which of the following assessment formats is the LEAST relevant to summative evaluation of students? - Anecdotal records - Multiple-choice tests - Performance assessments

Anecdotal records

Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept evaluation? - Jane's teacher recorded her exam result, her homework results, and her grade on the semester project. - The teacher administered 100 multiple-choice items to his students at the end of the semester. - The performance of the school's students on the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) was excellent. - At the end of the semester the student's scores ranged between 55 and 95.

The performance of the school's students on the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) was excellent.

Which of the following activities does NOT exemplify a responsible professional action of a teacher who teaches a group of students who differ widely in their socioeconomic status? - Developing a comprehensive scoring rubric for assessing students' writing ability. - Developing a special version of a reading test for the disabled students in the class. - Assessing reading comprehension using only passages containing content exclusively within the experience of the high socioeconomic status students.

Assessing reading comprehension using only passages containing content exclusively within the experience of the high socioeconomic status students.

Which of the following is a major weakness of a growth and learning portfolio in formative assessment? - The results may be inconsistent from teacher to teacher. - Requires a teacher to have a high level of knowledge to diagnose students' problems. - Covers broad segments of a student's learning.

The results may be inconsistent from teacher to teacher.

A teacher says, "John is skilled at the subtraction of two-digit numbers and is now ready to learn subtraction of three-digit numbers when borrowing is not needed." Which diagnostic approach is implied? - Profile of strengths and weaknesses - Mastery of specific objectives - Prerequisite hierarchy - Both (b) and (c)

Both (b) and (c)