EMS Chapter 9

You are performing mouth to mask ventilation with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

55%

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

Is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

A 23-year-old man experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid, shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the

Alveolar sacs

How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels have been depleted, ventilation may occur.

All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating and apneic patient with a bag mask device, EXCEPT:

Increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

bronchus

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is ________mm Hg, whereas the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _________mm Hg.

104, 40

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min

A normal respiratory rate for an adult is typically:

12 to 20 breaths per minute

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag mask device technique is correct?

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-mask device.

In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called:

Aerobic metabolism

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to

Assess the rate and quality of his breathing

With_______, the force of the injury occurs over a broad area, and the skin is usually not broken.

Blunt Trauma

Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder?

Bourbon-gauge flowmeter

The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected

Cervical spine injuries

The reason a patient called for help

Chief complaint

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway you should measure from the

Corner of the mouth to the earlobe

When there are low levels of oxygen in the blood, the lips and mucous membranes appear blue or gray. This condition is called:

Cyanosis

An integral part of the rapid scan is evaluation using the mnemonic:

DCAP-BTLS

A 37 year old man has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

Encouraging him to cough and transport to the emergency department.

The best indicator of brain function is the patient's:

Mental status

The mental status of a patient

Orientation

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

Slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

Suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx

For children younger than 1 year old, you should palpate the _________ artery when assessing the pulse.

brachial

The main advantage of the Venturi mask is

The use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the long-term management of physiologically stable patients.

The process of establishing treatment and transport priorities

Triage

Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct?

With positive- pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing

On which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to use the flow-restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device?

a 21 year-old man with traumatic cardiac arrest

The scene size-up consists of all of the following EXCEPT:

determining level of responsiveness

CPAP is indicated for patients who:

have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

nasal cannula