EMT Chapter 22 JB Learning, EMT Chapter 21 JB Learning, EMT Chapter20 JB Learning, EMT Chapter 19 JB Learning, EMT Chapter 18 JB Learning, EMT Chapter 17 JB Learning, EMT Chapter 16 JB Learning, EMT Chapter 15 JB Learning, EMT Chapter 14 JB Learning

What is the function of the left atrium?

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Bradycardia

Unusually slow heart rhythm, less than 60 beats/min

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a psychiatric emergency occurs when a person:

becomes agitated or violent and is a threat to him- or herself or others.

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cool, clammy skin.

Allergicreaction

An exaggerated immune response to any substance

Aphasia

An inability to produce or understand speech

Immediately after giving an epinephrine injection, you should:

properly dispose of the syringe

Signs and symptoms of a sympathomimetic drug overdose include:

tachycardia.

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities.

Hemophilia

Hematologic

Which of the following medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

Ibuprofen

You are assessing a conscious 55-year-old male with a sudden change in behavior. Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST suggestive of dysfunction of this patient's central nervous system?

Rapid eye movement

Tachycardia

Rapid heart rhythm, greater than 100 beats/min

Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when:

blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing.

When an electrical impulse reaches the AV node, it is slowed for a brief period of time so that:

blood can pass from the atria to the ventricles.

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:

brain stem.

The accumulation of ketones and fatty acids in blood tissue can lead to a dangerous condition in diabetic patients known as:

diabetic ketoacidosis.

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:

drowsiness.

The first step in assessing a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

ensure your safety.

Pelvicinflammatorydisease

Gynecologic

When the abdominal muscles become rigid in an effort to protect the abdomen from further irritation, this is referred to as:

guarding.

Your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to:

avoid contaminating yourself.

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

Airborne substances should be diluted with:

oxygen.

Epinephrine is indicated for patients with an allergic reaction when:

wheezing and hypotension are present.

Which of the following conditions or factors would be the LEAST likely to result in a change in behavior?

Antihypertensive medications

Because the stinger of a honeybee remains in the wound following a sting:

it can continue to inject venom for up to 20 minutes.

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity

Anaphylaxis is not always life threatening, but it typically involves:

multiple organ systems.

Immediately after physically restraining a violent patient, the EMT should:

reassess the patient's airway and breathing.

You should assess pulse, motor, and sensation in all of the extremities and check for pupillary reactions if you suspect a(n) _____ problem.

neurologic

Functions of the liver include:

secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances

Wheal

swollen area on skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction

Medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following, EXCEPT:

syncope.

Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:

the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood.

Sickle cell disease

Inherited disease that affects red blood cells

Acuteabdomen

A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen

To which of the following diabetic patients should you administer oral glucose?

A confused 55-year-old male with tachycardia and pallor

Peritoneum

A membrane lining the abdomen

Postictal state

A period following a seizure that typically includes labored respirations and altered mental status

Toxin

A poison or harmful substance

Aura

A sense of warning experienced prior to an event

Asthma

Respiratory

Infarction

Tissue death

You have been called to a park where a local church is holding a potluck dinner. As you exit your ambulance, a woman approaches you holding her 7-year-old son who is wheezing and having difficulty breathing. She informs you that he inadvertently ate a brownie with nuts, and he is allergic to nuts. The child's mother has an EpiPen that contains the appropriate dose of epinephrine for a child. What dose would that be?

0.15 mg

When administering epinephrine via auto-injector, you should hold the injector in place for:

10 seconds.

The incubation period for hepatitis B is typically:

4 to 12 weeks.

Normal blood glucose levels range from _____ mg/dL.

80 to 120

Which of the following patients would MOST likely have a delayed onset of an allergic reaction?

A 45-year-old male who ingested penicillin

Aneurysm

A swelling or enlargement of part of an artery resulting from weakness of the arterial wall

Thrombophilia

A tendency to develop blood clots

Severe back pain may be associated with which of the following conditions?

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Stimulant

Agent that produces an excited state

Which of the following conditions or situations would MOST likely make excited delirium worse?

Alcohol withdrawal

A 54-year-old golfer collapsed on the 17th green at the golf course. His friend said he wasn't feeling well after the eighth hole, but insisted on walking and finishing out the game. His skin is pale, cool, and diaphoretic, and he provides incoherent answers to your questions. An initial blood glucose measurement indicates 65 mg/dL. The patient loses consciousness and a second blood glucose level reads 48 mg/dL. You should:

All of these answers are correct.

Epinephrine, whether made by the body or by a drug manufacturer, works rapidly to:

All of these answers are correct.

Anticholinergic

An agent that blocks the parasympathetic nerves

Cholinergic

An agent that overstimulates body functions controlled by parasympathetic nerves

Which of the following statements regarding anaphylaxis is correct?

Anaphylaxis is characterized by airway swelling and hypotension

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

Burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

Whatyoucanseeofaperson'sresponsetotheenvironment;hisorheractions

Behavior

Anyreactiontoeventsthatinterfereswithactivitiesofdailylivingorisunacceptabletothepatientorothers

Behavioral crisis

Retroperitoneal

Behind the peritoneum

Thromboembolism

Blood clot floating through blood vessels until it reaches a narrow area and blocks blood flow

Atherosclerosis

Calcium and cholesterol buildup inside blood vessels

Dean, a man in his 50s, is acting irrationally. His wife states that he thinks he is the dictator of a small country, and he is wearing nothing but a baseball cap and a belt with a small handgun attached to it. What is your best course of action?

Call for police backup

Congestiveheartfailure

Cardiovascular

Hormone

Chemical produced by a gland that regulates body organs

Which of the following is NOT considered a sign or symptom of alcohol withdrawal?

Chest pain

_______ commonly produces symptoms about 30 minutes after a particularly fatty meal and usually at night.

Cholecystitis

Ileus

Paralysis of the bowel

Condition of impairment in cognitive function that can present with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions

Delirium

Type 1 diabetes

Diabetes that usually starts in childhood; requires insulin

Type 2 diabetes

Diabetes with onset later in life; may be controlled by diet and oral medication

Hemophilia

Disorder that causes an inability to develop blood clots

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor to consider when assessing a suicidal patient?

Does the patient appear to be well groomed

Opioid

Drug or agent with actions similar to morphine

Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?

Dry mucous membranes

Diabetesmellitus

Endocrine

______ occur(s) when there is excess pressure within the portal system and surrounding vessel and may lead to life-threatening bleeding.

Esophageal varices

Hyperglycemia

Extremely high blood glucose level

Which of the following is LEAST important when obtaining a medical history from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?

Family history of hypertension

Psychological disorder that impairs bodily function when the body seems to be structurally normal

Functional disorder

Diverticulitis

Gastrointestinal

Stridor

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound, usually resulting from upper airway obstruction

You have responded to the home of a 26-year-old woman who has reportedly taken a large number of pills in an attempt to commit suicide. As you enter the living room, you see her sleeping in her chair, and several empty alcohol containers are present. She is breathing heavily. You are able to arouse her consciousness for a short period of time. Which course of action takes priority?

Have her take activated charcoal while she is conscious.

Wheezing

High-pitched, whistling breath sound usually resulting from blockage of the airway and typically heard on expiration

Insulin

Hormone that enables glucose to enter the cells

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum

You have been dispatched to the home of a 52-year-old woman with severe flank pain. Which of the following would be an appropriate question to ask regarding the pain?

Is the pain constant or intermittent?

Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem?

Jugular venous distention

Ischemia

Lack of oxygen

You are called to a home and find a 56-year-old woman supine in her bed. She appears alert, but has slurred speech. Her family tells you she has a history of TIAs and hypertension. You ask the patient, "What day is it today?" Her reply is, "Butterfly." Which area of the brain is likely affected?

Left hemisphere

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

Liver

________ is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.

MRSA

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Most people with a mental illness are dangerous.

Urticaria

Multiple raised areas on the skin that itch or burn

Referredpain

Pain felt in an area of the body other than where the cause of the pain is located

Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?

Poisoning

Glucose

Primary fuel, along with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

At 0500 hours, you respond to the home of a 76-year-old man complaining of chest pain. Upon arrival, the patient states that he had been sleeping in the recliner all night due to indigestion, when the pain woke him up. He also tells you he has taken two nitroglycerin tablets. His vital signs are as follows: respirations, 16 breaths/min; pulse, 98 beats/min; blood pressure, 92/76 mm Hg. He is still complaining of chest pain. What actions should you take to intervene?

Provide high-flow oxygen.

Illness with psychological or behavioral symptoms that may result in impaired functioning

Psychiatric disorder

A state of delusion in which the person is out of touch with reality

Psychosis

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

Spleen

Leukotriene

Substance made by body that is released in anaphylaxis

Allergen

Substance that causes an allergic reaction

Which of the following statements regarding epinephrine administration via the intramuscular (IM) route is correct?

The 1:1000 concentration should be used.

A functional disorder is a:

The correct answer is: physiological disorder in the absence of a structural abnormality.

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels

Which of the following statements regarding injected poisons is FALSE?

They are easily diluted once in the bloodstream.

Substance abuse

Toxicologic

Which of the following negative effects of anaphylaxis will be the MOST rapidly fatal if not treated immediately?

Upper airway swelling

Which of the following physiologic actions does epinephrine produce when given for an allergic reaction?

Vasoconstriction and bronchodilation

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?

Ventricular tachycardia

Hemiparesis

Weakness of one side of the body

Which of the following signs or symptoms would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with new-onset type 1 diabetes?

Weight loss and polyuria

Organic brain syndrome is defined as:

a dysfunction of the brain caused by abnormal physical or physiological function.

Hyperventilation could be associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

a narcotic overdose.

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin that is the result of an insect bite or sting is called:

a wheal.

Cardiogenic shock can occur within 24 hours of a(n):

acute myocardial infarction.

An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:

adequate air exchange.

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should:

adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared to assist his or her ventilations.

Treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

administering activated charcoal.

The foreign substance responsible for causing an allergic reaction is called a(n):

allergen.

When blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel, the result is:

an ischemic stroke

When, for a brief period of time, heart tissues do not get enough oxygen, the pain is called:

angina.

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

aortic aneurysm.

A 62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:

apply a CPAP device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.

In general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or remove because they:

are usually absorbed quickly into the body

Febrile seizures:

are usually benign but should be evaluated.

A 66-year-old male presents with bizarre behavior. His daughter states that he did not seem to recognize her and was very rude to her. The patient is conscious, and has a patent airway and adequate breathing. You should:

ask the daughter how her father normally behaves.

Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is MOST important to:

assess the scene for potential hazards

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is

attempting to eliminate acids from the blood.

The MOST important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other cholinergic agent is to:

avoid exposure yourself

You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive in approximately 5 minutes. You should:

begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver a shock if it is indicated

General guidelines for managing a patient with a behavioral emergency include:

being prepared to spend extra time with the patient.

In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin.

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:

cough.

The single most significant factor that contributes to suicide is:

depression.

In addition to ensuring his or her own safety, the EMT's responsibility when caring for a patient with a behavioral emergency is to:

diffuse and control the situation and safely transport the patient.

When documenting abnormal behavior, it is important to:

document everything that happened on the call.

Ketone production is the result of:

fat metabolization when glucose is unavailable

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should:

focus on his or her chief complaint.

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

foramen magnum.

Patients with a subarachnoid hemorrhage typically complain of a sudden severe:

headache.

When obtaining a SAMPLE history from a patient with diabetes, it would be MOST important to determine:

if he or she has had any recent illnesses or excessive stress

Headache, vomiting, altered mental status, and seizures are all considered early signs of:

increased intracranial pressure.

"Nerve gases" overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled by parasympathetic nerves, causing:

increased salivation.

The _____ is your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illnesses.

index of suspicion

You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation.

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:

is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes.

In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:

is not a communicable disease.

The secondary assessment of a medical patient:

is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.

Chronic renal failure is a condition that:

is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the:

liver.

A strangulated hernia is one that:

loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

The onset of hypoglycemia can occur within:

minutes.

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level.

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old female with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and resolution of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should:

obtain a manual blood pressure.

Before giving activated charcoal, you should:

obtain approval from medical control

A 22-year-old male with a history of clinical depression called 9-1-1 and stated that he has attempted to kill himself. Your unit and law enforcement officers arrive at the scene simultaneously. You find the patient lying supine on the living room floor. He is unresponsive and cyanotic. An empty bottle of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) is found on an adjacent table. You should:

open the patient's airway and assess his respirations.

A 22-year-old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé. Her respirations are 40 breaths/min. You should:

provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed.

The only vein(s) in the body that carry oxygenated blood is/are the:

pulmonary veins.

When assessing an unresponsive diabetic patient, the primary visible difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is the:

rate and depth of breathing.

After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should:

reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

removing sodium and water from the body.

Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by:

repeating the primary assessment.

When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal:

respirations increase in rate and depth.

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with:

respiratory distress

You respond to a residence for a patient who is "not acting right." As you approach the door, the patient, a 35-year-old male, begins shouting profanities at you and your partner while holding a baseball bat. The man is confused and diaphoretic, and is wearing a medical identification bracelet. You should:

retreat at once and call law enforcement.

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Solid abdominal organs include the:

spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

You should not use tweezers or forceps to remove an embedded stinger because:

squeezing may cause the stinger to inject more venom into the wound

Hypoglycemia can mimic conditions such as:

stroke.

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should:

suction her oropharynx and transport immediately.

Acute pulmonary edema would MOST likely develop as the result of:

toxic chemical inhalation

You are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39-year-old female who is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts of saliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. Immediate management for this patient should include:

thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx.

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:

transporting the patient without delay

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain or discomfort, the EMT should:

use the patient's own words.

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

walls of the abdominal cavity.