emt chap 17

the right side of the body.

The left cerebral hemisphere controls:

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness.

The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia:

cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem.

The three major parts of the brain are the:

hypertension.

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

emotion

The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:

dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.

A 29-year-old male complains of a severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seem to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min. Treatment should include:

He is currently not prescribed any medications

A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport?

epilepsy

A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:

ask his wife when she noticed the symptoms.

A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. His wife is present and is very upset. As your partner is applying oxygen, it is MOST important for you to:

severe twitching of all the body's muscles.

A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by:

unable to produce or understand speech.

A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:

has bleeding within the brain.

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she:

dysarthria.

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:

not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.

A patient with an altered mental status is:

arm drift, speech, and facial droop.

Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include:

ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed.

During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:

cerebral vasodilation.

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport.

Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. You should:

cerebellum

Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:

prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.

Status epilepticus is characterized by:

thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours of symptoms beginning.

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:

ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment.

When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:

a seizure.

When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for:

when the patient last appeared normal.

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:

A seizure that begins in one extremity

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?

Blockage of a cerebral artery

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?

Confusion and fatigue

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?

Sudden, severe headache

Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm?

Hypotension

Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures?

Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?

Hypovolemia

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

Neck stiffness or pain

Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Which of the following medications would indicate that a patient has a history of seizures?

A 17-year-old male with anxiety

Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?

The pain is worse when bending over

Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion?

recovery position and transport.

You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:

obtain a description of how the seizure developed.

You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes topiramate (Topamax). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:

transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:

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Your patient answers your questions appropriately, although her eyes remain closed the entire time. She moves each extremity on command, although her left side is weaker than the right. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:

8.

Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of: