Embalming Review Ethics

Hypertonic

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared defines:

Imbibition

Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in postmortem edema:

Ascites

Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity:

Longitudinal Incision

An incision into a vessel that is parallel to the long axis of a blood vessel is the:

Fermentation

Bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates:

Crepitation

Crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpated, as in subcutaneous emphysema:

Decay

Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria:

Common Carotid

The anatomical guide for the______artery is along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle:

Right Atrium of the Heart

The center of venous drainage in embalming:

Sternoclaviculoar Articulation

The right common carotid artery begins at the level of the:

Roll stitch

The whip stitch is also known as the:

External Illiac

The_____artery changes its name to femoral and is used in the embalming of an autopsied body:

Desiccation

Which of the following is NOT classified as a chemical change:

Benzaldehyde

Which of these is an example of a perfuming agent:

Livor Mortis

Which one of the following is a postmortem physical change:

Buffers

A chemical which affects the stabilization of the acid-base (ph) balance within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissues:

Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease

A disease of the cranial nervous system with unknown etiology assumed to be caused by a prion:

Clinical Death

A phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes during which life may be restored:

Bacteriostatic Agent

Agent that has the ability to inhibit or retard bacterial growth, but does not kill the microorganism:

Petechia

Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin:

Vacuum Breaker

Apparatus that prevents the back-siphoning of contaminated liquids into potable water supply lines or plumbing cross-connections within the preparation room:

ALL of THESE Flattening of the eyeball Clouding of the cornea Loss of luster of the conjunctiva

Changes occurring in the eyes after death include:

Humectant

Chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture:

Surfactant

Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures:

Modifying Agents

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicated upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the embalming fluid to be used:

Pitting Edema

Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation:

Ischemic Necrosis

Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic and occurs when the arteries but not the veins are obstructed:

Agonal Algor

Decrease in body temperature immediately before death:

1.03%

Determine the strength of the arterial solution when 7 oz. of 20 index arterial fluid and 1 gallon of water are used:

1.4%

Determine the strength of the solution when 10 oz. of a 20 index fluid is added to a full gallon of water:

Cecum

Direct trocar point toward a point one-fourth of the distance from the right anterior-superior illiac spine to the pubic symphysis, keeping the trocar well up near the abdominal wall until within four inches of right anterior-superior illiac spine, then dip point two inches and insert it into:

Stomach

Direct trocar point toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left mid-axillary line; continue until the trocar enter the:

Concurrent Disinfection

Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process:

Agonal Edema

Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death:

Posterior Tibial Artery

From the center of the popliteal space to a point midway between the medial malleolus and the calcaneus bone is the linear guide for the:

Accessory Chemical

Group of chemicals used in addition to vascular and cavity embalming fluids; includes but is not limited to hardening compounds, preservative powders, sealing agents:

Promotes blood clotting

Hard water:

Causes a stain

Hemolysis complicates the embalming process because it:

13 oz. arterial fluid, 115 oz. of water

How much arterial fluid is needed to prepare 1 gallon of solution of 2% strength using a 20 index fluid:

20

If the Index is 20, how much formaldehyde per 100ml, is in the solution:

Jugular Vein

Improper positioning of the head on the headrest may interfere with drainage from the:

Drainage is usually a problem due to increased blood viscosity

In cases where death accompanied by high fever:

Sartorius

In the femoral triangle the femoral artery is bordered laterally by the_____muscle:

Lining of the trachea and larynx

In the normal case, the first organ to decompose is the:

Ptomaines

Indole, Skatole, Cadaverine, and Putrescine:

Axillary

Just behind the medial border of the coracobrachialis muscle is the anatomical guide for the_______artery:

Tardieu Spots

MInute petechial hemorrhages caused by the rupture of minute vessels as blood settles into the dependent areas of organs and tissues most common in asphyxia or slow death:

Restricted Drainage

Method of injection-drainage in which embalming solution is injected and then injection is stopped while drainage is open:

Death Rattle

Noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucous in the trachea and posterior oral cavity:

Signs of decomposition

Odor, purge, and skin slip are:

Pressure Filtration

Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids:

Retards fluid distribution

Rigor mortis is detrimental to the embalming process because it:

Autolysis

Self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance.

Desquamation

Separation and sloughing off of the epidermis from the underlying dermis:

Decomposition

Separation of compounds into simpler substances by the action of microbial and/or autolytic enzymes:

Dialysis

Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane:

Anasarca

Severe generalized edema:

Adipocere

Soft, whitish, crumbly or greasy material that forms upon the postmortem hydrolysis and hydrogenation of body fats:

2 ppm/15 minutes

The Formaldehyde Standard for short-term exposure to formaldehyde is:

Coagulation

The action for formaldehyde on protein is termed:

Superior Border of the Thyroid Cartilage

The common carotid arteries terminate at the level of the:

Saponification

The conversion of fatty tissues of the body into a soapy waxy substance called adipocere or grave wax:

Primary Dilution

The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine:

Postmortem Extravascular Discoloration

The discoloration which is considered to be most permanent is:

Calvarium

The dome-like superior portion of the cranium removed during cranial autopsy:

Carbohydrates

The first body compounds to decompose are the:

Green

The first external color change that occurs during decomposition in the unembalmed body:

Eyes

The first muscle tissue to be affected by rigor mortis is:

Descending Aorta

The inferior vena cava is the vein which accompanies the:

Diffusion

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached:

Actual Pressure

The pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body:

Postmortem Caloricity

The rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism:

5

Following the 50 pound rule, how many gallons of fluid are needed for a 250 pound man:

1 1/2 gallons

If you use 16 oz of 30 index fluid, how many gallons of a 2.5% solution will you have

Moribund

In a dying state; in the agonal period:

Cadaveric Lividity

Livor mortis is synonymous with:

Algor Mortis

Postmortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature:

Livor Mortis

Postmortem, intravascular, red-blue discoloration resulting from hypostasis of blood:

Center of the axillary space parallel to the long axis of the upper extremity

The linear guide for the axillary artery is from the:

0.75 ppm

The maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over an eight hour time period is:

Potential Pressure

The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off:

Thoracic congestion and increased blood viscosity

When death has been due to pneumonia, an embalmer should expect:

Radial

Which artery should be raised and injected to facilitate the embalming of the body between the antecubital fossa and the wrist:

Radial Artery

Which blood vessel lies just lateral of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle:

Delayed Fixation

Which is NOT an advantage of restricted cervical injection:

Femoral Artery

Which of the following blood vessels in the origin of the popliteal artery:

Peritonitis

Which of the following conditions would predispose a dead human body to rapid decomposition:

High Formaldehyde Content

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of a jaundice fluid:

16

What index fluid must you use to have 2 gallons of diluted fluid with a strength of 1% If you use 16 oz. of concentrated fluid:

It will impart a color change

What is the purpose of ponceau in embalming fluids:

It lies medial and deep

What is the relationship of the femoral vein to the femoral artery:

More astringent than usual

When preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case, the solution should be:

Ulnar

Which artery can be located along a line from the center of the antecubital fossa to a point between the fourth and fifth digits of the upper extremity:

Hematoma

Which of the following is an antemortem extravascular blood discoloration:

Large volume of dilute solution

Which of the following treatments would be used for the embalming of a dehydrated body:

The temperature of the body

Which of the following would NOT influence the choice of the artery to be used in embalming:

Anterior Tibial

Which of these arteries extends from the lateral border of the patella to the anterior surface of the ankle:

Postmortem Caloricity

Which of these is an example of a pre-embalming chemical change in a body:

Treat for preservation first, moderate to strong solution with added dye.

You have a body with generalized edema and jaundice; which of the following would be a correct treatment:

Restricted cervical injection, solution strength determined by body conditions, utilize instant tissue fixation when injecting head

You have a head trauma case, eyes swollen and discolored, dead over six hours; which of the following would be a correct treatment: