EMT Chapter 12

shock i due to severe infection is called? -septic sock -neurogenic shock -anaphylactic shock -hypovolemic shock

A. Septic Shock

to protect vital organs the body compensates by directing the flow away form the organs that are more tolerant of low flow such as? -the skin -the heart -the brain -the lungs

A. The Skin

a 20 year old male has a large laceration to his wrist he is holding a blood soaked towel over the wound but in continues to bleed rapidly you should -apply pressure to the brachial artery -apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist -administer high flow supplemental oxygen -wrap the towel with pressure bandages

B. Apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist

Which of the following MOST accurately describes septic shock? -viral infection of the blood vessels, vascular damage, and vasoconstriction -bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation -bacterial infection of the nervous system with widespread vasodilation -widespread vasoconstriction and plasma loss due to a severe viral infection

B. Bacterial damage to the vessel wall, leaking blood vessels, and vasodilation

when assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock it is important to remember that a.the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock b. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock c. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock d. irreversible shock often responds well to prompt blood transfusion

B. Blood Pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

a 56 year old male is found semiconscious by his wife. Your assessment reveals that his respirations are rapid and shallow, his pulse is rapid and and irregular, and his blood pressure is low. The patient's wife states that he complained of left arm pain and nausea the day before, but would not allow her to call 9-1-1. The MOST likely cause of this patient's present condition is: -acute myocardial infarction -cadiogenic hyopperfusion - sever septic hypoperfusion - a ruptured aortic aneurysm

B. Cardiogenic hypoperfusion

Inadequate circulation of the blood throughout the body is called? -hypotesion -shock -perfusion -hypoxia

B. Shock

Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: -restlessness or anxiety -cool and clammy skin -absent peripheral pulses -rapid, shallow breathing

C. Absent peripheral pulses

pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during? -septic shock -neurogenic shock -cardiogenic shock -anaphylactic shock

C. Cardiogenic Shock

Your assessment of an unresponsive patient reveals that her breathing is inadequate. Your MOST immediate action should be to: -administter high-flow oxygen -move her to the ambulance stretcher -check her airway for obstructions -ventilate her with a bag-valve mask

C. Check her airway for obstructions

Neurogenic shock occurs when: -the spinal cord is severed and causes massive hemorrhaging -massive vasoconstriction occurs distal to a spinal cord injury -failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation -there is too much blood to fill a smaller vascular container

C. Failure of the nervous system causes widespread vasodilation

you suspect your patient is in shock you note the patients skin is pale. This is likely due to ? -an increased heart rate -peripheral vasodilation -peripheral vasoconstriction -hypothermia

C. Peripheral Vasoconstriction

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylactic shock is correct? -anaphylactic shock is caused by immune system failure due to a toxic exposure -anaphylactic shock occurs immediately after a person is sensitized to an allergen -subsequent exposure after sensitizing often produces a more severe reaction -sensitized people will experience less severe reactions upon subsequent exposure

C. Subsequent exposure after sensitizing often produces a more severe reaction

You respond to a residence for a patient with a severe leg injury following an accident with a chainsaw. When you arrive, you find the patient, a 44 year old male, lying supine in the backyard. He has a partial amputation of his lower leg that is actively bleeding. The patient is conscious and breathing adequately; however, he is restless and his skin is diaphoretic. You should: -assess the rate and quality of his pulse -immediately evaluate his airway -administer 100% supplemental oxygen -apply direct pressure to the wound

D. Apply direct pressure to the wound

when treating an 80 year old patient who is in shock it is important to remember that a. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume b. the older patients; central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock c. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause and unusually fast heart rate d. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying which increases risk for vomiting

D. Changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying which increases risk for vomiting

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called _____________. -decompensated shock -irreversible shock -late shock -compensated shock

D. Compensated shock

A 25 year old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. she has signs and symptoms of shock which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding which of the following interventions will provide the patient the greatest chance of survival -High flow oxygen administration -full mobilization of her spine -intravenous fluid administration -rapid transport to a trauma center

D. Rapid Transport to trauma center

You are transporting a 33 year old male who was involved in a major motor vehicle crash. You have addressed all immediate and potential life-threatening conditions and have stablized his condition with the appropriate treatment. With an estimated time of arrival at the hospital of 20 minutes, you should: -arrange for ALS rendezvous -take his vital signs in 15 minutes -repeat your secondary assessment -reassess his condition in 5 minutes

D. Reassess his condition in 5 minutes

A 19 year old male was stung multiple times by fire ants. He is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of anaphylactic shock. You administer high-flow oxygen and give him epinephrine via intramuscular injection. Upon reassessment, you determine that his condition has not improved. You should: -transport him immediately and provide supportive care while en route -request a paramedic unit that is stationed approximately 15 miles away -consider that he may actually be experiencing an acute asthma attack -repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control

D. Repeat the epinephrine injection after consulting with medical control

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40 year old female who fainted. Upon your arrival, the patient is conscious and alert, and states that she is fine. Her husband tells you that she fainted after receiving news that her sister was killed in a car crash. You offer oxygen to the pateint, but she refuses to accept it. At this point, your primary concern should be to: -obtain baseline vital signs and a medical history -advise her that she needs to go to the hospital -provide emptional support regarding her sister -determine if she was injured when she fainted

D. determine if she was injured when she fainted