EMT chapter 16

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should: Select one: A. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin. B. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin. C. obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history. D. assess the adequacy of his respirations.

assess the adequacy of his respirations

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker? Select one: A. A rapid heart rate B. Syncope or dizziness C. Heart rate less than 60 beats/min D. Generalized weakness

a rapid heart rate

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? Select one: A. Thoracic aortic aneurysm B. Uncontrolled hypertension C. Obstructive lung disease D. Acute myocardial infarction

acute myocardial infarction

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further. B. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice. C. give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once. D. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure.

administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should: Select one: A. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible. B. perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup. C. have your partner perform CPR while you question the bystanders. D. immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm.

begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include: Select one: A. excess stress. B. hyperglycemia. C. family history. D. lack of exercise.

family history

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure? Select one: A. Labored breathing B. Dependent edema C. Pulmonary edema D. Flat jugular veins

dependent edema

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should: Select one: A. contact medical control. B. dry the chest if it is wet. C. perform CPR for 30 seconds. D. assess for a pulse for 20 seconds.

dry the chest if it is wet

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who: Select one: A. are older than 40 years of age. B. have chronic hypertension. C. have had a stroke in the past. D. regularly take illegal drugs.

have chronic hypertension

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should: Select one: A. re-analyze the cardiac rhythm. B. assess for a carotid pulse. C. transport the patient at once. D. immediately resume CPR.

immediately resume CPR

Angina pectoris occurs when: Select one: A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply. B. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque. C. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm. D. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand.

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed: Select one: A. on the lower abdomen. B. anywhere on the arms. C. on the thighs or ankles. D. on either side of the chest.

on the thighs or ankles

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: Select one: A. he or she is not breathing and has a weakly palpable pulse. B. his or her condition is rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest. C. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available. D. special pads are used and the child has profound tachycardia.

pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should: Select one: A. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. B. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest. C. perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate. D. remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place.

remove the batter from the monitor and then remove the vest

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the: Select one: A. direction that the electrical flow takes in the body. B. distance between the two AED pads on the chest. C. actual amount of energy that the AED will deliver. D. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

resistance of the body to the flow of electricity

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the: Select one: A. right atrium. B. right ventricle. C. left atrium. D. left ventricle.

right atrium

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the: Select one: A. bundle of His. B. coronary sinus. C. sinoatrial node. D. atrioventricular node.

sinoatrial node

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when: Select one: A. the aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding. B. all layers of the aorta suddenly contract. C. the inner layers of the aorta become separated. D. a weakened area develops in the aortic wall.

the inner layers of the aorta become separated

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because: Select one: A. the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow. B. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. C. tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen. D. the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing.

the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients: Select one: A. with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg. B. who have taken up to two doses. C. who have experienced a head injury. D. with a history of an ischemic stroke.

with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg