EMT Chapter 7: Life Span Development

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Adolescent)

60-100 bpm, 12-20 breaths/min, 90-110 mmHg, 98.6 F

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Early adult)

60-100 bpm, 12-20 breaths/min, 90-130 mmHg, 98.6 F

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Middle adult)

60-100 bpm, 12-20 breaths/min, 90-130 mmHg, 98.6 F

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Older adult)

60-100 bpm, 12-20 breaths/min, 90-130 mmHg, 98.6 F

Older adult

61 years and older

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (School age)

70-120 bpm, 15-20 breaths/min, 80-110 mmHg, 98.6F

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Preschool age)

80-140 bpm, 15-20 breaths/min, 80-100 mmHg, 98.6 F

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Toddler)

90-150 bpm, 20-30 breaths/min, 80-100 mmHg, 96.8-99.6 F

Palmar grasp reflex

occurs when an object is placed into a neonate's palm and he/she instinctively closes his/her hand around the object

Barotrauma

pressure induced trauma from forceful ventilations and overinflation in an infant's lungs

Infant

1 month to 1 year old

Toddler

1 year to 3 years old

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Infant)

100-160 bpm, 25-50 breaths/min, 70-95 mmHg, 98.6-99.6 F

Pulse Rate, Respirations, Systolic Blood Pressure, Temperature (Neonate)

100-180 bpm, 30-60 breaths/min, 50-70 mmHg, 98-100 F

Adolescent

12 years to 18 years old

Early adult

19 years to 40 years old

Preschool age

3 years to 6 years old

Middle adult

41 years to 60 years old

School age

6 years to 12 years old

1. Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause of a fall in a patient of this age? A. Hypertension B. Hypotension C. Balance issues D. Muscle weakness

A. Hypertension

4. Changes in sleep patterns can be a consequence of age-related illness in which of the following body systems? A. Nervous B. Renal C. Sensory D. Endocrine

A. Nervous

2. Which of the following should be expected when you assess the patient's pupils? A. Slower pupillary reaction B. Vision deficit C. Fixed, dilated pupils D. Unequal pupils

A. Slower pupillary reaction

In preconventional reasoning, children: A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want B. make decisions based on their conscience C. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children D. look for approval from their peers and society

A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: A. their rib cage is less rigid, and the ribs sit horizontally B. their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain C. their intercostal muscles are not functional D. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand

A. their rib cage is less rigid, and the ribs sit horizontally

5. Which of the following represents a potentially controllable or changeable factor affecting vital signs in older adults? A. Patient's immune system B. Overall health of the patient C. Patient's cardiovascular system D. Patient's diet

B. Overall health of the patient

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? A. an infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's head B. an infant's tongue is proportionally larger than an adult's tongue C. the rib cage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's rib cage D. the trachea of an infant is proportionally longer than an adult's trachea

B. an infant's tongue is proportionally larger than an adult's tongue

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she: A. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence C. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother D. is unable to track your movements with her eyes

B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence

With an increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: A. the arteries dilate significantly B. the blood vessels become stiff C. the blood thickens as a person ages D. diastolic blood pressure decreases

B. the blood vessels become stiff

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? A. an infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body B. the neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled C. when something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch. D. when the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward

B. the neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled

Neonate

Birth to 1 month old

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 40 years of age is typically: A. 60 beats/min B. 80 beats/min C. 70 beats/min D. 90 beats/min

C. 70 beats/min

6. Who provides the most care for older adults in the United States? A. Home health nurses B. Nursing homes C. Family members D. Assisted-living facilities

C. Family members

3. Which of the following statements is true regarding communication with older adults? A. You must speak loudly so the patient will hear you. B. Communication may be difficult since the weight of the brain shrinks up to 40% by age 80. C. It may take older adult patients more time to respond to your questions. D. Place yourself directly in front of the patient since peripheral vision narrows as the patient becomes older.

C. It may take older adult patients more time to respond to your questions.

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: A. deafness and blindness are a normal part of the process of aging B. the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears D. most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells

C. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or over flexed because: A. the back of the head is flat, which prevents a neutral position B. he or she has a long neck, which makes the trachea prone to collapse C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible D. the tongue is proportionately small and can fall back into the throat

C. the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible

A 16-year-old complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview you should: A. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults B. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents C. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

D. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible

artherosclerosis

a condition characterized by the buildup of cholesterol and calcium along the inner walls of blood vessels, resulting in the formation of plaque

Trust versus mistrust

a time when children learn whether they can trust the people around them (birth-18 months old)

Rooting reflex

displayed when something touches the neonate's cheek and he/she intuitively turns his/her head in the direction of the touch

Nephrons

filter blood within the kidney

fontanelles

gaps between cranial bones that are connected by a relatively flexible fibrous tissue

Sucking reflex

illustrated when a breastfeeding mother strokes her baby's lips with her nipple prompting the child to latch on

Moro reflex (startle reflex)

illustrated when neonates are caught off guard and startled, at which time they open their arms wide, spread their fingers, and appear to be grabbing for something

postconventional reasoning

moral judgments begin to follow an internalized moral compass (a conscience)

Life expectancy

the average number of years a person can be expected to live (78-120 years old)

conventional reasoning

the child's behavior is more motivated by the approval of peers and society

Preconventional reasoning

the child's moral compass is directed by external forces such as parental discipline