EMT cardiology exam
Which of the following patients would MOST likely present with vague or unusual symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction? - 55 yo obese female - 66 yo male with angina - 72 yo female with diabetes - 75 yo male with hypertension
- 72 yo female with diabetes
Which of the following patients would be the LEAST likely to present with classic signs and symptoms of acute myocardial infarction? - 72 yo female with diabetes and hypertension - 64 yo male with renal disease and depression - 59 yo male with alcoholism and angina pectoris - 55 yo female with COPD and frequent infections
- 72 yo female with diabetes and hypertension
Which of the following statements regarding the automated external defibrillator (AED) is correct? - AED should be applied to patients at risk for cardiac arrest - AEDs will analyze the patient's rhythm while CPR is in progress - AED should not be used in patients with an implanted defibrillator - AEDs can safely be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age
- AEDs can safely be used in infants and children less than 8 years of age
Which of the following patients is the BEST candidate for the administration of nitroglycerin? - woman who has taken three doses of prescribed nitroglycerin without relief of chest pain - a woman with chest pain, prescribed nitroglycerin, and a BP of 104/76 - a man with chest pain, expired nitroglycerin spray, and a BP of 110/80 - an elderly man with crushing substernal chest pain and a BP of 80/60
- a woman with chest pain, prescribed nitroglycerin, and a BP of 104/76
A 65-year-old man has generalized weakness and chest pressure. He has a bottle of prescribed nitroglycerin, but states that he has not taken any of his medication. The EMT should: - apply the AED and prepare patient for immediate transport - administer up to 325 mg os aspirin if the patient is not allergic to it - assist the patient with his nitroglycerin with medical control approval - perform a secondary assessment and obtain baseline vitals
- administer up to 325 mg os aspirin if the patient is not allergic to it
In addition to chest pain or discomfort, a patient experiencing an acute coronary syndrome would MOST likely present with: - ashen skin color, diaphoresis, and anxiety - severe projectile vomiting and flushed skin - irregular breathing and low blood pressure - profound cyanosis, dry skin and headache
- ashen skin color, diaphoresis, and anxiety
You are treating a 60-year-old man in cardiac arrest. After delivering a shock with the AED and performing CPR for 2 minutes, you achieve return of spontaneous circulation. Your next action should be to: -provide rapid transport - reanalyze his rhythm for confirmation - assess his airway and ventilatory status - remove the AED and apply 100% oxygen
- assess his airway and ventilatory status
When an error occurs while using the AED, it is MOST often the result of - battery failure secondary to operator error - malfunction of the microchip inside the AED - misinterpretation of the patient's cardiac rhythm - excess patient movement during the analyze phase
- battery failure secondary to operator error
Sudden cardiac arrest in the adult population MOST often is the result of: - myocardial infarction - respiratory failure - cardiac disrhythmia - accidental electrocution
- cardiac disrhythmia
a 58 year old man is found unresponsive by his wife. according to his wife, he was complaining of a dull ache in his chest the day before, but refused to allow her to call 911. his blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 120 bpm and weak, and his respirations are 28 breaths/min and labored. further assessment reveals that his skin is cool, pale, and clammy. you suspect: - cardiogenic shock - hypovolemic shock - acute septic shock - pulmonary embolism
- cardiogenic shock
A 60-year-old man complains of chest pain and difficulty breathing. He is pale, diaphoretic, and in severe pain. As your partner applies supplemental oxygen, you assess his vital signs. His blood pressure is 180/90 mm Hg, pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular, respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored, and oxygen saturation is 93%. You ask him if has taken any nitroglycerin and he tells you that he does not have any but his wife does. You should - contact medical control and request permission to assist the patient with up to three doses of his wife's nitroglycerin - complete your focused physical examination and prepare the patient for immediate transport to an appropriate hospital - transport at once, apply the AED in case he develops cardiac arrest, and monitor his vital signs en route to hospital - have him swallow up to four enteric coated aspirin, continue oxygen therapy and promptly transport him to the hospital
- complete your focused physical examination and prepare the patient for immediate transport to an appropriate hospital
Which of the following describes the MOST appropriate method of performing chest compressions on an adult patient in cardiac arrest? - compress the chest at least 2 inches, allow full recoil of the chest after each compression, minimize interruptions in chest compressions - allow full recoil of the chest after each compression, compress the chest to a depth of 2 inches, deliver compressions at a rate of at least 80/min - do not interrupt chest compressions for any reason, compress the chest no more than 1.5 inches, allow partial recoil of the chest after each compression - minimize interruptions in chest compressions, provide 70% compression time and 30% relaxation time, deliver compression at rate of 100/min
- compress the chest at least 2 inches, allow full recoil of the chest after each compression, minimize interruptions in chest compressions
Which of the following questions would be the MOST effective in determining if a patient's chest pain radiates away from his or her chest? - do you also have pain in your arm, jaw, or back? - is there anything that makes the pain better or worse? - does the pain stay in your chest or move anywhere else? - is there any other part of your body where you have pain?
- does the pain stay in your chest or move anywhere else?
Which of the following types of stroke would MOST likely present with a sudden, severe headache? - ischemic - hemmorhagic - thrombotic - embolic
- hemmorhagic
The MOST important initial treatment for a patient whose cardiac arrest was witnessed is: - defibrillation - cardiac drug therapy - rapid transport - high quality CPR
- high quality CPR
Which of the following is the MOST detrimental effect that tachycardia can have on a patient experiencing a cardiac problem? - increased blood pressure - increased oxygen demand - increased stress and anxiety - decreased cardiac functioning
- increased oxygen demand
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient with chest pressure has an underlying cardiac problem if his or her pulse is: - slow - rapid - bounding - irregular
- irregular
The energy setting for a biphasic AED: - is typically 360 joules - is manufacturer specific - must be set by the EMT - increases by 50 joules with each shock
- is manufacturer specific
Which of the following is an abnormal finding when using the Cincinnati Stroke Scale to assess a patient who presents with signs of a stroke? - one arm drifts down compared with the other side - one of the pupils is dilated and does not react to light - the patient's face is symmetrical when he or she smiles - both arms drift slowly and equally down to the patient's side
- one arm drifts down compared with the other side
Which of the following assessment findings is LEAST suggestive of a cardiac problem? - rapid, irregular heart rate - anxiety and pale, cool skin - palpable pain to the chest - nausea and epigastric pain
- palpable pain to the chest
when treating a patient with chest pain, pressure, or discomfort, you should first - administer supplemental oxygen - place the patient in a position of comfort - request an ALS ambulance response to the scene - assess the blood pressure and give nitroglycerin
- place the patient in a position of comfort
Your assessment of a middle-aged female with chest pressure reveals that she is confused, is diaphoretic, and has a blood pressure of 70/50 mm Hg. In caring for this patient, it is MOST important for you to: - request an ALS unit to respond to scene - assist her with her nitroglycerin if she has any - reassess her vital signs at least every 5 mins - prepare for immediate transport to the hospital
- prepare for immediate transport to the hospital
You arrive at the scene of a 56-year-old man who collapsed. The patient's wife tells you that he suddenly grabbed his chest and then passed out. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. As your partner begins one-rescuer CPR, you should: - notify medical control - insert an airway adjunct - prepare the AED for use - obtain a SAMPLE history
- prepare the AED for use
Aspirin is beneficial to patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome because it: - prevents a clot from getting larger - effectively relives their chest pain - decreases cardiac workload by lowering the BP - destroys the clot that is blocking a coronary artery
- prevents a clot from getting larger
all of the following are components of the cincinnati stroke scale, except: - pupil size - facil droop - speech pattern - arm movement
- pupil size
After administering nitroglycerin to a patient with chest discomfort, it is MOST important for you to: - ask the patient if the discomfort has improved - find out how long the discomfort has been present - position the patient supine and transport immediately - reassess the patient's blood pressure within 5 minutes
- reassess the patient's blood pressure within 5 minutes
You are assessing a 70-year-old male who complains of pain in both of his legs. He is conscious and alert, has a blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 110 beats/min, and respirations of 14 breaths/min and unlabored. Further assessment reveals edema to both of his feet and legs and jugular venous distention. This patient's primary problem is MOST likely: - left heart failure - right heart failure - pulmonary edema - chronic hypertension
- right heart failure
The position of comfort for a patient with nontraumatic chest pain MOST commonly is: - semisitting - lateral recumbent - on the side with the head elevated - supine with the legs elevated slightly
- semisitting
Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker, which sets the normal rate for the heart? - bundle of his - purkinje fibers - sinoatrial node - atrioventricular node
- sinoatrial node
You arrive at the scene shortly after a 55-year-old man collapsed. Two bystanders are performing CPR. Your FIRST action should be to: - attach the AED and analyze his cardiac rhythm - check the effectiveness of the CPR in progress - insert an oropharyngeal airway and continue CPR - stop CPR so you can assess breathing and pulse
- stop CPR so you can assess breathing and pulse
order of blood passing through the heart
- superior and inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonic valve - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta - body
After restoring a pulse in a cardiac arrest patient, you begin immediate transport. While en route to the hospital, the patient goes back into cardiac arrest. You should: - tell your partner to stop the ambulance - begin CPR and proceed to the hospital - contact medical control for further advice - analyze the patient's rhythm with the AED
- tell your partner to stop the ambulance
Which of the following statements regarding one-rescuer CPR is correct? - you should assess the patient for a pulse after 3 cycles of CPR - a compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered - ventilations should be delivered over a period of 2-3 seconds - the chest should be allowed to fully recoil after each compression
- the chest should be allowed to fully recoil after each compression
When assessing a patient who has stroke-like symptoms, you should recall that: - the majority of strokes are caused by a ruptured cerebral artery - the patient may be unable to communicate, but can often understand - right sided weakness indicates a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere - fibrinolytic therapy must be given within 6 hours following the stroke
- the patient may be unable to communicate, but can often understand
A 45-year-old woman calls EMS because of severe chest pain. When you arrive, she advises you that she has taken two of her husband's nitroglycerin tablets without relief. Her BP is 110/60 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min, her respirations are 16 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 95%. You should: - attach the AED ,administer 100% O2, and contact medical control for advice - transport the patient without delay and monitor her blood pressure en route - call medical control and request permission to assist the patient with one more NTG tablet - apply oxygen, assess the patient's blood pressure, and give a third and final NTG tablet
- transport the patient without delay and monitor her blood pressure en route
Prior to being reoxygenated in the lungs, blood passes through the: - mitral and tricuspid valves - aortic and tricuspid valves - aortic and pulmonic valves - tricuspid and pulmonic valves
- tricuspid and pulmonic valves
A patient whose artificial pacemaker has failed would MOST likely experience: - weakness and bradycardia - hypertension and headache - irreversible ventricular fibrillation - dizziness and excessive tachycardia
- weakness and bradycardia
Which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask when assessing a patient with chest pain? - what does the pain feel like? - does the pain radiate to your arm? - would you describe the pain as sharp? - is the pain worse when you take a deep breath?
- what does the pain feel like?
A 66-year-old female presents with an acute onset of confusion, slurred speech, and an inability to move her right arm and leg. Her airway is patent and she is breathing adequately. Which of the following is the MOST important initial information to obtain about this patient? - her initial blood pressure reading - what she was doing when this bega - when she was last seen normal - whether or not her pupils are equal
- when she was last seen normal
% of blood in arteries
13%
blood volume
4-6 L
% of blood in capillaries
7%
A 60-year-old woman presents with chest discomfort, confusion, and weakness. The patient's husband tells you that she vomited twice before EMS arrival. The patient's BP is 70/40 mm Hg, her pulse is 45 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 14 breaths/min and unlabored. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of her hypotension? A) Bradycardia B) Hypovolemia C) Myocardial ischemia D) Respiratory compromise
A) Bradycardia
Which of the following statements regarding sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular fibrillation is correct? A) For each minute that defibrillation is delayed, the chance of survival decreases by as much as 10%. B) High-quality CPR often reverses ventricular fibrillation if it is initiated within 2 minutes of the onset. C) Most patients develop ventricular fibrillation within 10 minutes after the onset of sudden cardiac arrest. D) Patients with ventricular fibrillation are typically unconscious, are apneic, and have a weak and irregular pulse.
A) For each minute that defibrillation is delayed, the chance of survival decreases by as much as 10%.
Which of the following is the BEST indicator of cardiac output? A) Pulse rate and quality B) Systolic blood pressure C) Quality of the respirations D) Condition and color of the skin
A) Pulse rate and quality
By which of the following mechanisms does nitroglycerin relieve cardiac-related chest pain or discomfort? A) Vasodilation and increased myocardial oxygen supply B) Vasodilation and decreased myocardial oxygen supply C) Vasoconstriction and increased myocardial workload D) Vasoconstriction and increased cardiac oxygen demand
A) Vasodilation and increased myocardial oxygen supply
The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries that branch directly from the: A) aorta. B) vena cavae. C) left atrium. D) right ventricle.
A) aorta.
After delivering one shock with the AED and performing 2 minutes of CPR on a woman in cardiac arrest, you reanalyze her cardiac rhythm and receive a no shock advised message. This means that: A) she is not in a shockable rhythm. B) she has electrical activity but no pulse. C) her rhythm has deteriorated to asystole. D) the first shock restored a rhythm and pulse.
A) she is not in a shockable rhythm.
After assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, you would NOT expect him or her to experience a: A) syncopal episode. B) pounding headache. C) burning sensation in the mouth. D) fizzing sensation under the tongue.
A) syncopal episode.
In which of the following patients is nitroglycerin contraindicated? A) 41-year-old male with crushing substernal chest pressure, a blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg, and severe nausea B) 53-year-old male with chest discomfort, diaphoresis, a blood pressure of 146/66 mm Hg, and regular use of Levitra C) 58-year-old male with chest pain radiating to the left arm, a blood pressure of 130/64 mm Hg, and prescribed Tegretol D) 66-year-old female with chest pressure of 6 hours' duration, lightheadedness, and a blood pressure of 110/58 mm Hg
B) 53-year-old male with chest discomfort, diaphoresis, a blood pressure of 146/66 mm Hg, and regular use of Levitra
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate response when a patient with chest pain asks you if he or she is having a heart attack? A) Yes, so I recommend going to the hospital. B) I don't know, but we will take good care of you. C) Probably not, but we should transport you to be safe. D) I believe you are, but only a physician can tell for sure
B) I don't know, but we will take good care of you.
Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) is correct? A) Loss of consciousness occurs within minutes after the onset of V-Fib. B) In V-Fib, the heart is not pumping any blood and the patient is pulseless. C) Patients in V-Fib should be defibrillated after every 60 seconds of CPR. D) Any patient in V-Fib must receive CPR for 2 minutes prior to defibrillation.
B) In V-Fib, the heart is not pumping any blood and the patient is pulseless.
Which of the following would be the MOST effective way of minimizing the detrimental effects associated with acute coronary syndrome? A) Administer nitroglycerin in 15- to 20-minute intervals B) Reassure the patient and provide prompt transport C) Transport the patient rapidly, using lights and siren D) Request ALS support for any patient who has chest pain
B) Reassure the patient and provide prompt transport
A 60-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. You begin CPR while your partner applies the AED. What should you do if you receive a no shock message? A) Assess for a carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds. B) Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions. C) Ensure that the AED electrodes are properly applied. D) Reanalyze his cardiac rhythm after 30 seconds of CPR.
B) Resume CPR, starting with chest compressions.
A 50-year-old man with a history of hypertension began experiencing chest pressure while mowing his lawn. After taking a baby aspirin and resting for approximately 10 minutes, the pressure in his chest completely resolved. Which of the following would BEST explain this? A) The patient's blood pressure increased after he ceased exertion, causing his chest pressure to resolve B) The cessation of exertion decreased the workload of the heart and blood flow around a coronary clot improved C) The aspirin dissolved a small clot in a coronary artery and reestablished blood flow to that part of the heart D) Blood flow to a part of the myocardium was restored because of constriction of a diseased coronary artery
B) The cessation of exertion decreased the workload of the heart and blood flow around a coronary clot improved
You assess an unresponsive 65-year-old man and find that he is apneic and pulseless. The patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardioverter/defibrillator. After initiating CPR, you should: A) deactivate the implanted defibrillator by running a magnet over it. B) apply the AED as soon as possible and analyze his cardiac rhythm. C) ask the wife why and when he had the automatic defibrillator implanted. D) avoid using the AED because the implanted defibrillator is more effective.
B) apply the AED as soon as possible and analyze his cardiac rhythm.
After defibrillating a man in cardiac arrest, you resume CPR. As you are about to reanalyze his cardiac rhythm 2 minutes later, your partner tells you she can definitely feel a strong carotid pulse. You should: A) continue with the rhythm analysis. B) assess the patient's breathing effort. C) ask her to obtain a blood pressure reading. D) remove the AED pads from the patient's chest.
B) assess the patient's breathing effort.
A patient reports pain in the upper midabdominal area. This region of the abdomen is called the: A) peritoneum. B) epigastrium. C) mediastinum. D) retroperitoneum.
B) epigastrium.
A patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction: A) most often describes his or her chest pain as being sharp or tearing. B) has chest pain or discomfort that does not change with each breath. C) often experiences relief of his or her chest pain after taking nitroglycerin. D) often complains of a different type of pain than a patient with angina.
B) has chest pain or discomfort that does not change with each breath.
A 69-year-old man is unresponsive. He has a weak carotid pulse at 40 beats/min and his skin is cool and pale. From this information, the EMT should conclude that: A) he is in ventricular fibrillation. B) his cardiac output is reduced. C) he has a blocked coronary artery. D) his systolic BP is at least 90 mm Hg.
B) his cardiac output is reduced.
The pain associated with acute aortic dissection: A) typically comes on gradually and progressively worsens. B) is typically described as a stabbing or tearing sensation. C) is usually preceded by nausea, sweating, and weakness. D) originates in the epigastrium and radiates down both legs.
B) is typically described as a stabbing or tearing sensation.
A 50-year-old man's implanted defibrillator has fired twice within the last hour. He is conscious and alert and complains of a "sore chest." Further assessment reveals that his chest pain is reproducible to palpation and is localized to the area of his implanted defibrillator. Treatment for him should include: A) application of the AED and transport to the hospital. B) prompt transport with continuous monitoring en route. C) deactivating his defibrillator by running a magnet over it. D) up to three doses of nitroglycerin and prompt transport.
B) prompt transport with continuous monitoring en route.
The AED analyzes your pulseless and apneic patient's cardiac rhythm and advises that a shock is NOT indicated. You should: A) assess for a pulse for no more than 10 seconds. B) resume CPR, starting with chest compressions. C) open the patient's airway and check for breathing. D) reanalyze the cardiac rhythm for positive confirmation
B) resume CPR, starting with chest compressions.
In most people, the inferior aspect of the left ventricle receives its blood supply from the: A) circumflex artery. B) right coronary artery. C) left main coronary artery. D) left anterior descending artery.
B) right coronary artery.
Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include: A) unequal pupils, irregular pulse, and pallor. B) ringing in the ears, headache, and epistaxis. C) chest discomfort, weak pulses, and cool skin. D) vomiting without nausea and hemiparesis.
B) ringing in the ears, headache, and epistaxis.
A middle-aged woman took three of her prescribed nitroglycerin tablets after she began experiencing chest pain. She complains of a bad headache and is still experiencing chest pain. You should assume that: A) her blood pressure is elevated. B) she has ongoing cardiac ischemia. C) her nitroglycerin is no longer potent. D) her chest pain is not cardiac related.
B) she has ongoing cardiac ischemia.
Switching compressors during two-rescuer CPR: A) should take no more than 15 seconds to accomplish. B) should occur every 2 minutes throughout the arrest. C) is necessary only if the compressor becomes fatigued. D) is performed after every 10 to 20 cycles of adult CPR.
B) should occur every 2 minutes throughout the arrest.
Following administration of nitroglycerin to a man with crushing chest pressure, he experiences a significant increase in his heart rate. This is MOST likely the result of: A) a cardiac dysrhythmia. B) preexisting hypertension. C) a drop in blood pressure. D) coronary vasoconstriction.
C) a drop in blood pressure
A 50-year-old man presents with crushing chest pain that suddently began about 30 minutes ago. He is diaphoretic and anxious. The EMT should: A) obtain baseline vital signs. B) apply supplemental oxygen. C) administer chewable aspirin. D) perform a complete physical exam.
C) administer chewable aspirin.
You have analyzed a cardiac arrest patient's rhythm three times with the AED, separated by 2-minute cycles of CPR, and have received no shock messages each time. You should: A) consider terminating resuscitation. B) remove the AED and continue CPR. C) continue CPR and transport at once. D) request a paramedic unit at the scene.
C) continue CPR and transport at once.
After applying the AED to an adult patient in cardiac arrest, you analyze her cardiac rhythm and receive a shock advised message. Emergency medical responders, who arrived at the scene before you, tell you that bystander CPR was not in progress upon their arrival. You should: A) perform CPR for 2 minutes and then defibrillate. B) detach the AED and prepare for immediate transport. C) deliver the shock as indicated followed immediately by CPR. D) notify medical control and request permission to cease resuscitation.
C) deliver the shock as indicated followed immediately by CPR.
When performing two-rescuer CPR on an adult patient whose airway has not been secured with an advanced device, you should: A) deliver ventilations at a rate of 10 breaths/min. B) avoid synchronizing compressions with ventilations C) have your partner pause after 30 compressions as you give 2 breaths. D) continue ventilations as the AED analyzes the patient's cardiac rhythm.
C) have your partner pause after 30 compressions as you give 2 breaths.
The middle, muscular layer of the heart is called the: A) epicardium. B) pericardium. C) myocardium. D) endocardium.
C) myocardium.
The chest pain associated with an acute coronary syndrome is often described as: A) sharp. B) stabbing. C) pressure. D) cramping.
C) pressure.
Freshly oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the: A) aorta. B) vena cavae. C) pulmonary vein. D) pulmonary artery.
C) pulmonary vein.
When the vital organs of an 85-year-old patient need additional blood flow, the heart may not be able to meet the increased need because: A) stroke volume increases as a person ages. B) blood pressure decreases as a person ages. C) the reserve capacity of the heart is reduced as a person ages. D) the blood vessels become more elastic as a person ages.
C) the reserve capacity of the heart is reduced as a person ages.
Which of the following describes pulseless electrical activity (PEA)? A) disorganized, chaotic quivering of the heart muscle that does not generate a pulse B) The presence of a palpable pulse in the absence of any electrical activity in the heart C) A rapid cardiac rhythm that does not produce a pulse, but responds to defibrillation D) Any organized cardiac rhythm, slow or fast, that does not produce a palpable pulse
D) Any organized cardiac rhythm, slow or fast, that does not produce a palpable pulse
In which of the following situations would nitroglycerin MOST likely be administered? A) Recent use of Cialis B) Systolic BP of 90 mm Hg C) The presence of a head injury D) History of cardiac bypass surgery
D) History of cardiac bypass surgery
While assessing a patient with chest pain, you note that his pulse is irregular. This indicates: A) acute myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. B) a dysfunction in the left side of the patient's heart C) high blood pressure that is increasing cardiac workload. D) abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system.
D) abnormalities in the heart's electrical conduction system.
Tachycardia can be detrimental to a patient who is experiencing a cardiac problem because it causes: A) increased cardiac filling in between beats. B) a profound decrease in oxygen consumption. C) an associated increase in breathing difficulty. D) increased cardiac oxygen usage and demand.
D) increased cardiac oxygen usage and demand.
Treatment for a patient with congestive heart failure and shortness of breath may include: A) prophylactic suctioning of the airway. B) hyperventilation with a bag-valve-mask. C) supine positioning and elevation of the legs. D) up to three doses of sublingual nitroglycerin.
D) up to three doses of sublingual nitroglycerin.
how can you help maximize cardiac output during CPR? - compress the chest at a rate of no more than 100/min - ventilate the patient through an advanced airway device -deliver rescue breaths until the chest expands widely - allow the chest to fully recoil in between compressions
allow the chest to fully recoil in between compressions
A middle-aged female with a history of hypertension and high cholesterol complains of chest discomfort. She asks you to take her to the hospital where her personal physician practices, which is 15 miles away. Her blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg, pulse is 84 beats/min and regular, and respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. Which of the following actions is clearly NOT appropriate for this patient? - giving oxygen via nasal cannula - taking her to her choice hospital - contacting her physician via phone - allowing her to walk to the ambulance
allowing her to walk to the ambulance
use of the AED is contraindicated in patients who are - between 1-8 years of age - experienced a witnessed cardiac arrest - apneic and have a weak carotid pulse - have a nitroglycerin patch applied to the skin
apneic and have a weak carotid pulse
a 56 year old man is found to be pulseless and apneic. his wife states that he collapsed about 5 minutes ago. as your partner gets the AED from the ambulance, you should - provide rescue breaths until the AED is ready - open the airway and give 2 rescue breaths - begin CPR, starting with chest compressions - ask the wife is the patient has a living will
begin CPR, starting with chest compressions
which of the following is a common side effect of nitroglycerin - nausea -anxiety -headache -hypertension
headache
which of the following would clearly be detrimental to a patient in cardiac arrest? - ventilating until the chest rises - performing CPR before defibrillation - interrupting CPR for more than 10 seconds - ventilating without supplemental oxygen
interrupting CPR for more than 10 seconds
pulmonary edema is caused by ____ sided heart failure
left
bradycardia
less than 60 BPM
Shortly after assisting a 60-year-old woman with her second nitroglycerin treatment, she tells you that she is lightheaded and feels as if she is going to faint. Her symptoms are MOST likely due to:
low blood pressure
tachycardia
more than 100 bpm
Chest compression effectiveness is MOST effectively assessed by: - listening for a heartbeat with each compression - carefully measuring the depth of each compression - palpating for a carotid pulse with each compression - measuring the systolic blood pressure during compressions
palpating for a carotid pulse with each compression
right coronary artery
provides blood to entire right side of the heart + anterior aspect of left ventricle
dependent edema is caused by ___ sided heart failure
right
when assessing a patient who complains of chest pain, which of the following questions would you ask to assess the "R" in OPQRST? - did the pain begin suddenly or gradually - whaat were you doing when the pain began - is there anything that makes the pain worse - is the pain in one place or does it move around
s the pain in one place or does it move around
Aspirin may be contraindicated in patients with:
stomach ulcers
circumflex artery
supplies blood to lateral and posterior aspects of left ventricle
left anterior descending artery
supplies blood to ventricular septum and anterior aspect of the left ventricle
Ischemic heart disease is a condition in which - a portion of the heart muscle dies because of a prolonged lack of oxygen - there is a decrease in blood flow to one or more portions of the heart muscle - the coronary arteries dilate, thus preventing effective blood flow to the heart - an acute event leads to a significant decrease in the pumping force of the heartAfter delivering one shock with the AED and performing 2 minutes of CPR on a woman in cardiac arrest, you reanalyze her cardiac rhythm and receive a no shock advised message. This means that: A) she is not in a shockable rhythm. B) she has electrical activity but no pulse. C) her rhythm has deteriorated to asystole. D) the first shock restored a rhythm and pulse.
there is a decrease in blood flow to one or more portions of the heart muscle
during your assessment of a 70 year old man with crushing chest pain, you note that his BP is 80/50 mm Hg. your MOST important action should be to - give high flow oxygen - transport without delay - keep the patient warm - assess his oxygen saturation
transport without delay
