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7; to gain one more electron to make a total of 8.

A chlorine atom has _ electrons in its outermost energy level and needs ___.

No, valence electrons are delocalized

Are valence electrons localized near particular atoms?

They can move in all directions but there is a net direction of the flow of electrons

How do the valence electrons move in an electric current?

3

How many electrons did each Al atom give up to the electron sea?

4

How many electrons does Carbon have in its outer shell?

Share

In a covalent bond, atoms _____ electrons.

transfer

In an ionic bond, atoms ____ electrons

give up

Sodium has a tendency to ___ its outermost electron.

Both the attraction and repulsion forces described above

What forces exist in metals

A larger number of valence electrons

What gives the metals a high melting point?

Valence electrons redistribute and continue to hold the metal cations together

What happens when you pound a metal with a hammer?

8

What is an octet of electrons?

electrostatic attraction between cations and free floating valence electrons

What is holding the atoms of a metal together in a solid?

Negative charge

What is the charge of the space between the atoms in a metal?

Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative io

What keeps the ions together in an ionic crystal?

2

What number of electrons is a stable configuration for the first shell?

negative

When an atom GAINS an electron like chlorine, its charge becomes ___.

positive

When an atom LOSES an electron like sodium, its charge becomes ___

the outermost energy is occupied with 8 electrons

When sodium gives up its outermost electron, then _

Oppositely charged ions get next to each other, which increases their repulsion

Why does an ionic crystal shatter when you pound it with a hammer?

It would become stable.

Why should carbon share its own 4 electrons with 4 more electrons from other atoms?

Opposite

ionic bonds occur when atoms are held together by the force of ____ charges.


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