EMT, 29, 30, 31 Final Review*
Which of the following scenarios is an example of a direct injury?
A passenger fractures her patella after it strikes the dashboard.
Soft tissue damage inside the body, but skin remains intact
Closed abdominal injury
What structure separates the abdomen from the thoracic cavity?
Diaphragm
Displacement of organs outside body
Evisceration
Posterior region below the margin of the lower rib cage. Another name for the right and left upper quadrants.
Flank
When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen it is known as;
Guarding
severe bleeding may occur with injury to
Severe bleeding may occur with injury to solid organs
Hollow organs
Stomach, small intestine, uterus
A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear- ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:
bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.
The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:
clavicle.
You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:
closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.
Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:
control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.
When treating a patient with an evisceration, you should;
cover the protruding contents with moist, sterile gauze compresses
Common signs and symptoms of a sprain include all of the following, EXCEPT:
deformity.
A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:
distal humerus.
Assessing a person's neurovascular status following a musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
evaluating proximal pulses.
Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:
femur.
In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?
if resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain
A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should
immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.
A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:
immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.
You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:
insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.
In any case of trauma to a female patient, you should always determine if the patient:
is pregnant
In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are ...
larger in proportion to the abdomen
When splinting a possible fracture of the foot, it is MOST important for the EMT to:
leave the toes exposed.
The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or dislocations of the knee is:
ligament and cartilage damage.
Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:
ligaments.
The largest organ in the abdomen is the:
liver
Which of the following organs would most likely bleed profusely when injured?
liver
A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the
lumbar spine.
How high can the diaphragm rise at the end of exhalation for a person lying supine?
may rise as high as the nipple line.
The first signs of peritonitis include all of the following EXCEPT:
nausea
Between aortic dissection, pulmonary contusion, aortic rupture, and myocardial contusion which would cause immediate death?
Aortic rupture
Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?
Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.
Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following?
Improperly placed lab belt
Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?
Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.
Which of the following statements regarding striated muscle is correct?
It forms the major muscle mass of the body and usually crosses at least one joint.
Solid organs
Liver, pancreas, spleen
How should a patient with a pneumothorax be ventilated?
O2 and monitor SpO2, breath sounds
When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?
Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury
injury where there is a break in the skin or mucous membrane
Open abdominal injury
When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen;
Peritonitis may not develop for several hours
During what phase of patient assessment should life threatening chest injuries be found and managed?
Primary Assesment
All of the following systems contain organs that make up the contents of the abdominal cavity EXCEPT:
The limbic system
Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?
The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.
The ___ system is responsible for filtering waste.
Urinary
When should you suspect a kidney injury?
a hematoma in the flank region
You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with ...
a hematoma in the flank region
A subluxation occurs when
a joint is incompletely dislocated.
During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes. You should:
apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.
A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The most appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.
A 76-year-old male experienced sudden pain to his left thigh when he was standing in line at the grocery store. Your assessment reveals ecchymosis and deformity to the distal aspect of his left femur, just above the knee. Distal circulation and sensory and motor functions are intact. The MOST appropriate method of splinting this injury involves:
applying padded board splints to both sides of the leg.
Injuries to the external male genitalia ...
are rarely life-threatening
In moving joints, the ends of the bones are covered with:
articular cartilage.
You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should
assess distal pulse, motor, and sensory functions.
Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should ...
be objective and factual
Which of the following structures is regulated by smooth muscle?
blood vessels
The musculoskeletal system refers to the:
bones and voluntary muscles of the body.
A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n
break in the continuity of the bone.
Suspect a possible injury of the urinary bladder in all of the following findings EXCEPT:
bruising to the left upper quadrant
When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:
carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.
When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should
compare it to the uninjured leg.
When assessing a patient with a possible fracture of the leg, the EMT should:
compare it to the uninjured leg.
A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot. You should:
control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.
Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is most indicative of a ruptured:
diaphragm.
The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a:
dislocation.
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?
displaced fracture
During your rapid secondary assessment of a 19-year-old female with multiple trauma, you note bilateral humeral deformities and a deformity to the left midshaft femur. Her skin is diaphoretic and her pulse is rapid and weak. Your partner has appropriately managed her airway and is maintaining manual stabilization of her head. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:
immobilizing her to a backboard and rapidly transporting.
Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to ...
infection
Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:
may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.
Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life?
pelvic fracture with hypotension
blood may irritate the ... and cause the patient to report abdominal pain
peritoneal cavity
The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:
point tenderness.
Crepitus and false motion are
positive indicators of a fracture.
A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:
posterior hip dislocation.
The primary purpose for splinting a musculoskeletal injury is to:
prevent further injury.
Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine: .
prompt transport to the hospital is essential
A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the
proximal femur.
A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:
proximal femur.
The PASG is absolutely contraindicated in patients who have:
pulmonary edema.
Applying ice to and elevating an injured extremity are performed in order to:
reduce pain and swelling.
The pectoral girdle consists of the.
scapulae and clavicles.
The pectoral girdle consists of the:
scapulae and clavicles.
The first signs of peritonitis include ...
severe abdominal pain tenderness muscular spasm
Which of the following types of muscle is under direct voluntary control of the brain?
skeletal
Which of the following joints allows no motion?
skull sutures
What type of muscle contracts and relaxes to control the movement of the contents within its structures?
smooth
Severe bleeding may occur with injury to ... organs
solid
A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments
sprain
A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.
sprain
A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious. You should:
stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.
During your rapid secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25′, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient's blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:
stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.
Skeletal muscle is also referred to as __________ muscle.
striated
Deformity caused by a fracture would MOST likely be masked by:
swelling.
Patients with chest injuries will often present with what pattern of respirations?
tachypnea
An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:
the overlying skin is no longer intact.
If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:
the patient history.
If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting
the patient history.
In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:
the patient is clinically unstable.
The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:
traction.
