Education Chapter 2

Exceptional Learners

students that require special educational modifications and, perhaps, other services that align with their abilities and potential

Inclusion

The practice of educating and integrating children with disabilities into regular classroom settings.

Zero Reject

The principle that no child with disabilities may be denied a free and appropriate public education.

Locus of control

A concept wherein learners attribute success or failure to external or internal factors.

Advanced Placement

A curriculum that offers college-level courses to high school students. Students who score high enough on a qualifying exam can earn college credit.

Emotional intelligence quotient

A new human dimension that measures personality characteristics such as persistence. Some believe that EQ scores may be better predictors of future success than IQ scores.

Appropriate Education

A part of Public Law 94-142 that protects the right of students with disabilities to an education that reflects an accurate diagnosis.

Nondiscriminatory Education

A principle, based on the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution, that mandates that children with disabilities be fairly assessed so that they can be protected from inappropriate classification and tracking.

Giftedness

A term describing individuals with exceptional ability

Growth Mindset

A theory developed by Carol Dweck that views intelligence as developing throughout an individual's life.

Fixed Mindset

A theory developed by Carol Dweck that views intelligence as finite, determines at birth, and unchangeable.

Multiple intelligences

A theory developed by Howard Gardner to expand the concept of human intelligence to include such areas as logical-mathematical, linguistic, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist.

Gender similarities hypothesis

A theory suggesting that males and females are more alike than different on most psychological and intellectual variables and therefore do not demonstrate gender-specific learning styles that require unique teaching approaches.

Learning disabilities

An educationally significant language and/or learning deficit.

International Baccalaureate (IB)

An internationally recognized curriculum for students ages 3 through 19 that includes rigorous science, math, and foreign language requirements along with diverse cultural studies. The IB program is designed to develop the intellectual, emotional, and social skills students need to learn, live, and work in our increasingly connected globalizing world.

Portfolio

Compilations of work assembled to demonstrate growth, creativity, and competence. Often advocated as a more comprehensive assessment than test scores.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Federal law passed in 1990 that extends full education services and provisions to people identified with disabilities.

Special Education

Programs and instruction for children with physical, mental, emotional, or learning disabilities or gifted students who need special educational services to achieve at their ability level.

Neuroplasticity

The ability of our brain to change itself and create new neural pathways.

Regular education initiative

The attempt to reduce the complications and expense of segregated special education efforts by teaching special needs students in the standard educational program through collaborative consultation, curricular modifications, and environment adaptations.

Learning Styles

The belief that students have diverse ways of learning, comprehending, and using information and have different preferences, ranging from preferred light and noise levels to independent or group learning formats

Mainstreaming

The inclusion of special education students in the regular education program. The nature and extent of this inclusion should be based on meeting the special needs of the child.

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

The mechanism through which a disables child's special needs are identified, objectives and services are described, and evaluation is designed.

Accelerated Programs

The more rapid promotion of gifted students through school.

Least-restrictive environment

The program best suited to meeting a disabled student's special needs without segregating the student from the regular educational program.

Procedural due process

The right of children with disabilities and their parents to be notified of school actions and decisions; to challenge those decisions before an impartial tribunal, using counsel and expert witnesses; to examine the school records on which a decision is based; and to appeal whatever decision is reached.

Daniel Goleman

Thought of Emotional Intelligence : able to manage own emotions, is capable of self-motivation and self direction, recognizes emotions in others, and is able to handle various types of relationships.

Howard Gardner

devised theory of multiple intelligences: logical-mathematic, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, linguistic, musical, interpersonal, naturalistic

Carol Dweck

thought that the need for achievement is closely linked to personality facts, including view of self; suggested students with long history of success are at most risk for learned helplessness after big failure of their own intelligence. Fixed vs Growth mindset.