Elsevier adaptive quizzing ENDOCRINE system

Which hormone synthesis does the nurse state is inhibited by hypokalemia? Aldosterone Somatostatin Norepinephrine Androstenedione

Aldosterone Hypokalemia inhibits synthesis of aldosterone hormone. Somatostatin inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Norepinephrine also inhibits the synthesis of insulin. Androstenedione secretion may not be inhibited by hypokalemia.

Which term should the nurse use in a report to describe the absence of menstrual periods in a 35-year-old non-pregnant client? Rhinorrhea Menopause Amenorrhea Dyspareunia

Amenorrhea The absence of menstrual periods in a non-pregnant client less than 55 years old is called amenorrhea. Rhinorrhea is an allergic state that is manifested by a runny nose. Menopause is cessation of menstruation after 55 years of age. Dyspareunia is pain during sexual intercourse.

Which hormone secretion does the nurse state is an example of a positive feedback mechanism? Insulin Estradiol Parathormone Catecholamines

Estradiol Estradiol secretion pattern is an example of a positive feedback mechanism. Insulin secretion pattern is an example of a negative feedback mechanism. The relationship between calcium and parathormone is also an example of a negative feedback mechanism. Catecholamines secretion is controlled by the nervous system. It is secreted by the sympathetic nervous system.

What will the nurse expect diagnostic studies of a client with Cushing syndrome to indicate? Moderately increased serum potassium levels Increased numbers of eosinophils in the blood High levels of 17-ketosteroids in a 24-hour urine test Normal to low levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

High levels of 17-ketosteroids in a 24-hour urine test High levels of 17-ketosteroids in a 24-hour urine test is a urinary metabolite of steroid hormones that are excreted in large amounts in hyperaldosteronism. With aldosterone hypersecretion, sodium is retained and potassium is excreted, resulting in hypernatremia and hypokalemia. With Cushing syndrome, the eosinophil count is decreased, not increased. ACTH levels usually are high in Cushing syndrome.

A nurse is assessing a client with Cushing syndrome. Which signs should the nurse expect the client to exhibit? Select all that apply. Select all that apply Hirsutism Round face Pitting edema Buffalo hump Hypoglycemia

Hirsutism Round face Buffalo hump Hirsutism is caused by excess adrenocortical activity associated with Cushing syndrome. A moon face results from an accumulation of adipose tissue associated with hypercortisolism. A buffalo hump results from an accumulation of adipose tissue associated with hypercortisolism. Pitting edema does not occur, except with concurrent severe heart failure. Hypercortisolism increases gluconeogenesis, causing hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.

Which is the target tissue for the parathyroid hormone? Intestines All body cells Mammary glands Sympathetic effectors

Intestines The target tissue of the parathyroid hormone is the intestines. Growth hormone acts on all body cells. The mammary gland is the target tissue of oxytocin. Epinephrine and non-epinephrine acts on the sympathetic effectors.

A client with malignant hot nodules of the thyroid gland has a thyroidectomy. What is the nurse's priority action immediately postoperative? Check the neck dressing and behind neck for excessive bleeding. Monitor the trachea for deviation to the right or left. Assess the client's level of discomfort and medicate as prescribed. Encourage coughing and deep breathing to prevent atelectasis.

Monitor the trachea for deviation to the right or left. A deviated trachea is an imminent sign of airway compromise which requires immediate intervention. The client is at high risk for bleeding within the first 24 hours postoperative. Bleeding can accumulate at the incision site as well as in the neck causing tracheal compression with swelling that may compromise the client's ability to breath. Checking for bleeding may alert the nurse of an increasing risk of airway compromise. Pain management and breathing exercises are standard postoperative interventions.

Which cells does the nurse identify as producing thyrocalcitonin hormone? Islet cells Adrenal cells Pituitary cells Parafollicular cells

Parafollicular cells Parafollicular cells produce thyrocalcitonin hormone. This hormone helps in the regulation of serum calcium levels. Islet cells are responsible for the production of hormones such as insulin and glucagon. Adrenal cells are responsible for the production of hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone. Pituitary cells are responsible for the production of growth hormone, prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Which gland secretes melatonin? Pineal gland Thyroid gland Adrenal gland Parathyroid gland

Pineal gland The pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin, which regulates the circadian rhythm and reproductive system at the onset of puberty. The thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormones. The adrenal gland secretes androgens, corticosteroids, and catecholamines. The parathyroid gland secretes the hormone calcitonin.

Which condition results in elevated serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and urine cortisol levels? Diabetes insipidus Adrenal Cushing's syndrome Pituitary Cushing's syndrome Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

Pituitary Cushing's syndrome In pituitary Cushing's syndrome, urine cortisol and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone levels are raised. Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone and is not associated with cortisol and ACTH levels. Adrenal Cushing's syndrome is caused by chronic steroid use, so the client will have increased urine cortisol and decreased ACTH levels. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is the result of elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone and is not related with the ACTH and cortisol levels.

Which does the nurse state is a secondary cause of adrenal insufficiency? Hemorrhage Tuberculosis Pituitary tumors Metastatic cancer

Pituitary tumors Adrenal insufficiency is also called Addison's disease. Secondary causes of adrenal insufficiency include pituitary tumors. Primary causes, which are responsible for adrenal insufficiency, include hemorrhage, tuberculosis, and metastatic cancer.

A client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is taught to exercise on a regular basis. What is the primary reason for instruction on exercise? To decrease insulin sensitivity To stimulate glucagon production To improve the cellular uptake of glucose To reduce metabolic requirements for glucose

To improve the cellular uptake of glucose Exercise increases the metabolic rate, and glucose is needed for cellular metabolism; therefore, excess glucose is consumed during exercise. Regular vigorous exercise increases cell sensitivity to insulin. Glucagon action raises blood glucose but does not affect cell uptake or use of glucose. Cellular requirements for glucose increase with exercise.

Which clinical manifestation is found in a client with a deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone? Anovulation Dehydration Malaise and lethargy Menstrual abnormalities

malaise and lethargy

The client's pituitary gland must be removed. Which surgery will the client undergo? Mastectomy Prostatectomy Thyroidectomy Hypophysectomy

Hypophysectomy A hypophysectomy is the surgical removal of the pituitary gland or its tumor. A mastectomy is the surgical removal of breast tissue. A prostatectomy is the surgical removal of the prostate gland. A thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

Which diagnostic test does the nurse consider to help in identifying the abnormalities of the sella turcica in hyperpituitarism? Skull x-ray Angiography Computer tomography Magnetic resonance image

Skull x-ray An imaging assessment such as skull x-ray imaging is helpful in the identification of problems related to the sella turcica. Angiography would be helpful in ruling out any aneurysms or vascular abnormalities. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance image are helpful in defining soft tissue lesions.