electrolytes 2.0

A client with cirrhosis of the liver develops ascites, and the health care provider prescribes spironolactone (Aldactone).What should the nurse monitor the client for?

Hyperkalemia

Which medical condition is treated by intravenous administration of calcium gluconate?

Hypoparathyroid tetany

A nurse is caring for a client who had an adrenalectomy. For what clinical response should the nurse monitor while steroid therapy is being regulated?

Hypotension

A nurse administers an intravenous solution of 0.45% sodium chloride. In what category of fluids does this solution belong?

Hypotonic

On the first day after a mastectomy, a nurse encourages the client to perform exercises such as flexion and extension of the fingers and pronation and supination of the hand. The client asks why she has to do these exercises. The best response by the nurse is:

"They will help stimulate peripheral circulation."

To evaluate kidney function, the nurse must accurately measure the hourly urine output of a 1½-year-old toddler weighing 22 lb who has been admitted with extensive burns. What is the minimum safe output per hour for a child this age?

10 to 20 mL

An infant is receiving 22 mL/hr intravenous fluid by way of an infusion pump. How much fluid will be infused between 8 am and 8 pm? Record your answer using a whole number. __________ mL

264 mL

A client drank 7.5 oz of orange juice, 6 oz of tea, and 8 oz of eggnog. How many milliliters of fluid were consumed by the client? Record your answer using a whole number. __________ mL

645

A client admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of malabsorption syndrome exhibits signs of tetany. The nurse concludes that the tetany was precipitated by the inadequate absorption of which electrolyte?

Calcium

The nurse is conducting a nutrition class for a group of clients with congestive heart failure (CHF). It would be most important for the nurse to explain the importance of:

Choosing fresh or frozen vegetables instead of canned ones

A client who experienced extensive burns is receiving IV fluids to replace fluid loss. The nurse should monitor for which initial sign of fluid overload?

Crackles in the lungs

After a successful kidney transplant for a client with end-stage kidney disease, the nurse anticipates that laboratory studies will demonstrate

Decreasing serum creatinine

A client reports nausea, vomiting, and seeing a yellow light around objects. A diagnosis of hypokalemia is made. Upon a review of the client's prescribed medication list, the nurse determines that what is the likely cause of the clinical findings?

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

When an intestinal obstruction is suspected, a client has a nasogastric tube inserted and attached to suction. For what response should the nurse critically assess this client?

Fluid deficit

To minimize the side effects of the vincristine (Oncovin) that a client is receiving, what type of dietary plan does the nurse expect?

High in fluids

A client is diagnosed as having kidney failure. During the oliguric phase the nurse should assess the client for:

Hyperkalemia

A health care provider prescribes a tapwater enema for a 6-month-old infant with suspected Hirschsprung disease. What rationale causes the nurse to question this prescription?

It could cause a fluid and electrolyte imbalance

A 4-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department after 2 days of diarrhea. The infant is listless and has sunken eyeballs, a depressed anterior fontanel, and poor tissue turgor. The infant's breathing is deep, rapid, and unlabored. The mother states that the infant has had liquid stools and no obvious urine output. What problem does the nurse conclude that the infant is experiencing?

Metabolic acidosis

A client's parathyroid glands are removed. What clinical manifestation is indicative of the fluid and electrolyte imbalance associated with this surgery?

Muscle spasms

A nurse in the postanesthesia care unit identifies a progressive decrease in blood pressure in a client who had major abdominal surgery. What clinical finding supports the conclusion that the client is experiencing internal bleeding?

Oliguria

When monitoring fluids and electrolytes, the nurse recalls that the major cation-regulating intracellular osmolarity is:

Potassium

A client with a history of alcoholism and cirrhosis is admitted with severe dyspnea as a result of ascites. The nurse concludes that the ascites is most likely the result of increased

Pressure in the portal vein

A pregnant client who has a history of cardiac disease asks how she can relieve her occasional heartburn. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid antacids containing:

Sodium

What is the purpose of administering intravenous (IV) fluids as prescribed while performing detoxification of an alcoholic client?

To correct the client's fluid and electrolyte imbalance

A client comes to the emergency department because of minimal urinary output despite drinking adequate fluid. The client's blood pressure is 190/94. For what additional clinical manifestation associated with this data, should the nurse assess the client?

Weight gain