Emissions Systems

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What % comes from fuel evaporation?

20%

What % comes from the crankcase vapors?

20%

Monolithic converter

Ceramic honeycomb catalyst

Catalyst monitor

Checks the oxygen content of the exhaust gases after eating the catalytic converter to determine if the catalyst elements are working

Dual Bed

Contains 2 separate catalyst units enclosed in a single housing

Purge valve

Controls the flow of vapors from the canister to the intake manifold

Enhanced EVAP system has several components and features not found on what?

Conventional EVAP systems

EGR Monitoring

Cools down, lowers NOX

Non-vented fuel tank cap

Prevents fuel vapors from entering the atmosphere through the tanks filler neck

Actuator Monitoring

Proper amount of current

2 way catalytic converter

Reduce 2 types of exhaust emissions (HC & CO) and coated with platinum

Air injection system

Reduces hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide and forces fresh air into the exhaust ports or catalytic converter to reduce (burn off) HC and CO

Pellet catalytic converter

Small ceramic beads are used

Particulates

Solid particles of carbon soot and fuel additives that blow out the vehicles tailpipe

Liquid vapor separator

Sometimes used to keep fuel from entering the evap emissions system

Charcoal canister

Stores fuel vapors when the engine is not running and usually around the fuel tank

Closed PCV

System that is always sealed uses a sealed oil filler cap

Thermastatic air cleaner system

TAC system help speed engine warmup and keeps air entering the engine warm

Catalyst Monitor

Works with both O2 sensors and checks the oxygen content of the exhaust gases engine misfire monitoring

Photochemical smog

Yellow-gray cloud of pollution after sunlight hits it

3 way reducing

all 3 types

EVAP Monitoring

Prevents HC

Evaporative emissions control system (EVAP)

1. Air cleaner carbon element 2. Prevents toxic fuel system vapors from entering the atmosphere

What are some engine modifications to reduce emissions?

1. Lower compression ratios 2. Smaller combustion chamber surface volume 3. Reduce quench areas in the combustion chambers 4. Higher operating temperature 5. Leaner air-fuel mixtures 6. Wider spark plug gaps

Emissions system purpose?

1. Reduces the amount of chemicals released into the atmosphere 2.Helps keep the air clean

What % comes from engine exhaust?

60%

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system

Allows burnt exhaust gases to enter the engine intake manifold to help reduce NOX emissions

Air pollution is caused by what?

An excess amount of chemicals in the air

Catalyst

Any substance that speeds a chemical reaction without itself being changed

Blowby gases

Caused by pressure leakage past the piston rings on the power stroke.

Oil-air separator

Device that makes oil vapors condense and flow back into the oil pan

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)

High combustion temperature (2500F) *dirty color*

OBD II

Monitors major emissions control system and ECM sets trouble code and illuminates malfunction indicator light when problems are detected

Oxygen sensor

Monitors the exhaust gases for oxygen content and measure O2 in the exhaust

What is in the place of the PCV valve?

Oil-air separator

Catalytic Converter

Oxides (burns) the remaining HC and CO emissions that pass into the exhaust system

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Partially burned fuel

Hydrocarbons (HC)

Unburned fuel vapors into the atmosphere

PCV valve

Used to control the flow of air through the PCV system

Rollover valve

Used to vent line from the fuel tank. Keeps liquid fuel from entering the vent line in case the vehicle rolls over during an auto accident

PCV

Uses engine vacuum to draw blowby gases into the intake manifold for reburning in the combustion chambers

Computerized emission control system

Uses various engine sensors a 3 way catalytic converter, an ECM, electronic fuel injection to reduce pollution levels from the vehicle


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