EMT chapter 7- A&P

You are reading a patient care report written by your partner. Which sentence would cause you to tell your partner that you have found an error?

"The patient was placed in a face-up prone position."

Accurately communicating patient injury information to other health care professionals is most reliant upon:

A good knowledge of proper anatomic terminology

What is the term that refers to the structure of the body?

Anatomy

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for increasing gastric juice secretions after a person eats a meal?

Autonomic

Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a 73-year-old female patient has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the head?

Back

Which type of joint provides the greatest amount of free motion?

Ball-and-socket joint

A patient with asthma is short of breath because her small airways are constricted. For this patient, the best medication is one that has which sympathetic (adrenergic) properties?

Beta-2

A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. Failure of which of the heart's valves is likely responsible for this condition?

Bicuspid

You are assessing a patient with an obvious left midshaft femur fracture. The most immediate threat to this patient's survival is:

Blood loss

Involuntary or smooth muscles are found in the walls of which types of structures?

Blood vessels and intestines

A psychologically disturbed patient decided to kill himself by shooting himself in the head. The bullet entered the right temporal lobe and exited the skull on the opposite side. If this patient is unresponsive, what is the most likely cause?

Both cerebral hemispheres are damaged

A patient's blood glucose (sugar) level begins to drop. Which organ would be affected first due to its heavy reliance on circulating glucose?

Brain

Which statement best describes the difference between cardiac and smooth muscle?

Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical impulse; smooth muscle cannot

The nervous system is structurally subdivided into the:

Central and peripheral nervous systems

Assessment of an elderly male patients reveals that he is confused. His family states that this status is normal for him because he has a disease of his brain that has affected his ability to remember things. Based on this information, in which area of the brain is this disease located?

Cerebrum

The spinal column is composed of which sections, described in order from most superior to most inferior?

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since then. You recognize that this injury involves a structure that:

Connects muscles to the knee

The left side of a patient's heart is in severe failure, causing blood to back up behind it. Which sign or symptom are you most likely to observe first?

Crackles in the lungs

The terms "occipital," "parietal," and "frontal" can refer collectively to which part of the body?

Cranium

The alveoli of a patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. How does this disturbance place the patient at risk?

Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body

You have been called to transport a patient who has an illness that has impaired the involuntary muscles' ability to contract. What condition would you expect with this patient?

Decreased peristaltic movement of the large intestine

When palpating a pulse on top of the foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow in which vessel?

Dorsalis pedis artery

You are assessing a patient who informs you that her body abnormally forms blood clots, even when they are not needed to stop bleeding. Which condition could you expect the patient to have that contributes to the blood clotting?

Elevated number of platelets

In which body system are the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and gonads located?

Endocrine

A 23-year-old male patient has been shot with a rifle by an assailant standing in front of him. The bullet entered the victim's chest just above the left nipple and exited his body laterally left of his fourth lumbar vertebrae. Proper documentation of this injury would include:

Entry wound to the anterior thorax

An abrasion affects which part of the skin?

Epidermal and dermal layers

What is the name of the male reproductive structure that stores sperm?

Epididymis

A patient has severe swelling of the leaf-shaped flap that helps to prevent food from entering the lower respiratory system while swallowing. Knowing that the suffix "itis" refers to inflammation, what is this patient's condition?

Epiglottitis

Based on the anatomic and physiological differences between an infant and an adult, which finding would suggest respiratory distress in an infant, but would be less likely to be observed in an adult?

Excessive abdominal wall motion

What is the basic function of the respiratory system?

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which phase of the respiratory cycle happens next?

Exhalation

Acrocyanosis is best described as a bluish discoloration of the patient's:

Extremities

A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spine injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in which part of the body?

Feet

A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which bones could be involved in this injury?

Femur, tibia, or fibula

A patient with kidney failure has lost his ability to:

Filter and excrete wastes

A patient described as dysphagic presents as:

Having difficulty swallowing

A patient informs you that he has had his gallbladder surgically removed. Based on the physiology of the gallbladder, which statement is most true regarding this patient?

He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats

A patient with a calcaneal fracture has a broken:

Heel

An enlarged liver is best documented as:

Hepatomegaly

The bones of the upper extremities include the:

Humerus and radius

Knowing that muscular dystrophy affects the voluntary muscles, which additional problem should you expect to be a direct effect of the disease?

Inability to walk

Which assessment finding should the EMT expect after administering epinephrine to a patient?

Increased blood pressure

A patient has experienced a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the skin, he is now more susceptible to:

Infection

Following radiation therapy for breast cancer, a female patient has a low white blood cell count. Which condition does this factor place her at risk to acquire?

Infection

A patient with bronchitis is experiencing:

Inflammation of the bronchi

Assessment of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision reveals tenderness over ribs 9-12 on the lateral right side. Based on this injury, the EMT should be alert for which additional concern?

Injury to the liver

Degenerative disk disease to the vertebrae is characterized by damage to which structure(s) between the vertebrae?

Intervertebral disks

Which statement regarding the endocrine system is most correct?

It is made up of several glands whose secretions cause specific actions in specific organs

A patellar fracture affects which part of the body?

Knee

The structure containing a person's "voice box" is termed the:

Larynx

Which line divides the body into right and left halves when viewing it from the front?

Midline

What represents the correct sequence for the passage of air into the lungs, when starting from outside the body?

Mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli

Which body system protects internal organs of the chest and provides for movement of the extremities?

Musculoskeletal

As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. Based on this description, you would expect the patient's breathing to be:

Occasional and gasping

A patient complains of extreme dizziness, headache, and other "stroke-like" symptoms. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these symptoms?

Occlusion of the carotid arteries

After you apply and use the automated external defibrillator, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this patient?

On his left side

Which components of the nervous system must be functional for a patient to be conscious?

One cerebral hemisphere and the reticular activating system

Which organ(s) is (are) responsible for production and secretion of the primary female hormone progesterone?

Ovaries

A patient with an orbital fracture is most likely to complain of:

Pain around the eye

A patient has a total occlusion of the left femoral artery. With this condition, which assessment finding would the EMT expect?

Pale skin to the left foot

A patient informs you that he must sprinkle artificial digestive enzymes on all his foods before eating them. Based on this information, which endocrine gland should you assume is dysfunctional?

Pancreas

For the lungs to oxygenate blood, there must be blood flow provided by the right ventricle to the alveoli. This is an example of which principle?

Physiology

Which term refers to how the parts of the body function and interact?

Physiology

What is a function of the skeletal system?

Producing blood cells

The EMT shows correct understanding of the circulatory system when he identifies the primary function of the heart as:

Pumping blood throughout the body

A tachypneic patient is breathing:

Rapidly

As a patient provides you with her past medical history, which condition should you recognize as directly related to the endocrine system?

Removal of the thyroid

Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the right midaxillary region. Which description best identifies where is this injury located?

Right lateral chest

Which portion of the heart is in failure when it can no longer effectively pump blood to the lungs?

Right ventricle

The segment of the spinal column that forms the posterior pelvis is the:

Sacral vertebrae

Which individual finding in a patient is the most reliable indicator that the patient is breathing inadequately?

Shallow breathing at a rate of 30 breaths/min in an infant

A female patient has suffered a stroke to the right side of her brain and has paralysis to the contralateral portion of the body. Which description of this condition is correct?

She cannot move her left arm and leg

In the healthy heart, the electrical impulses that cause normal contraction of the cardiac muscle are initiated in the:

Sinoatrial node

Which statement best describes the anatomic position?

Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward

An 89-year-old female patient has fallen in her living room and has pain in her left hip. As you approach, you note that she is on her back with her left leg turned inward. When relaying this information to the receiving hospital, how would you describe her position?

Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity

The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the left ventricle contracts is called:

Systolic

Which action produces inhalation and contributes to airflow into the lungs?

The diaphragm contracts

The infant airway differs from the adult airway in that:

The infant's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth

Which statement about the human anatomy is true?

The knee is proximal to the ankle

Which statement regarding the integumentary system is true?

The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms

Understanding physiology will allow the EMT to understand that bronchoconstriction will have which effect on breathing?

There will be an increase in the work of breathing

Occlusion to which pulmonary structure would cause total cessation of airflow into and out of the lungs?

Trachea

Which plane would show the liver, stomach, and spleen?

Transverse plane

A patient experiencing pain in the thoracic region of his spinal column has pain in his:

Upper back

What is the name of the structure in males and females that transports the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Ureters

Which structure or vessel carries oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium?

Vena Cava

A female patient has a muscular disease and cannot walk, so she requires a wheelchair. Because the patient cannot ambulate by her own will, you would recognize that the muscles involved are:

Voluntary

An example of a pivot joint of the body would be:

Where the radius and ulna meet the humerus

A patient suffering a carpal fracture would most likely complain of pain in her:

Wrist

You are using cryotherapy to treat a deformed and painful ankle. This treatment involves the use of:

ice