EMT-B Quiz: Chapter 16: Cardiovascular Emergencies

Angina pectoris occurs when: A. myocardial oxygen demands exceed supply. B. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque. C. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm. D. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand.

A. Myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply. Chapter 16 Pathophysiology Page 637

Deoxytenated blood from the body returns to the: A. right atrium. B. left ventricle. C. right ventricle. D. left atrium.

A. Right Atrium Chapter 16 Anatomy and Physiology Pages 629-630

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when: A. the inner layers of the aorta become separated. B. the aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding. C. all layers of the aorta suddenly contract. D. a weakened are develops in the aortic wall.

A. The inner layers of the aorta become separated. Chapter 16 Pathophysiology Page 642

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should: A. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible. B. immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm. C. perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup. D. have your partner perform CPR while you question the bystanders.

A. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible. Chapter 16 Emergency Medical Care for Cardiac Arrest Page 660

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed: A. on the thighs or ankles. B. anywhere on the arms. C. on either side of the chest. D. on the lower abdomen.

A. on the thighs or ankles. Chapter 16 Cardiac Monitoring Page 651

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: A. he or she is not breathing and has a weakly palpable pulse. B. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available. C. his or her condition is rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest. D. special pads are used and the child has profound tachycardia.

ANSWER Chapter 16 Cardiac Arrest Page 655

A 49-yera-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should: A. administers up to three doses of nitroglycerin. B. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspiring. C. obtain vital sings and a SAMPLE history. D. assess the adequacy of his respirations.

B. Administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin. Chapter 16 Patient Assessment Page 643

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure? A. Pulmonary edema B. Dependent edema C. Flat jugular veins D. Labored breathing

B. Dependent Edema. Chapter 16 Pathophysiology Page 642

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the ETM should: A. assess for a pulse for 20 seconds. B. dry the chest if it is wet. C. contact medical control. D. perform CPR for 30 seconds.

B. Dry the chest if it is wet. Chapter 16 Emergency Medical Care for Cardiac Arrest Page 659

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include: A. lack of exercise. B. excess stress. C. family history. D. hyperglycemia.

C. Family History Chapter 16 Pathophysiology Page 637

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should. A. transport the patient at once. B. assess for a carotid pulse. C. immediately resume CPR. D. re-analyze the cardiac rhythm.

C. Immediately resume CPR. Chapter 16 Emergency Medical Care for Cardiac Arrest Page 660

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should: A. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest. B. remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place. C. remove the battery from the monitor then remove the vest. D. perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate.

C. Remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. Chapter 15 Heart Surgeries and Cardiac Assistive Devices Page 654

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on impedance, which is the: A. direction that the electrical flow takes in the body. B. distance between the two AED pads on the chest. C. actual amount of energy that the AED will deliver D. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

D. Resistance of the body to the flow of electricity. Chapter 16 Cardiac Arrest Page 655

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the: A. bundle of His. B. Atrioventricular node. C. coronary sinus. D. sinoatrial node.

D. Sinoatrial node. Chapter 16 Anatomy and Physiology Page 631

A patient with atherosclerotic heart diseases experiences chest pain during exertion because: A. the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing. B. tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen. C. the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in the myocardial blood flow. D. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

D. The lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. Chapter 16 Pathophysiology Page 636

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients: A. with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg. B. who have taken up to two doses. C. with a history of ischemic stroke. D. who have experienced a head injury.

D. Who have experienced a head injury. Chapter 16 Emergency Medical Care for Chest Pain or Discomfort. Page 648

A patient tell you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? A. Acute myocardial infarction. B. Uncontrolled hypertension. C. Obstructive lung disease. D. Thoracic aortic aneurysm.

A. Acute myocardial infarction. Chapter 16 Heart Surgeries and Cardiac Assistive Devices Page 654

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker? A. Heart rate less than 60 beats/min. B. Syncope or dizziness. C. Generalized Weakness. D. A rapid heart rate.

D. A rapid heart rate. Chapter 16 Heart Surgeries and Cardiac Assistive Devices Page 653

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with susbsternal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: A. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure. B. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice. C. giver her high-flow oxygen, attached the AED, and transport at once. D. administer oxygen, giver her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

D. Administer oxygen, giver her 324 mg of aspiring, and assess her further. Chapter 16 Emergency Medical Care for Chest Pain or Discomfort Page 647

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST like be delayed in patients who: A. have had a stroke in the past. B. are older than 40 years of age. C. regularly take illegal drugs. D. have chronic hypertension.

D. Have chronic hypertension Chapter 16 Pathophysiology Page 642