EMT - Chapter 13 - Patient Assessment

A trauma patient currently has a blood pressure of​ 82/60 mmHg, a heart rate of 112​ beats/min, respirations of 24​ breaths/min and​ unlabored, and a pulse oximeter reading of​ 94% on 4 liters of oxygen via nasal cannula. His computed GCS score is 12 points. When computing his revised trauma​ score, which value would you​ assign? A. 7 B. 11 C. 9 D. 13

B. 11

A​ 40-year-old male patient has crashed his motorcycle. He complains of pain to his right leg. When palpating his​ leg, you are assessing​ for: A. Bruising B. Crepitation C. Sensation D. Rigidity

B. Crepitation

A conscious and alert​ 64-year-old female patient complains of chest pain and mild shortness of breath. She appears to have no difficulty speaking and states that the pain suddenly started about 2 hours ago. Her daughter on scene advises you there is a history of blood clots in the lungs of her​ family, and she is scared and would like her mother to be evaluated. Which of these steps should you take​ first? A. Consider administering oxygen to the patient B. Determine the adequacy of the​ patient's breathing C. Perform a secondary assessment on the patient D. Place the patient on the stretcher for transport

B. Determine the adequacy of the​ patient's breathing

A​ 41-year-old male patient has fallen from a​ second-story roof. He complains of right leg pain and pain to his pelvic region. When performing the secondary assessment on this​ patient, which of these should the EMT intentionally not​ perform? A. Transporting the patient supine B. Palpation of the pelvic region C. Palpation of the​ patient's abdomen D. Securing the patient to a long spine board

B. Palpation of the pelvic region

When performing the primary assessment of a conscious​ adult, you typically palpate which pulse​ first? A. Carotid B. Radial C. Brachial D. Femoral

B. Radial

When assessing a sick or injured​ patient, which of these indicates the appropriate order in which this assessment should​ occur? A. Scene​ size-up, secondary​ assessment, primary assessment B. Scene​ size-up, primary​ assessment, secondary assessment C. Scene​ size-up, history, secondary​ assessment, primary assessment D. Primary​ assessment; reassessment, secondary assessment

B. Scene​ size-up, primary​ assessment, secondary assessment

What is the purpose of assessing the pulse on an unresponsive patient during the primary​ assessment? A. To calculate the precise heart rate B. To determine the presence of a heartbeat C. To establish whether the patient requires oxygen D. To decide whether the breathing is adequate

B. To determine the presence of a heartbeat

The EMT is using the OPQRST mnemonic to gather information from a patient with abdominal pain. Which of these patient statements is a response to the​ "P" component of this memory​ aid? A. ​"The pain started about 2 hours​ ago." B. ​"It hurts worse when I take a deep​ breath." C. ​"My pulse feels as though it is​ racing." D. ​"I have a past history of​ asthma."

B. ​"It hurts worse when I take a deep​ breath."

Which capillary refill time is considered normal for a​ 5-year-old child? A. 5 seconds B. 4 seconds C. 2 seconds D. 3 seconds

C. 2 seconds

assessing breath sounds during the secondary​ assessment, the EMT shows he is employing a correct technique when he​ listens: A. First to the apex and base of the right​ lung, and then to the apex and base of the left lung B. Over the left and right lateral wall while instructing the patient to take fast and shallow breaths C. At the left second intercostal​ space, followed by the right second intercostal space D. To the base of the lung by placing the stethoscope at the third intercostal space laterally

C. At the left second intercostal​ space, followed by the right second intercostal space

When performing the secondary​ assessment, the EMT would likely find which of these injuries​ first? A. Decreased pulse in the left foot B. Unstable pelvis C. Bruising to the abdomen D. Deformity to the left thigh

C. Bruising to the abdomen

At a nursing​ home, you find an elderly patient extremely short of breath. To best determine whether this patient is​ cyanotic, you​ should: A. Look at and feel the skin on the back of the hand B. Inspect the skin on the fingers and nail beds C. Examine the lining of the lips and mouth D. Press and release the skin on the palm

C. Examine the lining of the lips and mouth

Which numeric evaluation tool is scored and added to the Trauma Scale to determine the Revised Trauma​ Score? A. AVPU B. Pulse pressure C. Glasgow Coma Scale D. Primary Assessment Score

C. Glasgow Coma Scale

Forming the general impression starts during which phase of patient​ assessment? A. Reassessment B. Care transfer in the emergency department C. Primary assessment D. Secondary assessment

C. Primary assessment

When you assess the lower back of an elderly patient who​ fell, he grimaces and tells you that it hurts when you palpate the injury site. The perception by the patient of increased pain upon palpation of an injured site is known​ as: A. Instability or crepitation B. Pain C. Tenderness D. Ecchymosis

C. Tenderness

Which capillary refill time is considered the upper limit of normal for an adult​ female? A. 4 seconds B. 2 seconds C. 6 seconds D. 3 seconds

D. 3 seconds

A responsive patient complains of a migraine​ headache; she has a known medical history of this condition. Which assessment parameter would be most appropriate to address while conducting her secondary​ exam? A. Look for jugular venous distention B. Assess for pedal edema C. Auscultate breath sounds D. Assess her visual acuity

D. Assess her visual acuity

Assessment of a​ patient's neck reveals that the trachea is deviated to the left. Based on this assessment​ finding, the EMT should suspect an injury located to the​ patient's: A. Cervical spine B. Abdomen C. Head D. Chest

D. Chest

You have been dispatched to a residence for an​ 89-year-old female patient with a nonspecific complaint. When assessing this​ patient, what should you do first to develop an initial impression regarding​ emergency? A. Gather a medical history including allergy information B. Obtain the​ patient's vital signs and current medications C. Contact medical direction for advice D. Determine whether the complaint is medical or trauma related

D. Determine whether the complaint is medical or trauma related

While completing the secondary assessment of an unresponsive patient with a history of diabetes and​ hypotension, how often should you repeat the​ patient's vital​ signs? A. Every 15 minutes B. Every 10 minutes C. Every 20 minutes D. Every 5 minutes

D. Every 5 minutes

A patient has been shot once in the left hand. After performing the primary​ assessment, the EMT quickly focuses his attention on the​ patient's left hand and begins a specific assessment of the injury. Which type of exam is the EMT​ performing? A. Rapid B. Extremity C. Specific D. Focused

D. Focused

A patient has a GCS of​ 14, is​ oriented, and converses and opens his eyes when asked. When​ asked, he will squeeze your fingers and wiggle his toes. How would you describe this​ patient's motor​ response? A. Withdraws from pain B. Has a positive Babinski sign C. Localizes pain D. Obeys verbal commands

D. Obeys verbal commands

To best evaluate the adequacy of breathing in an unresponsive​ adult, the EMT​ should: A. Look for cyanosis B. Assess the skin color C. Check the pupils D. Observe the chest rise

D. Observe the chest rise

A​ 69-year-old male patient called 911 because of a sudden onset of pain and then numbness in his left leg. He states that he has a history of blood clots that form in the leg and the pain feels exactly as it did the last time that this occurred. He denies any trauma to the extremity. You perform the primary assessment and find the patient to be alert and oriented with no​ life-threatening deficits to the​ airway, breathing, or circulation. When initiating the secondary assessment on this​ patient, what would be appropriate to​ do? A. Place a nasal airway as a precautionary measure B. Perform a rapid​ head-to-toe exam C. Initiate immediate transport D. Perform a physical exam of the leg

D. Perform a physical exam of the leg

You arrive on the scene of a motor vehicle collision and are presented with a patient who complains of chest pain after striking his chest on the steering wheel.​ On-scene Emergency Medical Responders are maintaining cervical spine motion restriction manually. The patient is alert and oriented and has a patent airway. His respirations are 24​ breaths/min with good chest rise and​ fall, and his skin is warm and dry. He describes some shortness of​ breath, his heart rate is 96​ beats/min, and his SpO2 is​ 92% on room air. At this time you​ should: A. Apply a cervical collar B. Start positive pressure ventilation C. Obtain a blood pressure and medical history D. Provide oxygen via nasal cannula at​ 2-4 liters per minute

D. Provide oxygen via nasal cannula at​ 2-4 liters per minute

You are interviewing a prospective candidate for an EMT position with your service. During the​ interview, you ask the applicant to describe the purpose of the primary assessment. Which of these statements best describes that​ purpose? A. ​"Determine whether the​ patient's vital signs are​ stable." B. ​"Perform an exam focused on the​ patient's chief​ complaint." C. ​"Establish a chief complaint and gather the past medical​ history." D. ​"Identify and treat​ life-threatening conditions."

D. ​"Identify and treat​ life-threatening conditions."

You have been called for an adult patient who suffered a seizure. He is sitting on the​ floor, and looks at you as you enter the room. When​ questioned, he knows his name but cannot remember the​ date, what​ happened, or where he is. This​ patient's mental status can best be described​ as: A. Alert but confused B. Obtunded and altered C. Agitated and verbally disoriented D. Lethargic and agitated

A. Alert but confused

Which finding individually would most likely indicate that a patient is breathing​ inadequately? A. An SpO2 of less than​ 94% B. A respiratory rate of 20​ breaths/min in an adult C. Shortness of breath during exercise D. Numbness and tingling of the fingers and toes

A. An SpO2 of less than​ 94%

An intoxicated​ 19-year-old female patient has fallen through a large plate glass window. As you​ approach, you note her to be sitting up and holding her hand over a large laceration on her opposite arm that is still spurting bright red blood. In this​ situation, you would​ immediately: A. Apply direct pressure to the laceration B. Assess the airway for patency and breathing for adequacy C. Determine the presence and rate of the carotid pulse D. Provide​ high-concentration oxygen and treat for shock

A. Apply direct pressure to the laceration

You cannot locate a radial pulse on a​ 54-year-old male patient who is​ alert, confused, and breathing adequately. What should you do​ immediately? A. Check for the carotid pulse B. Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation C. Start positive pressure ventilation D. Attach the automated external defibrillator​ (AED)

A. Check for the carotid pulse

You have been called for a​ 6-month-old male patient with a high fever who has seized.​ Currently, the patient is not seizing and appears to be sleeping. When performing the primary assessment on this​ patient, which of these actions would be most​ appropriate? A. Check for the presence of a pulse in the brachial artery B. Evaluate the pulse before examining the breathing C. Obtain a blood pressure when checking the​ patient's circulation status D. Move the patient to the ambulance before performing the primary assessment

A. Check for the presence of a pulse in the brachial artery

You are performing a secondary assessment on an unrestrained adult passenger who was involved in a motor vehicle collision in which the car rolled end over end several times at a high rate of speed. The patient is responsive to painful stimuli and in a state of shock. When assessing the​ patient's head, which of these would be appropriate for you to​ do? A. Check the pupils with a penlight B. Apply pressure to a depressed area of the skull C. Perform a blind finger sweep to check the airway D. Clean a laceration of the scalp

A. Check the pupils with a penlight

During the primary​ assessment, how should you best determine the adequacy of a​ patient's breathing? A. Examine the rise and fall of the chest B. Compare the respirations and pulse rate C. Calculate the number of breaths per minute D. Determine the​ patient's mental status

A. Examine the rise and fall of the chest

A​ 62-year-old female patient who has been working in her garden has​ hot, dry skin. You should recognize this finding as a possible sign​ of: A. Heat exposure B. Stroke C. Hypoperfusion D. Heart problems

A. Heat exposure

A​ 44-year-old male patient was cutting limbs from high in a tree when he fell. He is found to be unresponsive with snoring respirations. His breathing is inadequate at a rate of 8​ breaths/min and his carotid pulse is weak and difficult to locate. Following the primary assessment and initial management of life​ threats, which of these actions will the EMT complete while performing the secondary​ assessment? A. Obtain vital signs and get a past medical history from the family B. Start positive pressure ventilation with a​ bag-valve mask C. Perform a trauma​ jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway D. Place an oral airway and cervical collar on the patient

A. Obtain vital signs and get a past medical history from the family

En route to the​ hospital, you start the reassessment of a​ 22-year-old trauma patient. You should begin this assessment​ by: A. Repeating the primary assessment B. Checking all interventions C. Rechecking vital signs D. Assessing for additional injuries

A. Repeating the primary assessment

What does the​ "S" in SAMPLE stand​ for? A. Sign B. Severity C. Seriousness D. Significance

A. Sign

When teaching a group of Emergency Medical Responders​ (EMRs) about the mechanism of​ injury, which point should you​ stress? A. The more significant the mechanism of​ injury, the greater the chance the patient has been injured B. The mechanism of injury can be used to dictate the order in which the primary assessment is conducted C. The mechanism of injury is the sole criterion on which an EMT decides whether immediate transport is required D. The mechanism of injury is no longer considered in the assessment because research has shown this information causes many patients to be​ over-treated

A. The more significant the mechanism of​ injury, the greater the chance the patient has been injured

Near the end of a​ workday, a construction worker fell 10 feet from​ scaffolding, landing on his head and left shoulder. He is found to be spontaneously​ alert, but confused. His airway is open and his breathing is adequate. Coworkers state that he was unresponsive for a period of 2 minutes following the fall and is on medications for depression and heart problems. Based on this​ information, the EMT should initially classify him as which kind of​ patient? A. Trauma B. Trauma and behavioral C. Medical and trauma D. ​Medical, trauma, and behavioral

A. Trauma

While treating a patient who was assaulted by a mob of angry people in a​ bar, the EMT finds the patient to be​ confused, tachycardic, with cool skin and a poor capillary refill. Based on this​ information, how would you categorize this​ patient? A. Unstable B. Stable C. Potentially unstable D. Potential high priority

A. Unstable

Information concerning the extent of injury can be related to findings of the complete​ head-to-toe exam​ by: A. Utilizing the body system approach B. An accurate primary assessment C. The ED D. Forming a general impression

A. Utilizing the body system approach

On​ scene, you find a​ 91-year-old female patient who fell down two steps after suddenly complaining of a severe headache. She is unresponsive with gurgling respirations. Which instruction should you immediately give your partner after manual spinal motion restriction is​ applied? A. ​"Get the suction out and clear out her​ airway." B. ​"Check her breathing and let me know the​ rate." C. ​"Please perform the​ head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver to open the​ airway." D. ​"Let's move her to the stretcher and get moving to the​ hospital."

A. ​"Get the suction out and clear out her​ airway."

You are by the side of a​ 64-year-old male patient who collapsed at home. After assessing his level of​ consciousness, airway, and​ breathing, you determine that he is unresponsive with an open​ airway, but not breathing. The patient still has a weak carotid pulse. Which instruction should you immediately give to your​ partner? A. ​"Let's attempt placement of an OPA or NPA and start​ ventilations." B. ​"Go ahead and apply the automated external​ defibrillator." C. ​"We will need to start cardiopulmonary​ resuscitation." D. ​"Please check the​ patient's blood pressure and apply the pulse​ oximeter."

A. ​"Let's attempt placement of an OPA or NPA and start​ ventilations."

Which of these statements made by the EMT indicates that he has appropriately initiated the first phase of patient​ assessment? A. ​"The scene appears to be free of​ hazards." B. ​"Blood pressure is​ 124/80 mmHg." C. ​"Can you tell me why you called the​ ambulance?" D. ​"I have placed an oral airway in the​ patient."

A. ​"The scene appears to be free of​ hazards."

You are assessing a trauma patient who was ejected from a car when it overturned. Currently he opens his eyes to painful​ stimuli, demonstrates no verbal response to​ questioning, and exhibits decerebrate rigidity in response to pain. What is this​ patient's Glasgow Coma Scale​ score? A. 5 B. 9 C. 3 D. 7

A. 5

Chapter Test 13.8.6 An EMT is assessing a​ 9-month-old infant who is​ "not acting​ right" per his mother. Assessment reveals the child to be extremely​ irritable, crying​ weakly, and resistant to being touched by the EMT. Which description best describes this​ infant's mental​ status? A. Lethargic B. Alert C. Verbal D. Obtunded

B. Alert

The EMT would recognize which of these patients as having a normal breathing​ rate? A. A​ 6-month-old infant breathing 58 times per minute B. An​ 8-year-old male breathing 24 times per minute C. A​ 22-year-old female breathing 26 times per minute D. A​ 44-year-old male breathing 6 times per minute

B. An​ 8-year-old male breathing 24 times per minute

A​ 28-year-old female patient has fallen 20 feet from the roof a house. She is lying supine and does not appear to be conscious or breathing. On arrival at her​ side, what should the EMT do​ first? A. Open her airway using a​ head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver B. Apply manual​ in-line spinal motion restriction C. Open her airway and assess her circulation D. Start positive pressure ventilation after placing an OPA or NPA

B. Apply manual​ in-line spinal motion restriction

An​ 18-year-old female patient with a history of diabetes twisted her right ankle while playing volleyball. She is alert and oriented and states that the pain is excruciating. The primary assessment is complete and yields no​ life-threatening conditions. What should you do​ next? A. Check her blood sugar B. Assess the right ankle and foot C. Apply ice to the ankle D. Perform a​ head-to-toe exam

B. Assess the right ankle and foot

Which of these patients would the EMT identify as having the most adequate​ breathing, free from any respiratory​ distress? A. A​ 67-year-old female breathing 26 times per minute with good chest rise and fall B. A​ 34-year-old male with abdominal pain who is alert and oriented with good chest rise and fall C. A​ 61-year-old confused female breathing at a rate of 8​ breaths/min D. A​ 19-year-old male breathing 16 times per minute with slight wheezing in the lungs

B. A​ 34-year-old male with abdominal pain who is alert and oriented with good chest rise and fall

You are assessing an​ 8-month-old child whose mother states that he has been vomiting for two days and not eating or drinking normally. When assessing the​ pulse, you should check which​ site? A. Temporal B. Brachial C. Femoral D. Radial

B. Brachial

When assessing a critically injured​ patient, the EMT should detect which of these injuries or conditions when performing the secondary​ assessment? A. Weak carotid pulse and clammy skin B. Bruising and tenderness to the abdomen C. Decreased level of consciousness D. Inadequate respiratory effort

B. Bruising and tenderness to the abdomen

You have completed the primary assessment on a patient who was thrown from a motorcycle and landed on his head and back on the nearby sidewalk. After initiating spine motion restriction and finding no life threats during the primary​ assessment, which action should you take first when starting a secondary​ assessment? A. Determine the​ patient's SAMPLE history B. Conduct a physical exam C. Obtain baseline vital signs D. Load the patient into the ambulance

B. Conduct a physical exam B. Conduct a physical exam

A​ 43-year-old male patient has called 911 with the complaint of difficulty breathing. Once on​ scene, you note he is breathing at a rate of 18​ breaths/min. He also exhibits intercostal retractions and nasal flaring. The pulse oximeter reads​ 93% on room air. The EMT should document this​ patient's breathing​ as: A. Tachypneic B. Dyspneic C. Bradypneic D. Apneic

B. Dyspneic

When performing a secondary assessment on an alert and oriented female patient with a deformed left​ leg, the EMT​ should: A. Reassure the patient that she will be okay and the injury is nothing to worry about B. Explain to the patient what you are doing before and during the assessment C. Inform the patient that if you assess​ her, she must submit to all treatment by EMS providers D. Describe to the patient your findings and the injuries as you encounter them

B. Explain to the patient what you are doing before and during the assessment

An Emergency Medical Responder informs you that a​ 59-year-old female patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. What would be the most accurate representation of this​ status? A. She is​ awake, but having difficulty telling you her name and where she is B. Her eyes are​ closed, but she will open them if asked C. She cannot be awakened when her name is called D. She is able to answer all questions appropriately when asked

B. Her eyes are​ closed, but she will open them if asked

You have been called for an​ 83-year-old female patient who is having difficulty breathing. She informs you that she has congestive heart failure and feels as though she is filling up with fluid. The primary assessment shows her to be alert and oriented with inadequate breathing. Her pulse is rapid and​ weak, and her skin is cool and dry. When performing a secondary​ assessment, which sign related to heart failure would you specifically look for when examining this​ patient's neck? A. Bruising to the neck B. Jugular vein distention C. Posterior tenderness on palpation D. Deviated trachea

B. Jugular vein distention

A​ 31-year-old male is complaining of​ left-side flank pain that radiates into his groin. He is alert and​ oriented, and the primary assessment reveals no​ life-threatening conditions. Given the​ patient's status, your next step should be​ to: A. Perform a rapid​ head-to-toe exam B. Obtain a medical history from the patient C. Repeat the primary assessment D. Gather medical information from the family

B. Obtain a medical history from the patient

You must check the circulation of an​ 8-year-old child with a high fever who has been vomiting for the past 2 hours. The child is very frightened and crying. Given the​ situation, you​ should: A. Obtain a carotid pulse B. Palpate the radial artery C. Feel for a brachial pulse D. Listen to the heart with a stethoscope

B. Palpate the radial artery

When assessing a stable patient with a medical​ complaint, which piece of information will typically be obtained​ first? A. Level of consciousness B. Past medical history C. Chief complaint D. Vital signs

B. Past medical history

A​ 62-year-old female patient was struck by a car traveling approximately 45 miles per hour. After being​ struck, she was thrown 15 feet onto the​ sidewalk, impacting the pavement with her head and chest. The primary assessment has been​ completed, spine motion restriction precautions have been​ provided, and life threats addressed. The​ patient's husband is by her side. When performing the secondary exam on this​ patient, what should the EMT do​ first? A. Obtain a full set of vital signs including a pulse oximeter reading B. Perform a rapid​ head-to-toe physical assessment C. Examine the head and chest for other​ life-threatening injuries D. Ask the family member if the patient has any past medical history

B. Perform a rapid​ head-to-toe physical assessment

You are completing the secondary assessment of a conscious patient with chest discomfort and a medical history of coronary artery disease. While assessing the cardiovascular system​ specifically, which one of these assessments should be​ performed? A. Analysis by the AED of the​ patient's heart rhythm B. Pulse pressure value C. Assessment of the expiration date of the​ patient's prescribed nitroglycerin D. Blood glucose level

B. Pulse pressure value

When assessing an adult trauma​ patient's circulation status during the primary​ assessment, the​ EMT's assessment should​ include: A. Carotid​ pulse, capillary​ refill, blood​ pressure, and skin color B. Radial​ and/or carotid​ pulse, skin​ characteristics, and presence of external bleeding C. Skin​ color, pulse​ rate, blood​ pressure, and skin temperature D. Pulse​ rate, blood​ pressure, capillary​ refill, and skin condition

B. Radial​ and/or carotid​ pulse, skin​ characteristics, and presence of external bleeding

Trends in a​ patient's condition are best noted during which phase of patient​ assessment? A. General impression B. Reassessment C. Secondary assessment D. Primary assessment

B. Reassessment

A male patient was found in cardiac arrest by coworkers. On arrival at the​ scene, you determined him to be in cardiac arrest and started CPR. The AED was quickly placed and you shocked the patient​ once, restoring a heartbeat. During​ transport, the patient remains​ unresponsive, but is breathing and has a pulse. When conducting the reassessment of this​ patient, which action should you​ complete? A. Remove the oropharyngeal airway B. Recheck vital signs C. Obtain a blood pressure every 20 minutes D. Perform a trauma assessment

B. Recheck vital signs

You are assessing a​ 4-year-old patient whose panicked mother states that she cannot wake him. The child is breathing but his eyes are closed. To best determine the​ child's mental​ status, you should​ first: A. Ask the mother how long the child has been asleep B. Say​ loudly, "Open your​ eyes!" C. Apply pressure to the​ child's nail beds D. Identify the child as unresponsive

B. Say​ loudly, "Open your​ eyes!"

An unresponsive​ 54-year-old male patient was found by family in his bed. They state that he has not been feeling well and complained of chest pain before going to bed approximately 1 hour ago. According to​ family, he has no prior medical history and does not take any medications. The primary assessment reveals no​ life-threatening conditions. When performing the secondary assessment on this​ patient, the EMT​ should: A. Contact the​ patient's family doctor B. Start by examining the​ patient's head C. Determine whether the chest pain still exists D. Focus the examination on the chest

B. Start by examining the​ patient's head

While you are performing a secondary assessment on a male patient who was ejected from his​ motorcycle, the patient suddenly states that it has become very hard to breathe. You​ would: A. Reconsider the mechanism of injury and look for a chest injury B. Stop your exam and evaluate the​ patient's new complaint C. Make a mental note and continue with your exam D. Reassess the​ patient, beginning with the head

B. Stop your exam and evaluate the​ patient's new complaint

As you approach a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle​ crash, you note that he has​ dark, oozing blood coming from an open fracture to his lower left tibia. The patient was removed from the car by bystanders and is being held by a family member. What should you do​ immediately? A. Apply direct pressure to the bleeding B. Take manual​ in-line spine motion restriction C. Provide supplemental oxygen D. Assess and open the airway

B. Take manual​ in-line spine motion restriction

You are by the side of a patient who complains of shortness of breath and has a history of heart​ problems, including congestive heart failure​ (CHF). When assessing the​ airway, which of these observations best indicates that it is still​ patent? A. The patient is sitting in an upright position because she cannot lie flat B. The patient easily tells you that she is having chest pain C. The patient is lethargic and confused to​ person, place, and time D. The patient can speak only in extremely short sentences

B. The patient easily tells you that she is having chest pain

You are treating a​ 17-year-old patient who fell out of a tree from a height of approximately​ 6-8 feet and landed against a wooden picket fence that was near the tree trunk. The patient landed with his right lateral chest striking the fence. The patient is alert and​ oriented, complains of respiratory​ distress, and has absent breath sounds over his right thorax. The vital signs reveal a blood pressure of​ 112/72 mmHg, a heart rate of 102​ beats/min and​ regular, respirations of 20​ breaths/min, pulse oximetry of​ 90% on ambient​ air, and intact peripheral perfusion. Your partner asks you if he should call for ALS intercept. You respond​ "yes" for which​ reason? A. The patient has a narrow pulse pressure B. You suspect the patient may have a pneumothorax C. The​ patient's fall height was​ "critical" D. The​ patient's heart rate is more than 100​ beats/min

B. You suspect the patient may have a pneumothorax

The EMT shows she understands the importance and reason for forming a general impression when she​ states: A. ​"The general impression permits a rapid diagnosis of the​ patient's problem." B. ​"Forming a general impression provides me with a rough idea of the​ patient's overall​ status." C. ​"Forming a general impression allows me to fully assess the emergency​ situation." D. ​"The general impression enables me to rule out any​ life-threatening conditions."

B. ​"Forming a general impression provides me with a rough idea of the​ patient's overall​ status."

You have been dispatched to an apartment for an elderly male complaining of shortness of breath. When do you start the process of forming a general impression about this​ patient? A. As soon as you obtain his chief complaint B. After completing the primary assessment C. As you and your partner approach him D. Following the completion of vital signs

C. As you and your partner approach him

You have been summoned to a retail​ store, where you are directed to a​ middle-aged woman who was found in the bathroom on the toilet. Your assessment shows her to be responsive to painful stimuli with an open airway and labored breathing. Her pulse is fast and​ regular, and her skin is warm to the touch. The primary assessment has been completed and the appropriate care given. As the stretcher is​ prepared, you perform the secondary assessment. When assessing her​ chest, you note the presence of crackles to both lungs. What should you do​ next? A. Place the patient on the stretcher B. Evaluate the head and neck C. Assess the abdomen D. Obtain vital signs

C. Assess the abdomen

Which of these patients should receive oxygen via an oxygenation adjunct such as an NRB or nasal​ cannula? A. A​ 61-year-old male who is​ unresponsive, with a foreign body airway obstruction that cannot be removed with abdominal thrusts B. A​ 39-year-old male with a sprained ankle who is breathing 16 times per minute C. A​ 42-year-old female who is​ confused, weak, and​ dizzy, and adequately breathing 14 times per minute D. An​ 18-year-old female who overdosed on a drug and is unresponsive and breathing 4 times per minute

C. A​ 42-year-old female who is​ confused, weak, and​ dizzy, and adequately breathing 14 times per minute

A​ 66-year-old female patient was involved in a vehicle rollover. While evaluating her​ abdomen, which of these abdominal assessment parameters should you be least concerned​ about? A. Guarding B. Rigidity C. Bowel sounds D. Distention

C. Bowel sounds

Your patient is 82 years old and has diabetes. Which assessment parameter is the least reliable sign indicating this​ patient's peripheral circulatory​ status? A. Pulse strength B. Skin temperature C. Capillary refill D. Skin color

C. Capillary refill

A​ 20-year-old female patient is found unresponsive. The first step of the secondary assessment for this patient is​ to: A. Contact medical direction for advisement B. Obtain vital signs C. Conduct a rapid medical assessment D. Gather a SAMPLE history from the family

C. Conduct a rapid medical assessment

When performing the primary assessment of a​ 45-year-old patient, which of these skin findings should concern the​ EMT? A. Skin that is warm to the touch B. ​1-second capillary refill C. Cool and moist skin D. Pink color to the nail beds

C. Cool and moist skin

When assessing the chest of a patient who was shot multiple​ times, you find a gunshot wound to the third intercostal space on the left lateral chest. What should you do​ immediately? A. Roll the patient and look for an exit wound B. Check for equality of breath sounds C. Cover the opening with a gloved hand D. Initiate positive pressure ventilation with oxygen

C. Cover the opening with a gloved hand

Which of these assessment findings indicates that the patient has intact motor function in his lower​ extremities? A. He states that he can feel you touching his toe B. The skin of his toes is pink and warm C. He can wiggle his toes when instructed D. He does not complain of pain to his lower extremities

C. He can wiggle his toes when instructed

Forming a general impression is essential in the assessment of any patient because​ it: A. Reveals the injuries the patient has suffered B. Indicates whether a primary assessment is required C. Helps to determine the clinical status of a patient D. Determines the stability or instability of a patient

C. Helps to determine the clinical status of a patient

A​ 26-year-old male patient has been ejected from a car after it rolled several times in the median of the interstate. As you perform the primary​ assessment, you find him prone and unresponsive. Your immediate action is​ to: A. Apply a cervical collar B. Place an oral airway C. Logroll him into supine position D. Assess his breathing

C. Logroll him into supine position

To stabilize the cervical spine of a trauma patient while simultaneously opening the​ airway, how should you position her​ head? A. In the position found B. Tilted slightly forward C. Neutral and​ in-line D. Tilted slightly back

C. Neutral and​ in-line

You have just determined that a​ 92-year-old female patient found in bed is​ unresponsive, but still has a carotid pulse. Your next action would be​ to: A. Immediate transport B. Determine the past medical history C. Open the airway manually D. Check for a radial pulse

C. Open the airway manually

As you arrive by the side of a​ 64-year-old unresponsive female​ patient, you hear snoring respirations. Your immediate action would be​ to: A. Determine the chief complaint B. Administer supplemental oxygen C. Perform a manual​ jaw-thrust maneuver D. Suction the mouth and airway

C. Perform a manual​ jaw-thrust maneuver

You are transporting a​ 31-year-old male patient who was severely injured in a motor vehicle collision. He is unresponsive and being ventilated by your partner with a​ bag-valve mask. How will you conduct the rapid secondary assessment on this​ patient? A. Palpate the body parts but do not auscultate them B. Focus on the head and torso C. Perform a​ head-to-toe exam D. Focus on the chest and abdomen

C. Perform a​ head-to-toe exam

A​ 5-year-old boy has been vomiting profusely for two days. Your assessment indicates that his airway is​ open, respirations​ adequate, and radial pulse fast and weak. His skin is cool and​ moist, and the capillary refill time is 5 seconds. This patient is most​ likely: A. Feverous B. Malnourished C. Poorly perfused D. Hypoxic

C. Poorly perfused

The EMT determines the medications a patient takes during which phase of the patient​ assessment? A. Primary assessment B. OPQRST exam C. SAMPLE history D. Chief complaint

C. SAMPLE history

The EMT recognizes that the best source of information for a responsive medical patient with a specific chief complaint and no known medical history​ is: A. Medical direction B. The​ patient's vital signs C. The patient D. The family

C. The patient

You arrive at the scene of a​ fall, where a​ 42-year-old woman fell backward off a stepladder while cleaning her kitchen windows. She is seated on the floor and complains of pain to her ankle. She tells​ you, "If I had just gone to work today instead of using vacation​ time, this would have never​ happened!" Based on information thus​ far, what can you​ conclude? A. Her pulse rate is within normal limits B. She does not have any other injuries C. The patient is alert with an open airway D. She does not require rapid transport

C. The patient is alert with an open airway

After manual spine motion restriction is​ established, it should never be released​ until: A. The patient has been assessed for additional injuries B. All interventions are checked C. The patient is secured on a stretcher D. ​Self-restriction is initiated

C. The patient is secured on a stretcher

You are assessing a medical patient whom you suspect has experienced a stroke. Currently he can open his eyes to verbal​ commands, his verbal responses are incomprehensible​ sounds, and he is able to localize painful stimuli when applied. What is this​ patient's Glasgow Coma Scale​ score? A. 8 B. 6 C. 12 D. 10

D. 10

A​ 36-year-old patient who has overdosed on an unknown drug presents in a seemingly unresponsive state as you walk into the room. Given​ this, what should you do​ first? A. Check the​ patient's vital signs B. Ask bystanders which drug was taken C. Determine whether a radial pulse is present D. Assess the​ patient's mental status

D. Assess the​ patient's mental status

For which of these patients should the EMT perform a rapid​ head-to-toe secondary​ assessment, as opposed to a focused secondary​ assessment? A. A​ 46-year-old roofer with a history of coronary heart​ disease, who complains of a burn to his left lower leg after being splashed with hot tar B. A​ 36-year-old construction worker who was shot in the hand with a nail​ gun; the nail remains impaled in his hand and bleeding is minor C. A​ 22-year-old male who is alert and oriented with a deformed ankle that occurred when he tripped playing basketball and landed hard D. A​ 24-year-old male with stable vitals who is alert and oriented and is complaining of chest pain secondary to a motor vehicle collision in which the passenger was killed

D. A​ 24-year-old male with stable vitals who is alert and oriented and is complaining of chest pain secondary to a motor vehicle collision in which the passenger was killed

Which of these patients would be classified as​ unresponsive? A. A​ 52-year-old male who cannot answer your questions B. A​ 70-year-old female who has experienced a stroke C. A​ 39-year-old-female who is confused D. A​ 46-year-old-male who does not respond when his fingers are pinched

D. A​ 46-year-old-male who does not respond when his fingers are pinched

Which of these patients is considered the lowest priority for a rapid secondary exam and immediate​ transport? A. A​ 7-year-old boy who has had severe abdominal pain for 4 hours B. A​ 55-year-old woman with difficulty breathing C. A​ 32-year-old woman who is unresponsive D. A​ 72-year-old man complaining of leg pain for a week

D. A​ 72-year-old man complaining of leg pain for a week

You have been called to the side of a​ 37-year-old female patient whose chief complaint is​ confusion, anxiety, and chest tightness. Assessment shows her airway to be​ patent, respirations are 46​ breaths/min, heart rate is 134​ beat/min, blood pressure is​ 128/54 mmHg, and SpO2 is​ 93%. In regard to the respiratory​ rate, you would​ recognize: A. It will result in too much air being placed in the lungs B. It is not a concern because the patient is still getting oxygen C. It will cause damage to the lungs if not corrected D. It does not allow the lungs enough time to adequately fill

D. It does not allow the lungs enough time to adequately fill

A patient has called 911 for abdominal pain and generalized weakness. On​ arrival, you note that the​ patient's skin is a​ yellow-orange color. Which disease revealed to you during the history would best correlate to this​ patient's skin? A. Lung cancer B. Stroke C. Diabetes D. Liver disease

D. Liver disease

An alert and oriented​ 69-year-old female patient complains of​ low, right-sided abdominal pain. She describes the pain as​ "knife-like" and states that it started suddenly 1 hour ago. Her only medical history is​ hypertension, for which she takes the medication Lisinopril. Which of these assessment findings shows that the EMT is appropriately assessing this patient given the chief​ complaint? A. No trauma noted to the head B. No deformity to the upper extremities C. No pain on palpation to the chest D. No abdominal guarding noted

D. No abdominal guarding noted

During your primary​ assessment, you note the​ patient's skin to be​ warm, pink, and dry. This finding would seem to​ indicate: A. Possible fever B. Possible shock C. Poor oxygenation D. Normal circulation

D. Normal circulation

You are performing a secondary assessment and are assessing the​ patient's chest. Which of these findings would you associate most with fracture of the​ ribs? A. Ecchymosis to the chest wall B. Jugular venous distention C. Decreased breath sounds D. Paradoxical chest wall motion

D. Paradoxical chest wall motion

The EMT recognizes that for a trauma patient who is alert and​ oriented, he should obtain the​ patient's medical history during which component of patient​ assessment? A. Reassessment B. Scene​ size-up C. Primary assessment D. Secondary assessment

D. Secondary assessment

The​ patient's family states that their​ 16-year-old daughter has a history of asthma and has been complaining of shortness of breath for the past two days. She has been taking her​ metered-dose inhaler with some​ relief, but this​ morning, they found her lethargic and struggling to breathe. Your assessment reveals the patient to be responsive to verbal stimuli with an open airway and shallow respirations of 44​ breaths/min. You hear minimal wheezing in both lungs. What is your immediate action in caring for this​ patient? A. Insert an oral airway B. Apply a nonrebreather mask C. Position her on her side D. Start positive pressure ventilation

D. Start positive pressure ventilation

As you perform the primary assessment on an unresponsive​ patient, you discover vomitus in her airway. What should you do​ next? A. Check the breathing B. Start positive pressure ventilation C. Apply supplemental oxygen D. Suction the airway

D. Suction the airway

You are transporting an​ 18-year-old male patient who was injured in a motor vehicle collision. He has a decreased level of consciousness and has injuries to his​ head, chest, and lower right leg. While you are conducting the reassessment of the​ patient's head and​ neck, which of these actions is most​ appropriate? A. Maintaining the​ patient's airway with the​ head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver B. Carefully removing the cervical collar to reassess the back of the​ patient's neck C. Placing a sterile dressing in the​ patient's right ear​ canal, which is oozing blood D. Taking time to carefully​ re-palpate the​ patient's face and scalp

D. Taking time to carefully​ re-palpate the​ patient's face and scalp

Which of these physical findings is least consistent with an injured​ extremity? A. Deformities B. Contusions C. Crepitation D. Vomiting

D. Vomiting

When you are caring for a patient with either a medical complaint or a traumatic​ injury, you should typically perform the​ reassessment: A. When a​ life-threatening condition is found B. Immediately following the primary assessment C. Before the secondary assessment D. While transporting the patient to the hospital

D. While transporting the patient to the hospital

During assessment of a responsive medical​ patient, you gather a medical history using the memory aid SAMPLE. To obtain information related to the​ "M" component, which question should you​ ask? A. ​"Can you point to where it hurts the​ most?" B. ​"Do you have any past medical​ problems?" C. ​"Are you allergic to any​ medications?" D. ​"Are you currently taking any​ medications?"

D. ​"Are you currently taking any​ medications?"

Which of these statements made by an EMT student shows he correctly understands capillary​ refill? A. ​"Red flushed skin in the adult is a normal finding when assessing capillary​ refill." B. ​"A capillary refill of 4 or more seconds in a patient of any age indicates that he or she is well​ oxygenated." C. ​"Capillary refill is a reliable sign of perfusion in​ adults, but not as reliable in infants and​ children." D. ​"For a capillary refill test to be normal for a​ child, it must be assessed at room temperature and be less than 2​ seconds."

D. ​"For a capillary refill test to be normal for a​ child, it must be assessed at room temperature and be less than 2​ seconds."

At a continuing education seminar being taught by your medical​ director, the instructor asks the group for one reason why the secondary assessment is beneficial to perform on the trauma patient. Which of these responses is most​ appropriate? A. ​"It is the best assessment for detecting problems with the​ airway, breathing, or​ circulation." B. ​"It is an effective means to determine the exact mechanism of​ injury." C. ​"It is a good tool that allows the EMT to determine whether critical interventions such as positive pressure ventilation or CPR are​ needed." D. ​"It is useful in finding additional injuries and guiding additional​ care."

D. ​"It is useful in finding additional injuries and guiding additional​ care."

Which characteristic regarding breathing rates must the EMT remember when assessing the respirations of a pediatric​ patient? A. Respirations in a pediatric patient are usually faster than those of an adult B. Respirations in a pediatric patient are not significant in the assessment of breathing adequacy C. Respirations in a pediatric patient are similar to those of an adult D. Respirations in a pediatric patient are typically slower than those of an adult

A. Respirations in a pediatric patient are usually faster than those of an adult

You are an assistant instructor for an Emergency Medical Responder course. One of the students asks you how the​ head-tilt, chin-lift airway maneuver works to open the airway. Your response​ is: A. ​"It stimulates the patient to begin taking deeper​ breaths, thereby moving air into the​ lungs." B. ​"It creates an open airway by separating the​ lips, allowing air to​ enter." C. ​"It opens the airway by relaxing and expanding the size of the​ throat." D. ​"It opens the airway by lifting the tongue from the back of the​ throat."

. ​"It opens the airway by lifting the tongue from the back of the​ throat."

You are a field supervisor for your EMS system and are working with a new EMT during his probationary period. Both of you are currently on the scene of a​ 10-month-old pediatric patient for what dispatch describes as​ "an unknown medical​ emergency." Upon​ arrival, the parents state the infant is​ "just not acting​ right." Currently the infant opens his eyes when you shout his name​ suddenly, he can localize painful stimuli when​ applied, and he is grunting with each respiration. He was born 3 weeks premature. His capillary refill is 2 seconds. You ask your new EMT to calculate the pediatric GCS score. The EMT should respond with which numeric​ value? A. 10 B. 8 C. 12 D. 6

A. 10

When assessing the breath sounds​ (during a rapid secondary​ exam) of a critical trauma​ patient, it is best to auscultate each lung in at least how many​ places? A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 3

A. 2