Embalming 1 - Chapter 2 and 3

methylene chloride

(Dichloromethane) skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritation, depresses the CNS, COHb-emia, angina pectoris, A3 found in external embalming sealants, aerosol insecticides and deodorizers, cosmetic sprays, and solvents

Molding plaster

(calcium sulfate, gypsum, plaster of paris) Found in cavity desiccant and embalming powders

Preservative

1. Something that preserves or has the power of preserving; 2. an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration, or spoilage

Putrefaction

1. the decomposition of organic matter; 2. the typically anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of foul-smelling incompletely oxidized products

Employee Training record

1. the name and SSN of the employee 2. a copy of the employee's hepatitis B vaccination 3. results of any examinations, medical testing, and follow-up procedures that occured as a result of an exposure incident 4. employer's copy of any healthcare professional's written opinion regarding examinations, medical testing, or follow up in the aftermath of an exposure incident, 5. a copy of the healthcare professional's report of any examinations, medical testing, or follow up in the aftermath of an exposure incident

Preserve

1. to keep safe from injury, harm, or destruction: protect. 2. to keep intact or free from decay; 2b. maintain; 3. to keep or save from decomposition

decompose

1. to separate into constituent parts or elements or into simpler compounds; 2. to break up into constituent parts or as if by a chemical process:

embalm

1. to treat (a dead body) so as to protect from decay; 2. to fill with sweet odors: perfume; 3. to protect from decay or oblivion: preserve; 4. to fix in a static condition--

Decay

1. to undergo destructive dissolution; 2. implies a slow change from a state of soundness.

Compliance with Bloodborne Pathogens Rule

1. universal precautions; treat all remains as if they are contagious 2. engineering controls; adequate ventilation and proper plumbing 3. work practice controls; handwashing, proper handling and disposal of contaminated waste and contaminated sharps, avoid spilling or splashing infectious agents, consistent and proper use of PPE's, good housekeeping

methyl ethyl ketone

A COLORLESS LIQUID USED AS A SOLVENT FOR OTHER KETONE SUBSTANCES. IT IS HIGHLY EXPLOSIVE. Found in embalming cosmetic spray, sealing lacquer, and thinners

Time Weighted Average (TWA)

A concentration of .75 parts formaldehyde per million parts of air (.75 ppm) averaged over an 8 hour period.

Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)

A concentration of 2 parts formaldehyde per million parts of air (2 ppm) during a 15 minute period.

Nitrocellulose

A dangerous fire and explosion hazard when in dry form. Less flammable when wet. Found in: feature builder; sealing lacquer

propylene glycol

A skin and eye irritant Found in: cavity embalming fluid

Acute effect

Adverse effect on a human or an animal which has severe symptoms developing rapidly and coming quickly to a crisis.

ACGIH

American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists organization of professional personnel in governmental agencies or educational institutions who are employed in occupational safety and health programs

Chronic effect

An adverse effect on a human or an animal body, with symptoms which develop slowly over a long period of time or which recur frequently.

Germicide

An agent, usually chemical, applied either to inanimate objects/surfaces or living tissue for the purpose of destroying disease-causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores:

disinfectant

An agent, usually chemical, applied to inanimate objects/surfaces to destroy disease causing microbial agents, but usually not bacterial spores.

sanitizer

An agent, usually chemical, that possesses disinfecting properties when applied to a pre-cleaned object or surface:

hazardous chemical

Any chemical whose presence or use is a physical hazard or a health hazard.

Capillary embalming

Arterial Embalming could also be called

Paraformaldehyde

Can produce formaldehyde when heated. Found in: embalming/deodorizing powders, sealing powders, cavity desiccants, and hardening compounds

Health hazard

Carcinogen Mutagenicity Reproductive Toxicity Respiratory Sensitizer Target Organ Toxicity Aspiration Toxicity

Cavity embalming

Direct treatment, other than vascular (arterial) injection, of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection.

Exposure Control Plan (ECP)

Exposure determination, methods of compliance, hep b vaccination, post exposure evaluation and follow up

NIOSH

Federal agency that recommends ways to prevent work-related injury

Amaranth

Formerly known as Red Dye #2, this member of the azo dye family is a suspect human carcinogen. It is no longer acceptable in food, drugs, or cosmetics Found in: coloring powder for arterial fluids

Chloroform

Found in accessory embalming chemical sealant

2-butoxyethanol (Butyl Cellosolve OR Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether)

Found in arterial embalming chemicals

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)

Found in arterial fluids, preinjection fluids, co-injection fluids, cavity fluids

Paratertiary pentyl phenol

Found in cavity embalming solutions, disinfectant sprays, antiseptic soaps and bleaching agents

ethyl alcohol

Found in cavity fluid and cosmetics

ethylene glycol monomethyl ether

Found in cosmetics

Cresol

Found in disinfectant and accessory embalming chemicals

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Found in disinfectants, cavity and accessory embalming fluid

Ethyl acetate

Found in embalming cosmetic spray, cavity fluid, sanitizing spray, and sealing lacquer

propane

Found in propellants, aerosol embalming sealants, cosmetic sprays, and insecticide/miticide sprays

trichloroethane

Found in: cleaning solvents, sanitizing embalming sprays, aerosol lanolin skin creams, and cosmetics.

chlorine salts (hypochlorites)

Found in: embalming deodorant, bleach and disinfectants

Sodium hypochlorite

Found in: household bleach and other bleaching agents

Diethanolamine

Found in: humectant and arterial embalming

carbon tetrachloride

Found in: organic solvents

Alkyl Dimethylbenzyl Ammonium Chloride

Health Effects: this material BELONGS TO THE CHEMICAL FAMILY "QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS". it is a skin and eye irritant. it has a moderate to high oral toxicity and is moderately toxic via skin absorption Found in: cold disinfectant, embalming spray, embalming cauterant

Bacteriostatic

Inhibiting the growth or multiplication of bacteria (no destruction of viability implied)

Hypodermic embalming

Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar.

Talc

Mainly regarded as a nuisance dust, prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to lung disease although the mechanism of inducement is unclear. Found in drying powder.

Hazard Communication Standard

OSHA standard that requires employers to notify employees when hazardous chemicals are present in the workplace and to train employees to work with them safely. 1. Fluorescent orange labels 2.orange and red labels 3.predominantly orange and red warning labels 4. labels with lettering and symbols in contrasting colors 5. other suitable substitutes for labels, such as, red bags or red containers

sterilization

Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms.

Quartz

Prolonged repeated exposure can lead to lung disease. Found in: finishing powder

Cleaning

Removal of infectious agents by scrubbing and washing, as with hot water, soap, or a suitable detergent

Action level

That level at which certain actions must occur. In the formaldehyde standard, the level at which periodic monitoring for formaldehyde becomes necessary and at which medical surveillance becomes necessary.

isobutane

The inhalation can cause suffocation. Fire risk. Found in aerosol propellants, cosmetics, insecticides, and deodorants

Decontamination

The use of physical, chemical, or other means to remove, inactivate, or destroy harmful microorganisms or chemicals from a surface

Primary disinfection

Those disinfection procedures carried out prior to embalming the body. This would include topical disinfection of and washing the deceased human body

Formaldehyde

a colorless pungent gas in solution made by oxidizing methanol.

Acetone

a narcotic in high concentrations which can cause sking irritation. Dangerous fire rishk

Sanitation

a process to promote and establish conditions that minimize or eliminate bio hazards

Substrate

a substance acted upon (e.g. protein, fat, carbohydrate), as by an enzyme in the living organism, or embalming chemicals in preserving the dead body

Isopropyl alcohol

an eye, nose and throat irritant, in high concentrations it cause, mild narcotic effects, corneal burn, and eye damage. Found in cavity and accessory embalming fluids, feature builder, cosmetics, color concentrate, fungal inhibitors, preinjection chemicals, liquid embalming cosmetics andsprays, tissue filler, supplemental embalming gels, aerosol deodorant, sealing lacquers, and solvent thinners

ammonia

causes nose and throat irritation; found in cleaning agents to neutralize formaldehyde

Preservative*

chemicals that inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive,, and that will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition

Trichloroethylene

cleaning solvents

Control of Communicable diseases manual

commonplace in funeral homes as resources that satisfy OSHA compliance standards

Enzyme

complex proteins that are produced by cells which act as a biological catalyst

Decay*

decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria

Putrefaction*

decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria

Bactericidal

destructive to bacteria

Aspiration

done by piercing all abdominal and thoracic organs and all areas of the cavities. 32 to 48 ounces of cavity fluid

oxalic acid

ethanedioic acid found in embalming adhesive gels

diethylene glycol

found in arterial and cavity embalming fluids

Hexylene Glycol

found in arterial embalming fluid

Methyl alchol

found in arterial, cavity and accessory embalming fluids and gels and solvents; tissue fillers; embalming cauterants; bleaching agents; cosmetics; and color concentrates

Orthodichlorobenzene

found in cavity and supplemental embalming chemicals and gels, and bleaching agents. (Irritating to skin, eyes, and the upper respiratory tract.)

paradichlorobenzene

found in deodorizing powders

Camphor

found in embalming fluid (local exposure may cause irritation)

Ethylene dichloride

found in embalming fluid and cavity fluid

Mineral Spirits

found in liquid embalming cosmetics and sprays, and organic solvents.

Dimethylformamide (DMF)

found in solvents

formic acid

found in supplement embalming chemicals and bleaching agents (corrosive to skin and mucous membranes.) An active irritant in the defensive secretions of bees, ants, and other insects.

Toluene

found in: external embalming sealers, lip cosmetics and cosmetic sprays, sealing lacquer, solvents, and thinners

Asepiss

freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility

Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

has mandates to protect health care providers from diseases caused by exposure to body fluids

Sodium pentachlorophenate

health: widely used as fungicide and disinfectant, high tox via inhalation and ingestion, highly irritating to skin found in: AF

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

information sheets that must be provided by the manufacturer for all hazardous products

amitrole

moderate to low oral toxicity, possible carcinogen, found in cavity fluid

Training records

must be kept for 3 years, must include the following: 1.the date of each training session 2. a summary of each training session 3. the names and titles of all persons attending each training session 4. the names and qualification of trainers

Protein

one of a class of complex nitrogenous compounds that are synthesized by all living organisms and yield amino acids when hydrolyzed

Surface embalming

preservation of the body tissues by direct contact with embalming chemicals

embalming

process of chemically treating the dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition, and restore an acceptable physical appearance

HCS hazard communication standard

requires plan to communicate chemical hazards to employees-MSDS must be available on all chemicals

Decomposition*

separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes

terminal disinfection

the cleaning and disinfection of the body, instruments and the embalming room following embalming of the body

Concurrent disinfection

the cleaning of the body and instruments at the time of embalming the body

Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

the maximum legal limits established by OSHA for regulated substances. These are based on employee exposure that is time weighted over an 8 hour work shift. When these limits are exceeded, employers must take proper steps to reduce employee exposure. For formaldehyde, the PEL is .75 ppm.

Preservation*

the science of treating the dead human body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition

Vascular (Arterial) Embalming

the use of the blood vascular system of the body for temporary preservation, disinfection and restoration; accomplished through injection of embalming solutions into the arteries and drainage from the veins

Stabilize

to prevent or retard an unwanted alteration of physical state. Slowing the onset of changes of decomposition by the use of refrigeration, dry or wet ice, and the injection of non-formaldehyde fluids.