Embalming Comp

The embalming pressure achieved in gravity embalming is

0.43 lb./ft.

Which of these is an example of a perfuming agent?

Benzaldehyde

Addison's Disease generally results in which kind of discoloration?

Bronze

What substance undergoes the fermentation process?

Carbohydrates

Which man established a method of embalming without evisceration?

Clauderus

What type of autopsy involves the post mortem examination of the brain only?

Cranial autopsy

Which of these terms is used to describe the color of the external tissue of an artery?

Cream-colored

What is lipolysis?

Decomposition of fats

Which is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration?

Ecchymosis

In which of the following cases will decomposition develop most rapidly?

Edematous Cases

Method of injection and drainage recommended for use in embalming cases which exhibit vascular disorders

Intermittent Method

Which vein is considered to be the companion to the common carotid artery?

Internal jugular vein

What type of solutions can be placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane without either solution attracting solvent from the other solution across the membrane?

Isotonic solutions

What is the purpose of adding Oil of Wintergreen to an embalming fluid?

It can act as a perfuming agent

What is the purpose of phenol in embalming fluids?

It can act as a preservative/disinfectant

What is hydrogen peroxide used for in the preparation of a dead body?

It can be used as a topical bleach and disinfectant of the body

Which of these is a disadvantage of using the gravity percolator for embalming?

It has a limited pressure range

An influential person in medical embalming who was the first to make embalming available to the public is

Jean Gannal

When embalming the autopsy case which of the following would be utilized to inject the upper left extremity?

Left subclavian

If injecting an infant case by way of the heart, which chamber of the heart is considered most appropriate to insert the arterial tube for the best results?

Left ventricle

Which test for death involves the discoloration of the distal part of a finger or toe?

Ligature test

Who is said to be the "Father of Histology"?

Marcello Malpighi

Who was the first to note capillary circulation?

Marcello Malpighi

What muscle is injected with arterial fluid to facilitate the closure of the mouth?

Masseter

Which of these terms designates a person who is in the act of dying?

Moribund

Which of these is the solid state of formaldehyde?

Paraformaldehyde

When the pathologist makes an incision for a cranial autopsy, which of the following best describes the proper location for the incision to begin?

Posterior to the ear

Which of the following accessory chemicals is designed to preserve tissue either by direct contact or through gaseous vapors?

Preservative powders

What substance undergoes the process of decay by aerobic bacterial enzymes?

Proteins

What muscle acts as the anatomical guide for the external iliac artery?

Psoas major

What suture is used to close a trocar puncture?

Purse string

Which of these conditions contributes to skin-slip?

Putrefaction of the body tissues

If a body part has been mutilated, which of the following embalming procedures is recommended?

Sectional embalming

Who is responsible for creating the secondary dilution of the arterial solution?

The body of the deceased

What is the purpose of adding eosin and erythrosine to arterial fluid?

They impart a color to the tissue

Which of the following suture patterns is used to turn under the excess margins of skin in an incision?

Worm stitch

Distention of the body tissues is a complication of

anasarca

The artery courses along the lateral margin of the crest of the tibia, passes through the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery.

anterior tibial

Chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of the blood are

anticoagulants

The mixture of embalming fluid and water which is used in arterial injections is

arterial solution

Vascular embalming fluids are injected into the

arterial system

An accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is

ascites

Blood vessel at the origin of the brachial artery

axillary artery

Which of these sutures begins by placing the point of the needle within the incision and then up through the skin passing from one side of the incision to the other side with each stitch.

baseball stitch

An embalming instrument which is a one piece scalpel used for making incisions and excisions is

bistoury

An embalming chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues is a(n)

buffer

Arteriosclerosis is a condition caused by the presence of __________ in the arterial tunics

calcium deposits

The linear guide for the axillary artery is from the

center of the axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity

The action of CH2O on protein is termed

coagulation

The anatomical guide for the artery is along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

common carotid

hydrocele

edema of the scrotum

A mixture of formaldehyde gas dissolved in water is

formalin

An instrument which may be used to guide an arterial or vein tube into a vessel in the

groove director

A direct method of drainage accomplished by inserting a trocar into the right atrium of the heart is

heart tap

The swelling and bursting of the red blood cells is

hemolysis

What embalming instrument can be used to clamp a leaking blood vessel

hemostat

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a jaundice fluid?

high formaldehyde content

The onset of postmortem changes generally

hinders the embalming operation

An aneurysm may prove troublesome in embalming because

if it ruptures fluid injected will escape from the vascular system

In the normal case, the first organ to decompose

lining of the trachea and larynx

Which of the following is a disinfectant and preservative found in hardening compounds?

paraformaldehyde

The artery which originates at the opening in the adductor magnus muscle and terminates at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle.

popliteal

From the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus bone is the linear guide for the

posterior tibial artery

Chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria and alter tissues so as to render them less susceptible to decomposition are

preservatives

Decomposition of proteins by anaerobic bacteria is

putrefaction

Rigor mortis is detrimental to the embalming process because it what

retards fluid distribution

The whip stich is also known as the

roll stitch

What instrument can be used to hold a cotton ball used to disinfectant the eyes

spring forceps

Perfuming materials are used in embalming fluids because

they mask the odor of formaldehyde

A long hollow needle-like tube that is used to draw out the contents of the cavities and hollow organs of the body is

trocar

What procedures may be used to return the body of an emaciated case to normal contour and moisture content

use restricted drainage

A blister is also known as what

vesicle

What is the normal color of a nerve?

white

Co-injection fluids are used

with arterial solutions

How much of a 16 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 1.5% solution?

24 oz

The optimum temperature to promote decomposition is

99° F

A dead human body which is used for anatomical and scientific study is

a cadaver

Which of the following is not an infectious disease?

Hydrocephalus

What type of solution will have its solvent drawn through a semi-permeable membrane into a more concentrated solution?

Hypotonic solution

What is the decomposition of sugar called?

Saccharolysis

Which of these embalming instruments is used to make an incision?

Scalpel

What type of death is said to begin in any one of three vital organs?

Somatic death

The method of drainage in relation to injection in which an amount of arterial fluid is injected and then drainage is allowed to flow for a period of time, each one separately is the method.

alternate

An embalming instrument that is used in raising vessels and for blunt dissection is

an aneurysm hook

An instrument which is inserted into the artery for the introduction of fluid is

an arterial tube

Which of the following is an extrinsic factor to be considered in embalming a dead body?

atmospheric condition

The first body compounds to decompose

carbohydrates

A condition which favors edema

carbon monoxide poisoning

Those pre-embalming considerations given to the case at hand are called

case analysis

Example of an intrinsic factor in case analysis

cause of death

Type of embalming fluid used to disinfect and preserve the viscera in the cavities of the body is

cavity fluid

The linear guide for the brachial artery is from the

center of the base of the axillary space to the center of the inner bend of the elbow

Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the

cranium

From the center of the anterior surface of the ankle joint to a point between the first and second toe is the linear guide for the

dorsalis pedis artery

Factors influencing the rate of decomposition such as air, environmental temperature, and moisture in the atmosphere are known as

extrinsic factors

The first muscle tissue to be affected by rigor mortis is

eyes

Which of the following blood vessels is the origin of the popliteal artery?

femoral artery

The dilution of concentrated arterial fluid as prepared by the embalmer is called the

primary dilution

Burns that have blisters that form are classified as

second degree

The dilution of arterial solutions by the fluids of the body is called the

secondary dilution

Death beginning by failure of one of the vital organs of the body

somatic death

The right common carotid artery begins at the level of the

sternoclavicular articulation

What body organ will produce hydrochloric acid?

stomach

The right artery is shorter than the left one due to its origin.

subclavian

A delicate instrument for detecting almost inaudible heart sounds

the stethoscope

Which of the following would be the most likely to cause intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?

thrombi

An extrinsic variable factor in the embalming is

time lapse between death and embalming

On the surface of the forearm from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth finger is the linear guide for the

ulnar artery

When preparing the infant case, which of the following is recommended to be applied to the tissues of the visible parts of the body during embalming?

Massage cream

The hardening agent in hardening compounds is

Plaster of Paris

Which of the following best describes the proper torso incision made when performing an autopsy?

Y shaped

Jaundice fluid is classified as

a special arterial fluid

An incision into a vessel that is parallel to the long axis of a blood vessel is the

longitudinal incision

study of death

thanatology

The initial color change of decomposing tissue is

yellow-green

If you use 8 oz. of 16 index fluid to one gallon of water, what would be the index of your solution?

1.0%

What type of autopsy consists of the examination of the gastrointestinal tract below the diaphragm?

Abdominal

Which of the following would NOT affect the rate of flow?

Adjusting the pressure knob.

Generalized edema is referred to as

Anasarca

What type of cavity treatment involves the making of an incision from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic symphysis of the pelvic girdle?

Direct incision

Which of the following factors is NOT encountered in every dead human body?

Extravascular factors

Which blood vessel is the continuation of the external iliac artery?

Femoral artery

Which of these organs will yield bile when aspirated by a trocar?

Gall Bladder

Which of these devices found in the preparation room uses water pressure to create a vacuum?

Hydroaspirator

If you are embalming a body which has an infectious disease when should the cavity treatment procedure begin?

Immediately after arterial injection is completed

Which of these suture patterns is best suited for exposed skin?

Intradermal stitch

The individual for whom "Hunters Canal" is named is

John Hunter

Which of the following treatments would be used for the embalming of a dehydrated body?

Large volume of a dilute solution

Which of the following arteries begins at the level of the second costal cartilage?

Left common carotid

Which of the following treatments should be used when intravascular difficulties are manifested during the embalming process?

Low pressure, slow rate of flow

Which of the following muscles is injected with a hypodermic injection of cavity fluid to facilitate mouth closure?

Masseter

What instrument is used as a device to facilitate the closure of the mouth?

Needle injector

Which instrument is used in the test for death involving the use of a beam of light to check for fluid movement in the retina of the eyeball?

Ophthalmoscope

Pin-point hemorrhage refers to which of the following?

Petechia

The science of treating the body chemically, so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition, would most appropriately apply to which of the following terms?

Preservation

The color of cadaveric lividity can best be described by which of the following?

Purple

Which of the following embalming fluids produces maximum disinfection and preservation without causing objectionable changes in skin texture?

Semi-hardening arterial fluids

Blood vessel that is the origin of the axillary artery

Subclavian Artery

Which of the following actions would help normalize the moisture content of an emaciated body?

The slow injection of a mild solution

Which of these is the prescribed incision for a sclerotic blood vessel?

Triangular wedge

Which artery can be located along a line from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth digits of the upper extremity?

Ulnar

Cosmetic fluids are so called because they contain

active dyes

What is the purpose of formaldehyde in the embalming fluids?

acts as a preservative

Distension of the body tissues is a complication of

anasarca

A discoloration that appears on the body during life is considered

ante mortem

Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic factor to be considered in case analysis?

atmospheric conditions

The self destruction of cells is known as

autolysis

The linear guide for the radial artery is from the

center of the antecubital fossa to the center of the base of the index finger

Carbon monoxide poisoning results in a ___________ discoloration

cherry red

A device which extends from some point over the sternum to a point under the chin and is used to support the chin during embalming is called a

chin rest

For which of the following cases would high index fluids be recommended

decomposition cases

Which of the following are not classified as a chemical reaction

desiccation

An embalming instrument used to hypodermically inject areas of the body with embalming chemicals is a(n)

hypo-valve trocar

The settling of the blood to the dependent parts if the body is known as

hypostasis

The ulnar artery lies along the border of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle.

lateral

The decomposition of fats occurs by

lipolysis

Clear embalming fluid is usually purged from the nose and mouth during preparation of cases dead of pulmonary tuberculosis because why?

lung capillaries are weakened by disease

The passage of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a dilute into a concentrated solution is

osmosis

The passing of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration is the definition of

osmosis

Which of the following are liquids or gels that help treat skin slips, gangrene, and surface ulcerations

pack applications

The temporary rise in body temperature after death is called

postmortem caloricity

The passing of arterial solution through the capillary wall, caused by positive intravascular pressure, is

pressure filtration

When preparing to embalm a dead body the embalmer will prepare a solution by adding the concentrated embalming fluid to water in the reservoir of the injection device. This dilution of fluid is called

primary

The post mortem stiffening of the body muscles is

rigor mortis

In the femoral triangle the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the muscle

sartorius

The common carotid arteries terminate at the level of the

superior border of the thyroid cartilage

Death beginning at the heart is termed

syncope

How far above the injection site would the bottom of the gravity percolator need to be in order achieve one pound of injection pressure

two feet

The most common vehicle used in embalming fluids is

water

The point of entry for the trocar when aspirating the cavities is

2 inches above and 2 inches to the left of the umbilicus.

Which of these conditions is associated with edema?

Alcoholism

Which of these instruments is inserted into an artery to facilitate the introduction of arterial fluid?

Arterial tube

______________________ is a condition which predisposes to intravascular difficulties.

Arteriosclerosis

Which of the following is a reliable sign of fluid distribution?

Distention of the superficial vessels

What type of chemical agents are capable of inactivating saprophytic bacteria, rendering unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which such bacteria thrive, and arresting the decomposition process?

Preservatives

Which chemical substances inactivate the saprophytic bacteria of a body and alter the tissues of the body to render them less susceptible to decomposition?

Preservatives

That procedure of disinfection following the embalming process to protect the environment would most appropriately apply to which of the following?

Terminal disinfections

Which of these is considered to be the most important aspect of the embalming operation?

The disinfection of the body

Which of the following conditions creates intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?

Vascular disease

A method of obtaining pressure for the injection of arterial fluid is

a hand pump

Method of creating injection pressure that incorporates air being forced under pressure into the fluid chamber to displace the embalming fluid into the body

air pressure

The post mortem loss of body heat is

algor mortis

When treating pustular or ulcerative lesions what should be done?

all of these

One purpose for which cavity fluids would NOT normally be recommended is

arterial injections

The anatomical guide for the artery is posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle

brachial

The action of formaldehyde on protein is

coagulation

An abnormal color appearing in or upon human body is

discoloration

The process of chemically treating a dead human body to reduce the presence and growth of microorganisms, retard organic decomposition, and restore an acceptable physical appearance is

embalming

Edema within the pleural cavity is

hydrothorax

Continuous injection of arterial solution with drainage taken at intervals is called

intermittent

The method of drainage in relation to injection in which injection in continued and drainage taken at intervals is the method

intermittent

Improper positioning of the head on the headrest may interfere with drainage from the

jugular vein

What method of mouth closure would be used to secure the mouth of the body that has dentures but also serious gum disease

mandibular suture

The purpose of the embalming analysis is to determine

the proper embalming techniqe and chemicals to use

hard water

promotes blood clotting

When injecting a body with any mechanical injector the desired pressure should be

set before opening the rate of flow

When using the gravity method of obtaining pressure for injecting arterial fluid, the embalmer can expect to receive approximately pound(s) of pressure per foot of elevation above the point of injection

1/2

There is an immediate danger to health and life if exposed to formaldehyde levels above

100 ppm

The amount of arterial fluid necessary to make one gallon of solution at 2% strength using a 20 index fluid is

12.3 oz

A bronze discoloration develops on the body as a result of

Addison's disease

Which of the following are the first products of decomposition?

Amino acids

Which of these arteries extends from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle?

Anterior tibial

Which chemical agents retard the tendency of blood to become more viscous?

Anticoagulants

Which of these is NOT a recommended method of stimulating blood drainage?

Application of a cavity fluid compress

What is the name given to a type of purge which has a color and odor consistent with that of arterial fluid solution?

False purge

If an embalmer elevated a gravity percolator ten feet above the injection site how many pounds of potential pressure would be created?

Five

Complete cellular death always _________ somatic death

Follows

The discoloration resulting when HCHO reacts with hemoglobin in the tissues

Formaldehyde gray

Which of the following characterizes lung purge?

Frothy white color

The first people believed to have practiced cremation were the

Greeks

Which blood vessel lies just lateral of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?

Radial artery

The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color is a definition which would most correctly apply to which of the following?

Restoration

When embalming the autopsy case which of the following would be utilized to inject the lower right extremity?

Right common iliac

The cooling of the body to the temperature of its surroundings is

algor mortis

The inferior vena cava is the vein which accompanies the

descending aorta

Separation of the dermis and the epidermis after death is called

desquamation.

The passage of arterial solution from the capillaries into the intercellular spaces is referred to as

diffusion

In the normal eye closure the eyelids should meet in the

lower one-third of the orbit

The method of mouth closure employing a suture passed through the septum of the nose and around the mandible is called

mandibular suture

When preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case, the solution should be what

more astringent than usual

The injection of arterial solution at more than one location is referred to as

multi-point injection

The Egyptians immersed bodies in

natron solution

That method of mouth closure which employs wires attached to small tacks which are inserted into the upper and lower jaw is called

needle injector

What percentage dilute solution is created by adding 32 ounces of a 28 index fluid in enough water to make 4 gallons of solution?

1.75 index

Which of these blood vessels is located posterior to the medial border of the belly of the biceps brachii muscle?

Brachial artery

Livor mortis is synonymous with

Cadaveric Lividity

The destruction or inhibition of most pathogenic bacteria and their products in or on the body defines which of the following terms?

Disinfection

Which of the following suture patterns involves the use of two needles?

Double intradermal stitch

The "Father of Embalming" was

Dr. Frederich Ruysch

The "Father of Embalming in the U.S." was

Dr. Thomas Holmes

The individual who is credited with the discovery of the circulation of blood is

Dr. William Harvey

What is the name given to the embalming process in which the injection of one common carotid artery is accomplished while the other common carotid artery is occluded?

Restricted cervical injection

Which of these conditions may affect the pressure at which arterial fluid must be injected to overcome the initial resistance?

Rigor mortis

An antemortem extravascular blood discoloration

hematoma

Chemical additives that act as moisture retainers in the tissues are termed

humectants