EMT - chapter 7 -LIFE SPAN DEVELOPMENT

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, except: a. Increased surface area available for air exchange. b. Decreased residual volume. c. A loss of respiratory muscle mass. d. Increased stiffness of the thoracic cage

Increased surface area available for air exchange

Which of the following is not a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? a. Medications b. Increased weight c. Medical conditions d. Overall health

Increased weight

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children? a. 10 to 18 months b. 24 to 36 months c. 6 to 8 months d. 18 to 24 months

10 to 18 months

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: a. 19 and 25 years. b. 25 and 35 years. c. 21 and 30 years. d. 18 and 22 years.

19 and 25 years.

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 40 years of age is typically: a. 80 beats/min b. 90 beats/min c. 70 beats/min d. 60 beats/min

70 beats/min

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: a. 70 to 120 beats/min b. 100 to 150 beats/min c. 90 to 140 beats/min d. 60 to 100 beats/min

70 to 120 beats/min

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: a. 90 mm Hg b. 80 mm Hg c. 60 mm Hg d. 70 mm Hg

90 mm Hg

Age-related changes in the renal system result in: A. The formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%. B. A decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed. C. A significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. D. Dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function.

A decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that: a. It is common to see a more significant increase in heart rate than what would be expected in younger adults b. In older adults, it is especially common to observe a significant decrease in heart rate in response to shock c. Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system might make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion d. The patient's cardiac output is able to increase by nearly 200% in response to the decrease in perfusion.

Age-related changes in the cardiovascular system might make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion.

Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct? a. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min. b. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month. c. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's normal body temperature. d. By six months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg.

An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's normal body temperature.

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? a. The rib cage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's rib cage b. An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's head c. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's trachea d. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's tongue.

An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's tongue

Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct? a. Because they think rationally, adolescents are at the lowest risk of suicide b. Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age. c. Adolescents are less fixated on their public image than younger children d. Family conflict decreases as the adolescent gains control of his or her own life.

Antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.

Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the: a. Overall size of the airway decreases. b. Surface area of the alveoli increases c. Elasticity of the lungs decreases. d. Diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.

Elasticity of the lungs decreases.

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct? a. Generally speaking, the brain increases in size by 10% to 20% by the time a person reaches 80 years of age. b. Because of a decrease in the number of brain cells, a person's level of intelligence decreases with age. c. The metabolic rate in the brain increases with age, but the consumption of oxygen decreases significantly. d. Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child: a. Reaches out and explores because he or she knows that the parents are there as a safety net. b. Shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection. c. Clings to a parent or caregiver because he or she knows that the person can be trusted d. Becomes acutely anxious in the presence of strangers or in unfamiliar surroundings.

Shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: a. The blood vessels become stiff b. The blood thickens as a person ages c. Diastolic blood pressure decreases d. The arteries dilate significantly

The blood vessels become stiff

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: a. He or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse. b.The occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. c.The back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position. d.The tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat.

The occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct? a. Muscle mass and bone density decrease in toddlers and preschoolers because of increased physical activity. b. Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity c. The normal respiratory rate in toddlers and preschoolers is between 12 and 20 breaths/min d. Toddlers and preschoolers have well-developed lung musculature, even though they have less lung tissue.

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity

In preconventional reasoning, children: a. Blame their actions on what they have observed in older children. b. Make decisions based on their conscience. c. Look for approval from their peers and society. d. Act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? a. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. b. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet. c. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years. d. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s.

cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: a. Functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells. b. It is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries. c. His ability to physiologically compensate for his injury might be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. d. Blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily.

his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury might be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: a. Recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults b. Avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering c. Inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible d. Obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? a. Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up. b. Knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance c. Responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently d. Walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions

places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up.

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she: a. Is unable to track your movements with her eyes b. Has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration c. Responds to her name but is fearful of your presence d. Will readily allow you to separate her from her mother

responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: a. Small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. b. Assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs c. The infant's proportionately small tongue causes an airway obstruction d. An infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction

small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times