Egyptian Gods and Pharaohs

So in many ways, Nun, like Tiamat - the _____________________ ancient goddess of the ____________, Nun was associated neutrally, with the forces of _______. And in terms of his physical attribute, Nun was often represented as a bearded man with _______ or _______ skin (thus suggesting his connection with the watery mass of ______ and ___________)

Mesopotamian, oceans, chaos, blue, green, Nile, fertility

Every mythology tends to start with the ancient origins, and in Egyptian mythology, that scope is covered by the ancient Egyptian gods Nun and ___________ (the feminine form). In essence, the ancient Egyptians perceived Nun as the ___________ _______ that basically held the universe by which the _________ ____ ________ was borne.

Naunet, watery abyss, sphere of life

And with all the talk about battles, it should be noted that Egyptians also venerated Bastet in the form of her 'alter-ego' __________ - the warrior lioness. She was often given the epithet/nickname of '___________ _____ ________' and represented as the fiercest _________ in all of Egypt whose very breath formed the __________ Given such regal characteristics, it doesn't really come as a surprise that many Pharaohs regarded her as their ____________ in battles

Sekhmet, Sekhmet the Powerful, hunter, desert protector

After the rulers of ________ rebelled against a dynasty of foreign rulers known as the __________ and reestablished native Egyptian rule throughout Egypt, Amon received credit for __________ In a form merged with the sun god _____, he became the most powerful deity in Egypt, a position he retained for most of the _____ Kingdom.

Thebes, Hyksos victory, Re, New

Seth's appearance poses a problem for Egyptologists. He is often depicted as an animal or as a human with the head of an ____________. But they can't figure out what he's supposed to be. He usually has a long ________ and ________ that are squared at the tips. In his full form, he has a _______ ____________ body and a __________ _____ with a tuft on the end. Many scholars now believe that no such thing ever existed and that the Seth animal is some sort of mythical composite.

animal, snout , ears , think doglike, straight tail

According to the Osiris myth, Horus was the son of Isis and Osiris, magically conceived after the murder of Osiris by his brother Seth. Horus was raised to __________ his father's murder. One tradition holds that Horus lost his ______ eye fighting with Seth, but his eye was magically healed by the god ________ . Because the right and left eyes of Horus were associated, respectively, with the ______ and the ________, the loss and restoration of Horus's ______ eye gave a mythical explanation for the phases of the ________.

avenge, left, Thoth, sun, moon, left, moon

Ptah was often depicted as a mummified ___________ man with _______ skin. His arms were kept free to hold a __________

bearded, green, scepter

Seth was the god of _________, _________, __________ and _________. In the Osiris myth, he is the murderer of Osiris (in some versions of the myth, he tricks Osiris into ___________ _______ ____ ____ _________ and then seals it shut.)

chaos, violence, deserts, storms, laying down in a coffin

The goddess Hathor was usually depicted as a ______ , as a __________ with the head of one or as a woman with cow's _______, Hathor embodied ________________ and ___________, and it was believed that she protected women in childbirth. She also had an important funerary aspect, being known as "______ ________ ____ ______ ________." (Tombs were generally built on the west bank of the Nile.) In some traditions, she would welcome the __________ ______every night; living people hoped to be welcomed into the __________ in the same way.

cow, woman , ears motherhood, fertility the lady of the south, setting sun, afterlife

Ptah was the personification of ____________. In essence, Ptah was perceived as the ultimate creator who not only _____________ the universe but also '_________ ______' into the entities populating the world

creation, fashioned, breathed life

Often considered among one of the most important ancient Egyptian gods, Amun was the ________ ________ who represented the air and the sun. Sometimes portrayed as the _______ ____ ______, Amun was also the ________ ________ of Thebes, the royal capital during the impressive New Kingdom era of Egypt, circa ____th century BC to ____th century BC, _______-_______ BC

divine entity, God of Kings, patron deity, 16, 11 1550, 712

The God Nun, perceived as a watery mass, was endowed with ____________ characteristics by the Egyptians - with its depth embodying both ______________ and __________, while also serving as the source of all aspects of _________ and __________ existence.

enigmatic, nothingness, infinity, divine, earthly

On occasions, the god Nun was also depicted as a ________ or _______-_____________man or even a hermaphrodite with _______________ _______

frog, frog headed, discernable breasts

Anubis was concerned with ____________ practices and the care of the ______. He was usually represented as a jackal or as a man with the head of a jackal. The association of jackals with ________ and __________ likely arose because Egyptians would have observed jackals scavenging around _____________.

funerary, dead, death, funerals, funerals

Maat was predicted as a guideline for _________ ___________ that would conform to the _____ of the gods, thus in the process of establishing a __________ _______. This cosmic balance was also reflected in astronomy, charting the _________ orbit with the celestial paths of the stars and other planets. Simply put, this ____________ was perceived as a principle that was to be adopted by Egyptians in their daily lives, which in turn established the virtues of _______, ___________ life, and the _______ system centered around the various deities.

human behavior, will universal order Earth's, balance truth, family, belief

According to many scholars, Amun-Ra sort of symbolized the combination of the ____________ _______ ____ _______ with the ___________ __________of the life-giving _____, thus establishing an all-encompassing deity who covered most aspects of ____________.

invisible force of wind, visible majesty, sun, creation

The ancient Egyptian goddess of_____, ____________ love, and ________________; Hathor (meaning - '___________ ___ ________') was closely associated to ________-________, the primeval divine cow entity/goddess who was perceived as being responsible for bringing ________ ____ ______ ______, thus in the process fertilizing the land. Continuing with this possibly pre-dynastic concept, Hathor was also regarded as the _________ ___ ____ ____ ____

joy, feminine, motherhood Domain of Horus Mehet Weret floods to the Nile mother of Sun God Ra

In underworld scenes showing the_______________ undergone by the deceased after their deaths, Thoth is depicted ______________ _____ _________ of the deceased and reporting the _________ to ________, the god of the dead.

judgement, weighing the hearts verdict, Osiris

As the wife of the god of the underworld, Isis was also one of the main deities concerned with _______ ______ ______ ________. Along with her sister ___________, Isis acted as a divine ____________, and her maternal care was often depicted as extending to the ________ in the underworld.

rites for the dead, Nephthys, mourner, dead,

Ptah was regarded as the patron deity of ____________, _________, ____________, and other artisans.

sculptors, painters, builders

Depicted as a falcon or as a man with a falcon's head, Horus was a ______ god associated with _______ and _____________. He was also the embodiment of the divine _________, and in some eras the ____________ ______ was considered to be a ________________ of Horus.

sky, war, hunting, kingship, reigning king, manifestation

Cats were uniquely sacred in Egypt - so much so that the punishment for killing a cat was death by ___________. According to ____________(Greek historian), Egyptians were so fond of their cats that they preferred to save their cats instead of themselves when trapped inside a ____________ __________. Some cats were also known to be mummified in a ceremonious manner with __________ - as was the case with many noble people.

stabbing, Herodotus burning building, jewelry

One of several deities associated with the _____, the god Re was usually represented with a human body and the head of a ________. It was believed that he sailed across the _____ in a boat each day and then made a passage through the _______________each night, during which he would have to defeat the _______ god __________ in order to rise again. Re's cult was centered in ___________, now a suburb of Cairo. Over time, Re came to be syncretized with other sun deities, especially ________

sun, hawk, sky, underworld, snake, Anopis Heliopolis, Amon

Amun, Ra, and Amun-Ra - The Ancient Egyptian gods of _______ and _______

sun, wind

The origins of Isis are obscure. Unlike many gods, she can't be tied to a specific _______, and there are no certain mentions of her in the earliest Egyptian literature. As the devoted wife who resurrected Osiris after his murder and raised their son, Horus, Isis embodied the traditional Egyptian virtues of a ________ and ____________

town, wife, mother

Maat, the ancient Egyptian goddess of _______, ___________, and, the __________order, was responsible for regulating both the ______ and the ___________. Venerated as an important deity during the _____ Kingdom period (____th century - ____the century BC)(______BC- ______BC, she was considered as the daughter of ______ (or Ra), and as such implied the superiority of order, justice, and even ___________.

truth, justice, cosmic, stars, seasons, Old, 27, 22 2575, 2150, Amun, harmony

Osiris, one of Egypt's most important deities, was god of the _________________. He also symbolized _________, _________________, and the cycle of ________ _________ that Egypt relied on for agricultural fertility.

underworld, death, resurrection, Nile floods

In the earlier centuries, Amun was a minor god, and as such played second fiddle to '______ _______' like Montu. However, the New Kingdom period brought forth the ______________ of him, who was venerated as the '______-_________ One'

war gos, ascendancy, Self created

Maat was often depicted as a ___________ woman with an __________ feather on her head. The feather of Maat was the instrumental object in the ____________ ____ _____ _______ ceremony in the afterlife. The Egyptians believed that after their death, the ________ of their soul was to be weighed against the feather in a 'scale of _________', which would allow the sections of their spirits to be ultimately released to Akh (An akh is the blessed or _______________ soul of a person who died )

winged, ostrich, Weighing of the hearts, heart, justice, transfigured

Isis was one of the last of the ancient Egyptian gods to still be ________________. In the _________-__________ period she was identified with the Greek goddess _____________ and her cult spread as far west as ________ __________ and as far east as _______________. It is believed that depictions of Isis with the __________ _________ influenced Christian imagery of Mary with the infant Jesus.

worshipped, Greco Roman, Aphrodite, Great Britain, Afghanistan, baby Horus

Before rising to national importance in the New Kingdom (c. _______-________BCE), the god Amon was worshipped locally in the southern city of _______. Amon was a god of the _____, and the name probably means the "__________ _____." He was usually represented as a man wearing a crown with two vertical ___________. His animal symbols were the _______ and the __________.

1539, 1292 Thebes, sun, Hidden One, plumes, ram, goose

In the Old Kingdom (c. ________-_________ BCE), before Osiris rose to prominence as the lord of the underworld, Anubis was considered the ___________ ____ of the dead. According to the Osiris myth, Anubis ________________ and ____________ the body of the murdered king, becoming the patron god for _____________.

2575, 2130, principal god embalmed, wrapped, embalmers

The ancient Egyptians certainly shared a love for domesticating cats, and this cultural affinity popularized the worship of Bastet, at least since the ____ Dynasty period. A goddess of the ______ _______ _______ ________ ________ and ________, Bastet with her cat-like _______and __________ body was considered as a benevolent deity.

2nd, home love, fertility dance women secrets, head, womanly

Over time, especially during the New Kingdom, the thriving ________cult merged the two entities Amun and Ra into a composite god known as Amun-Ra, who was hailed as the "______ ____ _______, _________ ____ _____ ________, maker of _____, creator of ____ ___________ Lord of things ______ _____ creator of the ______ ____ _______"

Amun, Lord of truth Father of the Gods men, all animals, that are, staff of life

According to the myth, ________ was a king of Egypt who was murdered and _______________ by his brother ________. His wife, Isis, reassembled his body and resurrected him, allowing them to conceive a son, the god _______ . He was represented as a _______________ king, wearing wrappings that left only the ________ _______of his hands and face exposed.

Osiris, dismembered, Seth, Horus,, mummified, green skin

Interestingly enough, according to a legend, the ___________ took advantage of this seemingly unhealthy _________ fascination of the Egyptians by positioning many such animals and Bastet images (painted on their ________) in the front-lines at the Battle of ___________ in circa ______ BC. The contorted interpretation of cats dissuaded the animal-loving Egyptians from _________ _____ _______ - thus allowing the Persians to take the initiative and win the battle.

Persians, feline shields, Pelusium, 525 shooting their arrows

The god Ra, contrary to Amun, was early considered as one of the powerful ancient Egyptian gods who was associated with the __________ - so much so, that by ____Dynasty, almost every ruler was symbolically hailed as the _____ ___ ____. He was also associated with the earlier sun god ______ of Heliopolis.

Pharaoh, 5th, Son of Ra, Atum