EDUC Mid-Term

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made by an opponent of censorship

"I really feel that, while schools should protect children from blatantly inappropriate ideas, 'inappropriate' is a pretty subjective term."

Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a critic of middle school education?

"Middle schools do not do a good job of providing stability for either parents or students."

Which statement would most likely be made by a proponent of Common Core Standards?

"What is great about the Common Core Standards is that they allow exploration of content in-depth, just like other countries that are successful on international achievement tests. Perhaps the Common Core Standards will allow our students to become more competitive on these tests, too

Which statement would most likely be made by a critic of schools' efforts to transmit culture?

"When schools transmit culture, they tend to privilege certain groups and make other groups feel inferior."

Which of the following statements best reflects the findings of survey data regarding the state of race relations in America?

"Yeah, I think that I've got a much better attitude about race than my mom and dad and grandparents do." Correct

The current reform efforts in education can be traced to

A Nation at Risk

Which of the following is true of students receiving special education

Boys are more likely to receive special educational services than girls

The phenomenon represented by the test-tampering scandal in Atlanta, Georgia, is most closely associated with

Cambells law

Which of the following is a characteristic of charter schools?

Charter schools can be virtual

Emily's parents have just completed a divorce in which both parents will share custody. For Emily, which of the following statements is true?

Emily will probably go through a process that closely resembles mourning.

When Carlos Ovando's family first emigrated from Nicaragua, school was difficult for him because of his limited English proficiency and because he was not allowed to speak Spanish at school. His experience was most similar to that of

Kinney Lau, whose difficulty in school led to a landmark court case, Lau v. Nichols.

Which of the following statements is true regarding merit pay

Merit pay is popular among many reformers

Which of the following is true of today's families in the U.S.?

Only two-thirds of children live in two-parent households.

Which of the following represents a way in which a teacher might informally influence curriculum?

Paula decides to change the order in which she is going to present literary genres in her high school English class

What is the evidence that U.S. students are actually doing quite well in their educational performance?

SAT reading and mathematics scores are at an all-time high.

Which of the following statements about stereotyping is NOT true?

Stereotypes are undermined by contradictory information.

Elaine has been a fifth grade teacher since 1998. During this time she has become an adept observer of her students and how they learn. Elaine takes her experiences with her students and combines them with the theory she has learned to craft instruction that promotes curiosity, tolerance, honesty, respect for diversity, and appreciation for all cultures. Finally, Elaine makes a point of modeling these virtues for her students so that they master these ideas even more effectively. Elaine's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?

Teachers think systematically about their practice and learn from experience.

Which of the following factors has the greatest potential to undermine the influence of the major textbook adoption states in determining the instructional content of textbooks?

The arrival of digital publication technology will make it easier for states to adopt texts tailored to their needs

Which of the following is NOT a reason that standardized tests are popular?

They can accurately measure teacher performance

Which of the following statements most reflects the beliefs of James Coleman?

When we look at private and parochial schools, we can see that they do a better job than public schools. So perhaps private schools are the way to fix education."

In schools where teachers do not have daily contact with one another and act independently of others in the school, this represents a failure of which "five-factor theory" concept?

a clear school mission

One of the reasons that students in schools are more segregated today than at any time since the Civil Rights movement is

a lack of willingness on the part of the federal courts to enforce desegregation policies.

A scientific "theory," such as the theory of evolution, is

a thoroughly tested belief unlikely to change.

By the year 2030, children of color will make up approximately what proportion of the school population?

about half

When a teacher spends only a week of class time talking about important female inventors, the teacher is taking the ________ approach to multicultural education.

additive

A student who says, "I failed the test because the fire alarm went off in the middle of the test" appears to exhibit

an external locus of control

Textbook adoption states

are common in the south

Lisa, Paul, and Jay were given an assignment at the end of their first unit in Spanish I. They were to prepare and act out a skit where they were to assume the roles of students visiting Argentina for Spring Break. They were to enter into a restaurant order a meal, and pay for the meal, all in Spanish. The students knew they were being evaluated on how they performed these tasks, so they took care to do a good job. This sort of task is an example of

authentic assessment.

Nick is a high school teacher in a large city in the Southeast. Although he is white, he works well with the diverse students in his school, as well as with the parents in the community. One of the things students and parents appreciate about Nick is that he is comfortable in the community and he has taken the time to learn about his students and "where they come from." In terms of multicultural education, Nick emphasizes

cultural competence.

In an essay she wrote in her sociology of education course, Eve argued that one of the reasons that minorities struggled academically while in schools was genetic deficiencies that made them incapable of learning at the same pace as non-minority students. Such thinking on Eve's part is indicative of

deficit theory.

To demonstrate their expertise, teachers undergoing NBPTS certification must

demonstrate understanding of the most effective teaching methods

The experiences that school districts had with the Edison Schools Inc.

did not have a visible effect on the privatization movement

According to Jeannie Oakes, tracking persists in schools largely because

educators don't really believe that they can change their students' educational capabilities

The idea that "reasoning and control" might combine in way that "enhances living" is most directly associated with the concept of

emotional intelligence

People who are popular, are good leaders, and can make others feel comfortable and connected may be strong in which emotional intelligence dimension?

handling relationships

For teachers involved in gifted education programs, one of the key tasks to accomplish is

helping the students learn critical life skills

The next major trend in educational technology appears to be the implementation of

hybrid courses

One of the recommendations for improving the Teach for America (TFA) program is to

increase classroom support for TFA participants as they teach

According to current statistics, racial segregation among groups in society has

increased

New conceptualizations of intelligence view it as changeable and somewhat controllable. This idea of intelligence is referred to as

incremental theory

Research indicates that the frequency of self-censorship

is virtually impossible to trace

Only about 3% of teachers become board certified because

it is expensive and fewer than half of the states pay for their teachers to prepare for board certification.

Han is an elementary school student in a rural district. Han's family arrived from Laos, and he speaks very little English. Although Han really wants to do well at school, he struggles, because the instruction is in English only and his teachers make no effort to modify instruction so that he can understand what is going on. Han's experience most closely reflects

language submersion

Which of the following was begun as a tool to desegregate schools?

magnet schools

Regarding the friendships that they make, teens tend to

make friends from many groups, but not close friends.

As a student in college, Luisa was shocked at some of the things she was learning in her Survey of American History course. Although she had studied American history before, her teachers had never mentioned many of the things she was learning for the first time from the professor. Luisa's experiences would most closely reflect the effects of

null cirriculum

Alice is a teacher who has just finished her fourth year of teaching. At the end of that year, Alice was informed that she would be granted tenure. From this point, Alice can expect

protection from arbitrary dismissal

Studies on school size have determined that

smaller schools are more effective than larger schools because their students are more likely to pass their classes

Alexis is a teacher who feels strongly about the importance of preparing students to live in a democracy. She feels that this objective is just as important as math or science, and she constantly pushes her colleagues to incorporate civic instruction into their courses, no matter the subject. Alexis's ideas reflect

social democratic reconstructionism

When people remember their high school experiences, they are most likely to recall issues concerning the

social status system.

In terms of professional status, many consider teaching to be

somewhere between a full profession and a semiprofession

Horace Mann helped establish the first

state-supported normal school

Bullying has been an accepted school tradition for so long because

teachers accept the common myths surrounding bullying

Pavel is a new teacher in an inner-city school in Boston. To prepare for teaching, Pavel first had to promise his school that he would stay for at least five years. Then, he spent his first year on the job observing and working with Dava Anderson, a master teacher who had been working with inner-city students her entire career. All the while, Pavel was taking coursework at Boston College to gain a theoretical understanding of teaching. Only during his second year was he allowed to teach students of his own, and then only under Dava's careful supervision. Based on this description, Pavel is part of

teaching residency program

Psychologist Daniel Goleman argues that

the emotional intelligence quotient may be a better predictor of life success than the traditional intelligence quotient

In terms of deciding which approach to bilingual education is most effective, research has indicated that

there is no single approach that is most effective.

One of the reasons that urban legends about teaching are damaging to teachers is that

they are accepted as true by many policymakers

During the past decades, the College Board has worked to diversify its reading lists for its Advanced Placement Exams to reflect works by women, people of color, and writers from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Such efforts on the part of the College Board reflect which approach to multicultural education?

transformation

A textbook covers twentieth-century U.S. history without mentioning the continuing struggle for civil rights; and pictures throughout the text portray only harmonious race relations. This is an example of bias called

unreality

Culturally responsive teaching proponent Gloria Ladson-Billings would most likely support all of the following EXCEPT

using a single learning style in order to avoid student confusion.

There tend to be fewer virtual schools at the elementary levels, primarily because

virtual schooling can deprive children of interactions needed for them to develop socialization skills

When students, parents, and teachers were asked to rate school goals in a study,

vocational, personal, academic, and social and civic goals were all rated "very important."

Which of the following is NOT currently one of the five elements of giftedness identified by the National Association for Gifted Children?

wisdom

Which of the following is NOT a significant part of the portfolio approach to assessment?

written tests on logical ability

At a recent school board meeting, a group of parents spoke out on the issue of the poor quality of the district's schools. They demanded the formation of charter schools that emphasized a rigorous, traditional curriculum and teacher-centered classrooms. These parents most closely resemble

zealots.

The principle of the IDEA that states that no child with disabilities may be denied a free, appropriate education is

zero subject

The development of common core state standards that have been adopted in over 40 states reflects the influence on curriculum by

. education commissions and committees

Modern efforts at education reform can be traced back to the

1980s and the reports by The Holmes Group and the Carnegie Foundation

How many states currently allow open enrollment within their school districts?

40 or more

Today, about ________ percent of the public school student population is identified as gifted.

6

Attempts to organize Gay-Straight Alliances in schools have been aided by the

Federal Equal Access Act

Critics of middle school education argue they should be replaced by

K-8 schools.

Educator Hilda Taba argued which of the following about the importance of a school curriculum?

Learning in school is different than learning in life because schools are more formally organized

Edward lives in Maryland during the colonial period. When it comes time to choose a trade, he decides he wishes to become a teacher. How would he prepare to teach children during this time in American history

He would receive virtually no formal training at all.

According to Goodlad, which statement is true regarding the patterns of classroom interactions?

Students are typically restrained in a relatively small space, during a period in which much of the activity is about maintaining order.

Which of the following groups of states wield the most influence on textbook creation and adoption

Texas, California, North Carolina and Florida Correct

________ was influential in creating the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.

The Carnegie Forum

Paula is a high school music teacher who is known for her involvement and commitment to her students and to her school. She is constantly working with other teachers and administrators so that they can have the best instruction, curriculum, and staff development possible. She also reaches out through her music program to involve parents and the community to make sure that these groups are engaged with the school and feel like they have stake in what is going on there. Paula's actions most closely reflect which of the NBPTS's core propositions?

Teachers are members of learning communities

The goal of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is to

assess and certify highly competent teachers

Israel Zangwill's 1910 description of America as a "melting pot" best reflects the idea of

assimilation.

One of the reasons that teachers feel uncertain about educating special needs students is that they

do not feel that they have the resources to work with special needs students.

How might you characterize the changing understanding of intelligence?

We are broadening our understanding of intelligence beyond traditional language and mathematical-logical factors.

If detracking is to be successful, schools must

provide careful planning and training for teachers to operate in a detracked environment.

Normal schools were important because they

represented the earliest form of professional teacher education

The "Lau Remedies" were important because they

required schools to take positive steps to eliminate language barriers to learning

Grace Fernald, Marianne Frostig and Heinz Werner are noted for pioneering

research into special education

Procedural due process" refers to the

rights of children with disabilities and their parents to have access to and input on school decisions

Economic reconstructionists believe that

schools are tools of oppression

Compared to resumes, portfolios

take a more creative approach to highlighting a candidate's skills

According to Gardner, if we are to develop students who are willing to face hard truths and value honest behavior, we have to develop the

ethical mind.

In recent times, the role of state governments in curricular decisions has

increased through testing and the implementation of state standards. Correct

During elementary school, there is

more communication between races than between sexes.

Advantages of the statewide textbook adoption process include all of the following benefits EXCEPT

more options for teachers at the local level

Regarding the issue of how to best prepare teachers, there is

no consensus on how to best prepare teachers

The concepts in the IDEA that students should be assessed fairly by the use of tests that are free from cultural biases and are in the students' native languages would be covered by which provision

non-discriminatory education

Influential teacher organizations are cautiously supportive of a merit pay plan, providing certain provisions are met. Which of the following is NOT one of those provisions?

pay across the board for all teachers must be atleast 50 percent higher than current teacher salaries

The most widespread form of substance abuse is

alcohol abuse.

Research indicates that because of noninstructional demands (discipline problems, attendance, etc.) teachers lose what percentage of instructional time

between 25 percent and 50 percent Correct

Baltimore middle school was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education as a green ribbon school. The school earned this distinction for

creating a healthy school climate, implementing suggestions from students and teachers to reduce energy consumption, and producing students who were environmentally literate.

Multicultural educators that follow the approach called "teaching the culturally different" primarily advocate

creating close links between school and home so that minority children can succeed academically.

"Intelligent design"

credits an unnamed intelligence for aspects of nature unexplained by science

Which of the following best describes a characteristic of adolescent culture in school

preoccupation with physical attractiveness and peer popularity

As an economic reconstructionist, Paulo Freire argued that

schools were tools of oppression and miseducation

The main point of the "saber-tooth curriculum" is that

slavish devotion to the content of past times can result in a curriculum obsolete in the face of contemporary realities.

Historically, who has the LEAST opportunity to give feedback in the school reform movement

students

The case against segregating children with disabilities was made in part because of the findings of

the Brown v. Board of Education decision

After what major event did America experience its first shift toward humanist social attempts at better treatment and education of the disabled?

the Revolutionary War

Which of the following is generally considered a positive aspect of the teaching profession

the ability to influence the lives of young people

Frequently, the ability of teachers to engage in LGBT issues in schools is influenced by

the attitudes and support their communities demonstrate for LGBT issues in schools.

Andrew is a student in the class Rebecca teaches. While Andrew is not in the lowest percentile of the class, he isn't in the highest, either. In fact, Andrew could go either way in terms of passing or failing. Rebecca will spend

the most amount of time on him because he is a "bubble kid

An early promoter of vouchers in education was

economist Milton Friedman

For all of his schooling, Nicola has found himself in the lower level tracks. Despite this, he has studied hard and has done well in his classes. In his eighth-grade year, one of his teachers urged him to register for college preparatory courses in high school. Inspired by the idea that one of his teachers thought he could actually make it to college, Nicola and his parents met with his counselor. Based on the research by Ray Rist, what is the counselor most likely to tell them?

"You know, not everyone is cut out for college. The work is really hard and I am not sure that you are really prepared. I think you should stay in the courses that we have previously discussed." Correct

One of the primary reasons that No Child Left Behind was revamped is that

. there was a fear that most of the nation's schools would be labeled as failing.

Which constitutional amendment is at the heart of the controversies surrounding intelligent design, creationism, and evolution

1'st amendment

When Amanda decided to be a teacher in college, she found that her school had discontinued its undergraduate teaching major. In its place, Amanda did a fifth-year program that combined both bachelor and master's level requirements. Interestingly, when Amanda went for her NBPTS certification as a teacher, the principles reflected in the NBPTS requirements reflected those she encountered in her teacher preparation in college. Amanda's teacher preparation most closely reflected the ideas contained in

A Nation Prepared.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

African Americans have the highest suicide rate of all racial and ethnic groups.

In diverse classrooms, teachers can use generalizations about students from different cultural groups but should avoid stereotypes. Which of the following is a stereotype?

Asian American students are highly competitive.

Which of the following is true regarding working women?

Women and men still have not reached equality in pay.

Which of the following has NOT been given as a reason for single-sex schools

Girls' science and math genes are developed in single-sex schools

A teacher reading the work of Janet Hyde would most likely come to which of the following conclusions about the male and female students in his classes

I really need to consider what I should do to academically support my students who come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds

Which principle of special education implies that children have the right to an education involving accurate diagnosis of individual needs

IEP

Based on poll results, how have Americans' opinion on the idea of charter schools changed in the past decade?

In the latter half of the decade, Americans have become significantly more favorable toward the idea of charter schools.

The economist who argued that school competition and choice would improve the quality of public education was

Milton Friedman

Members of which demographic group are at the greatest risk for committing suicide

Native American males

In Life in Classrooms, Philip W. Jackson characterizes school life as

a passive process in which students do little more than sit and wait.

Research on the effectiveness of computers in education shows that

a. although a popular idea, the jury is still out on the effectiveness of computers in schools.

The idea for Teach for America (TFA) came from

an undergraduate thesis at Princeton

In researching poverty, Shirley Brice Heath found that interactions between adults and children

are fewer in lower-class families, and more information-driven.

Elaine was homeschooled for most of her life before heading to college at a state university. Based on what is known regarding homeschooled students in college, Elaine will probably

be well-thought of by many of her professors because she is willing to take risks.

When a state implements a law that mandates English-only instruction in schools, the state's action represents which underlying philosophy of bilingual education?

cultural assimilation

Mercedes, a young Hispanic female, is excited because she is about to celebrate her fifteenth birthday, the quincea-era, which is considered to be a rite of passage into adulthood. Such celebrations are an important part of Mercedes's

culture

Which of the following ranked highest with girls in describing their peer culture in middle school

relational aggression

Marie is a middle-grades teacher in a large city. Marie believes that all children can learn, and she strives mightily to help her students achieve. Yet, every day in the teacher's workroom she seems to get into arguments with colleagues who feel that it is a waste of time and effort to try to work with the students they teach, since "they're just going to wind up dropping out and going to jail." The attitudes of Marie's colleagues are indicative of

expectation theory.

Unlike traditional teacher preparation programs, alternative teaching programs

focus on apprenticeships and on-the-job training

Which of the following is a recommended teaching strategy found to be particularly appropriate for students living in poverty?

focus on language skills

A person who demonstrates strong existential intelligence (the intelligence Gardner is currently exploring) would have the ability to

formulate questions about life, death, and who we are.

Paula is an elementary school teacher who often feels more like the last thing in the world she gets to do is teach her students. She feels as though much of her day is taken up with determining who gets to speak, when to line up for lunch, how the class will work when broken into groups, and so forth. Based on these actions, Paula occupies the role of

gatekeeper

Although U.S. middle school students may lag behind their Japanese counterparts in international algebra tests, the differences disappear on later tests due to the

greater effectiveness of U.S. university systems.

Jean and Stephen were concerned about the quality of education that their son, Galen, was receiving in the neighborhood school. They felt that the secular curriculum did not reflect their strong religious beliefs. As result, they chose to homeschool Galen for the rest of his educational career. The religiously-based motivation on the part of Galen's parents to homeschool him is indicative of

ideologues

Least-restrictive environment" refers to

integrating students with disabilities into classrooms with non-disabled students whenever possible

Jean is a student in your class. She is very aware of how she feels emotionally, and has a clear idea of her strengths and her limitations. She uses her sense of self as a key resource as she approaches her work in your class. Based on this description, you believe that Jean has

intrapersonal intelligence

According to survey information on the subject of teaching creationism, evolution, or intelligent design in schools, a large segment of the public feels that

students should be exposed to competing theories in schools

A major assumption of multicultural education is that

students should develop positive attitudes toward different cultures.

According to the survey by the Education Sector, most teachers

support educational reform

Which of these is NOT a reason for the furor surrounding the quality of U.S. education

the idea that schools are underfunded and need more governmental support Correct

Poor students frequently feel alienated from the school experience because

they feel disconnected from schools that reflect middle-class values.

Demographically, most of the poor in America are

white.